Gennady Troshev
Encyclopedia
Gennady Nikolayevich Troshev (March 14, 1947– September 14, 2008) was a Russian
Colonel General
in the Russian military and formerly the commander of the North Caucasus Military District
, including Chechnya
, during the Second Chechen War
. He was awarded a Hero of Russia award.
of Berlin
, in the Soviet occupation zone, the son of a Soviet officer. He spent his childhood in the ethnic Russian community of the Chechen-Ingush Republic
's capital Grozny
.
Tank College, and later from the Tank Academy and from the Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduating from the tank college in 1969, Troshev served in Soviet tank forces. Troshev served as the commander of the 10th Guards Uralsko-Lvovskaya Tank Division
, later - as the commander of the 42nd Army Corps. and as the commander of the joint group of federal forces in Chechnya during the First Chechen War
. On June 1, 1995, Troshev was appointed commander of the 58th Army
, and since July 29, 1997, he served as the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District
. In April 2000 Troshev was appointed the commander of the joint group of federal forces in the Northern Caucasus.
During his career as a commander in Chechnya he gained notoriety after advocating public executions
of separatist fighters. Human rights activists had accused him of tolerating rampant abuses in the war-ravaged republic. Early in the war he declared that the shattered city of Grozny
should never be rebuilt so as to serve as a warning against "treason to Russia's ethnic minorities". He also publicly defended Yuri Budanov
, who was on trial for the rape
and murder
of an 18-year-old Chechen woman, Elza Kungayeva.
. Due to this act, President Vladimir Putin
signed a decree dismissing Troshev from his post in 2002.
The Jamestown Foundation
, a U.S. policy research organisation that studies Russian military affairs, said Ivanov's order that Troshev relocate to Siberia was "open to multiple and complex interpretations. One theory connects it to a broader reshuffling of personnel as major elections approach in Chechnya (and perhaps in response to the Moscow theater hostage crisis
). A second explanation ties it to the stalled process of military-administrative reform."
After his sacking, Troshev was appointed an advisor to the President of the Russian Federation
for Cossacks affairs.
, which crashed and left no survivors. Russian officials have dismissed public suspicions that the plane might have been sabotaged.
One week after Troshev's death, the President of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov
renamed Krasnoznamennaya Street in Grozny
after Troshev.
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
Colonel General
Colonel General
Colonel General is a senior rank of General. North Korea and Russia are two countries which have used the rank extensively throughout their histories...
in the Russian military and formerly the commander of the North Caucasus Military District
North Caucasus Military District
The North Caucasus Military District was a military district of the Russian Ground Forces, which became in 2010 the Southern Military District and lately also includes the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla....
, including Chechnya
Chechnya
The Chechen Republic , commonly referred to as Chechnya , also spelled Chechnia or Chechenia, sometimes referred to as Ichkeria , is a federal subject of Russia . It is located in the southeastern part of Europe in the Northern Caucasus mountains. The capital of the republic is the city of Grozny...
, during the Second Chechen War
Second Chechen War
The Second Chechen War, in a later phase better known as the War in the North Caucasus, was launched by the Russian Federation starting 26 August 1999, in response to the Invasion of Dagestan by the Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade ....
. He was awarded a Hero of Russia award.
Early years
Gennady Troshev was born in 1947 in the eastern partEast Berlin
East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. It consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin that was established in 1945. The American, British and French sectors became West Berlin, a part strongly associated with West Germany but a free city...
of Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, in the Soviet occupation zone, the son of a Soviet officer. He spent his childhood in the ethnic Russian community of the Chechen-Ingush Republic
Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, or Chechen–Ingush ASSR ;) was an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR...
's capital Grozny
Grozny
Grozny is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 271,596; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census. but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989...
.
Military career
In 1969 he graduated from the KazanKazan
Kazan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,143,546 , it is the eighth most populous city in Russia. Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia. In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the...
Tank College, and later from the Tank Academy and from the Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduating from the tank college in 1969, Troshev served in Soviet tank forces. Troshev served as the commander of the 10th Guards Uralsko-Lvovskaya Tank Division
10th Guards Uralsko-Lvovskaya Tank Division
The 10th Guards Uralsko-Lvovskaya Volunteer Tank Division, also known at the Ural-Lvov Tank Division, is a tank division of the Russian Ground Forces and part of the Moscow Military District's 20th Army, under the command of Lt. General Andrey Tretyak. The division traces its heritage back to 1943,...
, later - as the commander of the 42nd Army Corps. and as the commander of the joint group of federal forces in Chechnya during the First Chechen War
First Chechen War
The First Chechen War, also known as the War in Chechnya, was a conflict between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, fought from December 1994 to August 1996...
. On June 1, 1995, Troshev was appointed commander of the 58th Army
58th Army (Russia)
The 58th Army is a field army; first of the Soviet Union's Red Army and subsequently of the Russian Ground Forces....
, and since July 29, 1997, he served as the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District
North Caucasus Military District
The North Caucasus Military District was a military district of the Russian Ground Forces, which became in 2010 the Southern Military District and lately also includes the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla....
. In April 2000 Troshev was appointed the commander of the joint group of federal forces in the Northern Caucasus.
During his career as a commander in Chechnya he gained notoriety after advocating public executions
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, the death penalty, or execution is the sentence of death upon a person by the state as a punishment for an offence. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital originates from the Latin capitalis, literally...
of separatist fighters. Human rights activists had accused him of tolerating rampant abuses in the war-ravaged republic. Early in the war he declared that the shattered city of Grozny
Grozny
Grozny is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 271,596; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census. but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989...
should never be rebuilt so as to serve as a warning against "treason to Russia's ethnic minorities". He also publicly defended Yuri Budanov
Yuri Budanov
Yuri Dmitrievich Budanov was the Russian military officer convicted by a Russian court of kidnapping and murder in Chechnya.Budanov was highly controversial in Russia: despite the conviction, Budanov enjoyed widespread support of Russian households, as polled by public opinion. At the same time,...
, who was on trial for the rape
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or with a person who is incapable of valid consent. The...
and murder
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing, with malice aforethought, of another human being, and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms of unlawful homicide...
of an 18-year-old Chechen woman, Elza Kungayeva.
Post military career
He publicly defied, on national television, Minister of Defense Sergi Ivanov's suggestion that Troshev should relocate from Chechnya (the North Caucasus Military District) to the command of the Siberian Military DistrictSiberian Military District
The Siberian Military District was a Military district of the Russian Ground Forces. In 2010 it was divided between the two newly formed Central and Eastern Military Districts.- History :...
. Due to this act, President Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when...
signed a decree dismissing Troshev from his post in 2002.
The Jamestown Foundation
The Jamestown Foundation
The Jamestown Foundation is a Washington, D.C.-based institute for research and analysis, founded in 1984 as a platform to support Soviet dissidents. Today its stated mission is to "inform and educate" policy makers about events and trends, which it regards as being of current "strategic"...
, a U.S. policy research organisation that studies Russian military affairs, said Ivanov's order that Troshev relocate to Siberia was "open to multiple and complex interpretations. One theory connects it to a broader reshuffling of personnel as major elections approach in Chechnya (and perhaps in response to the Moscow theater hostage crisis
Moscow theater hostage crisis
The Moscow theater hostage crisis, also known as the 2002 Nord-Ost siege, was the seizure of the crowded Dubrovka Theater on 23 October 2002 by some 40 to 50 armed Chechens who claimed allegiance to the Islamist militant separatist movement in Chechnya. They took 850 hostages and demanded the...
). A second explanation ties it to the stalled process of military-administrative reform."
After his sacking, Troshev was appointed an advisor to the President of the Russian Federation
President of the Russian Federation
The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation...
for Cossacks affairs.
Death
Troshev died on September 14, 2008. He was a passenger aboard Aeroflot Flight 821Aeroflot Flight 821
Aeroflot Flight 821, operated by Aeroflot-Nord in a service agreement with Aeroflot and as its subsidiary, crashed on approach to Perm Airport on 14 September 2008 at 5:10 local time . All 82 passengers and 6 crew members were killed...
, which crashed and left no survivors. Russian officials have dismissed public suspicions that the plane might have been sabotaged.
One week after Troshev's death, the President of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov
Ramzan Kadyrov
Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov is the President of Chechnya and a former Chechen rebel.Ramzan is a son of former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov, assassinated in May 2004. In February 2007 Kadyrov replaced Alu Alkhanov as President, shortly after he had turned 30, which is the minimum age for the post...
renamed Krasnoznamennaya Street in Grozny
Grozny
Grozny is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 271,596; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census. but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989...
after Troshev.
Military medals and ribbons
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Order of War Merit |
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Order of Friendship of Peoples Order of Friendship of Peoples The Order of Friendship of Peoples was an order of the Soviet Union, and was awarded to persons , organizations, enterprises, military units, as well as administrative subdivisions of the USSR for accomplishments in strengthening of inter-ethnic and international friendship and cooperation, for... |
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Order for Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces Order for Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces The Order for Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR also known as Order of Service to Motherland was a USSR military order created on 28 October 1974, making it the first military order created after the end of World War II.According to its statute, the order was awarded for... |
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300th Anniversary of the Russian Fleet |
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100th Anniversary of Marshal Zhukov Georgy Zhukov Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov , was a Russian career officer in the Red Army who, in the course of World War II, played a pivotal role in leading the Red Army through much of Eastern Europe to liberate the Soviet Union and other nations from the Axis Powers' occupation... 's Birth |
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100th Anniversary of Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a... 's Birth |
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Soviet Military Veteran |
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50th Anniversary of the Soviet Armed Forces |
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60th Anniversary of the Soviet Armed Forces |
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70th Anniversary of the Soviet Armed Forces |
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For military valor 1st Class (Ministry of Defence) |
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For strengthening of brotherhood of arms |
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For valor, silver (Ministry of Justice of Russia) |
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For Fighting Commonwealth (Ministry of Internal Affairs) |
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For Fighting Commonwealth (Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation) |
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For Participation in Counter-Terrorist Operation |
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Soviet 20 Years of Military Service |
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Soviet 15 Years of Military Service |
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Soviet 10 Years of Military Service |