German Type IX submarine - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Type IX U-boat was designed by Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

in 1935 and 1936 as a large ocean-going submarine

Submarine

A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability...

for sustained operations far from the home support facilities. Type IX boats were briefly used for patrols off the eastern United States in an attempt to disrupt the stream of troops and supplies bound for Europe. The extended range came at the cost of longer dive times and decreased maneuverability, which is why the smaller Type VII

German Type VII submarine

Type VII U-boats were the most common type of German World War II U-boat. The Type VII was based on earlier German submarine designs going back to the World War I Type UB III, designed through the Dutch dummy company Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw den Haag which was set up by Germany after...

was produced in greater numbers and used for the bulk of operations. It was derived from the Type IA

German Type I submarine

The Type I U-boat was the first post-World War I attempt by the German Kriegsmarine to produce an ocean going submarine. Only two Type IAs were built, but the decision to halt production on further boats is believed to be because of political decisions and not because of major faults in the Type I...

, and appeared in various sub-types.

Type IXs had six torpedo tubes, four at the bow and two at the stern. They carried six reloads internally and had five external torpedo containers (three at the stern and two at the bow) which stored ten additional torpedoes. The total of 22 torpedoes allowed U-boat commanders to follow a convoy and strike night after night. As mine-layers they could carry 44 TMA or 66 TMB mines, but many of the IXC boats were not fitted for mine operations.

Secondary armament was provided by one large Utof 105/45 gun with about 110 rounds. Anti-aircraft armament differed throughout the war. They had two periscopes in the tower. Types IXA and IXB had an additional periscope in the control room, which was removed in Type IXC and afterward.

List of Type IXA submarines

Eight Type IXA U-boats were built by AG Weser

AG Weser

Aktien-Gesellschaft Weser was one of the great German shipbuilding companies, located at the Weser River in Bremen. Founded in 1873 it was finally closed in 1983. Altogether, AG Weser built about 1400 ships of different types, including many war ships...

of Bremen.

U-37
U-38
U-39
U-40
U-41
U-42
U-43
U-44
German submarine U-44 (1939)
German submarine U-44 was a Type IXA U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She was ordered by the German Kriegsmarine on 21 November 1936 andwas laid down on 15 September 1938 by AG Weser, Bremen as Werk 949...

Type IXB

Type IXB was an improved model with an increased range. It was the most successful version overall with each boat averaging a total of over 100,000 tonnes sunk.

Famous IXB boats included U-123 under the command of Reinhard Hardegen

Reinhard Hardegen

Lieutenant Commander Reinhard Hardegen is a German U-boat Commander who sank 22 ships, amounting to sunk, ranking him as the 24th most successful Commander in World War II. After the war, he spent a year in British captivity before running a successful oil company and serving in Bremen's...

, which opened up the attack in the US waters in early 1942 known as Operation Drumbeat, and U-107 operating off Freetown, Sierra Leone

Freetown

Freetown is the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone, a country in West Africa. It is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean located in the Western Area of the country, and had a city proper population of 772,873 at the 2004 census. The city is the economic, financial, and cultural center of...

under the command of Günther Hessler

Günther Hessler

Günther Hessler was a Fregattenkapitän with the Kriegsmarine during World War II. He commanded the Type IXB U-boat , sinking twenty-one ships on three patrols, for a total of tons of Allied shipping, of which was sunk on one patrol alone...

, which had the most successful single mission of the war ever with close to 100,000 tonnes sunk.

List of Type IXB submarines

Fourteen Type IXB U-boats were built by AG Weser

AG Weser

of Bremen.

U-64
German submarine U-64 (1939)
German submarine U-64 was a Type IXB U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. U-64 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 16 July 1937 in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and as part of the German naval rearmament program Plan Z. Her keel was laid down by AG Weser in Bremen on 15...
U-65
German submarine U-65 (1940)
German submarine U-65 was a Type IXB U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. Over the course of six war patrols from 15 February 1940 through 28 April 1941, she sank twelve ships and damaged three others for a total loss of 88,664 GRT....
U-103
U-104
German submarine U-104 (1940)
German submarine U-104 was a Type IXB U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. U-104 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938 as part of the German naval rearmament program Plan Z. Her keel was laid down by AG Weser in Bremen on 10 November 1939...
U-105
German submarine U-105 (1940)
German submarine U-105 was a Type IXB U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine. U-105 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938 as part of Nazi Germany's naval rearmament program. Her keel was laid down by AG Weser in Bremen on 16 November 1938...
U-106
U-107

U-108
U-109
German submarine U-109 (1940)
The German submarine U-109 was a Type IXB U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She conducted nine war-patrols, sinking 12 ships and damaging one...
U-110
U-111
German submarine U-111 (1940)
German submarine U-111 was a Type IXB U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. U-111 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 8 August 1939 in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and as part of the German naval rearmament program known as Plan Z. Her keel was laid down by AG Weser in...
U-122
U-123
U-124

Type IXC

Type IXC was a further refinement of the class with storage for an additional 43 tonnes of fuel, increasing the boat's range. This series omitted the control room periscope leaving the boats with two tower scopes.

As mine-layers they could carry 44 TMA or 66 TMB mines, though U-162

German submarine U-162 (1941)

German submarine U-162 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II.U-162 was ordered on 25 September 1939 and was laid down on 19 April 1940 at Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, at Seebeck Yard in Bremerhaven, Germany, as "werk 701"...

through U-170 and U-505 through U-550 (35 boats), were not fitted for mine operations.

One IXC carries the distinction of being the only U-boat sunk in the Gulf of Mexico, U-166.

U-505 survives at the Museum of Science and Industry

Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)

The Museum of Science and Industry is located in Chicago, Illinois, USA in Jackson Park, in the Hyde Park neighborhood adjacent to Lake Michigan. It is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition...

in Chicago

Chicago

Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

, and as of 2005 has been completely renovated.

List of Type IXC submarines

There were 54 Type IXC submarines were built by AG Weser

AG Weser

and Seebeckwerft

Seebeckwerft

-History:Seebeckwerft was founded in 1876 and developed from a small, metal-processing company in the heart of Bremerhaven into one of the leading shipbuilding companies in the region.During World War II Seebeckwerft built 16 Type IX U-boats for the Kriegsmarine....

of Bremen, and Deutsche Werft

Deutsche Werft

Deutsche Werft was a German shipbuilding company, located in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded in 1918 on initiative by Albert Ballin and with Gutehoffnungshütte , Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft and Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft as investors.During World War II...

of Hamburg

Hamburg

-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...

U-66
U-67
U-68
U-125
U-126
U-127
U-128
U-129
U-130
U-131
U-153
U-154
U-155
U-156
U-157
German submarine U-157 (1941)
German submarine U-157 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 21 October 1940 at the AG Weser yard at Bremen, launched on 5 June 1941, and commissioned on 15 September 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Wolf Henne...
U-158
German submarine U-158 (1941)
German submarine U-158 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.Her keel was laid down on November 1, 1940 by AG Weser in Bremen...
U-159
U-160
U-161

U-162
German submarine U-162 (1941)
German submarine U-162 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II.U-162 was ordered on 25 September 1939 and was laid down on 19 April 1940 at Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, at Seebeck Yard in Bremerhaven, Germany, as "werk 701"...
U-163
U-164
U-165
U-166
U-171
U-172
U-173
U-174
U-175
U-176
U-501
U-502
U-503
U-504
U-505
U-506
German submarine U-506
German submarine U-506 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 11 July 1940 at the Deutsche Werft yard at Hamburg, launched on 20 June 1941, and commissioned on 15 September 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Erich Würdemann...
U-507

U-508
U-509
U-510
German submarine U-510
German submarine U-510 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II, which later served in the French Navy. The submarine was laid down on 1 November 1940 at the Deutsche Werft yard at Hamburg, launched on 4 September 1941, and commissioned on 25 November 1941 under the...
U-511
U-512
U-513
German submarine U-513
U-513 was a German U-boat built for service in the Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was sunk in Brazilian waters off São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina state on 19 July 1943, with seven survivors including her captain Friedrich Guggenberger, and rediscovered on 14 July 2011, at a depth of ,...
U-514
German submarine U-514
German submarine U-514 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II, commissioned in December 1941 and sunk by RAF aircraft after 19 months.Humphrey Metzgen and John Graham, , University of West Indies Press, 2007,...
U-515
U-516
U-517
U-518
U-519
U-520
U-521
U-522
U-523
U-524
U-533

Type IXC/40

Type IXC/40 was an improved Type IXC with slightly increased range and surfaced speed. The remains of U-534 are on display at Woodside Ferry Terminal, Birkenhead

Birkenhead

Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the west bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool...

List of Type IXC/40 submarines

Eighty-seven of this type were built by AG Weser

AG Weser

and Seebeckwerft

Seebeckwerft

of Bremen, and Deutsche Werft

Deutsche Werft

of Hamburg

Hamburg

U-167
U-168
German submarine U-168
German submarine U-168 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.Her keel was laid down on March 15, 1941 by the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG in Bremen...
U-169
U-170
U-183
U-184
U-185
U-186
U-187
U-188
U-189
U-190
U-191
German submarine U-191
German submarine U-191 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.She was ordered on 4 November 1940 from AG Weser, Bremen laid down on 2 November 1941 and launched on 23 July 1942. She was commissioned under Kptlt...
U-192
U-193
U-194
German submarine U-194
German submarine U-194 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine built during World War II for service in the Atlantic Ocean. She was a short-lived vessel, being sunk on her first and only operational war patrol...
U-525
U-526
U-527
U-528
U-529
U-530
U-531
U-532
U-533
U-534
U-535
U-536
U-537

U-538
U-539
U-540
U-541
U-542
U-543
U-544
U-545
U-546
German submarine U-546
German submarine U-546 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat operated by the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. U-546 was responsible for the last combat sinking of a United States Navy vessel in the Atlantic Theatre, during Operation Teardrop, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Paul Just.-Service...
U-547
U-548
U-549
U-550
U-801
U-802
U-803
U-804
German submarine U-804
German submarine U-804 was a Type IXC/41 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. U-804 was ordered on 7 December 1940, and was laid down on 1 December 1942 at Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Bremen as 'werk 362'...
U-805
U-806
U-841
U-842
U-843
U-844
U-845
U-846
U-853
U-854
U-855
U-856

U-857
U-858
U-865
U-866
U-867
U-868
U-869
U-870
U-877
German submarine U-877
German submarine U-877 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat built for and operated by the Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. The ship was ordered on 2 April 1942, laid down on 22 May 1943, and launched on 10 December 1943. She was commissioned into the Kriegsmarine under the command of Kapitänleutnant...
U-878
U-879
U-880
U-881
German submarine U-881
German submarine U-881 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat built for and operated by the Kriegsmarine during World War II. The ship was ordered on 26 April 1942, laid down on 7 August 1943, and launched on 4 March 1944. She was commissioned into the Kriegsmarine under the command of Kplt. Dr. Karl-Heinz...
U-889
U-1221
U-1222
U-1223
U-1224
German submarine U-1224
German submarine U-1224 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. She was constructed by Deutsche Werft of Hamburg, used as a training ship for Japanese sailors, and transferred into Japanese service on February 15, 1944.-Kriegsmarine :His keel was...
U-1225
German submarine U-1225
German submarine U-1225 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II.The submarine was laid down on 28 December 1942 at the Deutsche Werft yard at Hamburg, launched on 21 July 1943, and commissioned on 10 November 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ernst...
U-1226
U-1227
U-1228
U-1229
U-1230
U-1231
U-1232
German submarine U-1232
U-1232 was a Type IX U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. On 14 January 1945, the boat torpedoed and sank three ships within 13 minutes near Halifax Harbour off the Atlantic coast of Canada....
U-1233
U-1234
U-1235

Type IXD

Type IXD was significantly longer and heavier than the IXC/40. It was faster than the IXC but at the cost of slightly reduced range. They had three pairs of Daimler Benz diesels: two pairs for cruise and one for high speed or battery recharge. There were three variants: the IXD1, IXD2 and IXD/42. The IXD1 had unreliable engines and they were converted to transports.
The IXD2 comprised most of the class. The IXD/42, was almost identical but with more engine power (5,400 ehp instead of 4,400).

In 1943 and 1944 the torpedo tubes were removed from a number of IXD boats converted for transport use. In their new role they could transport 252 tonnes of cargo.

List of Type IXD submarines

Thirty Type IXD U-boats were built by AG Weser

AG Weser

of Bremen.

U-177
German submarine U-177
German submarine U-177 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 25 November 1940 at the AG Weser yard at Bremen, launched on 1 October 1941, and commissioned on 14 March 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Schulze...
U-178
German submarine U-178
German submarine U-178 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.Ordered on 28 May 1940, the U-boat was laid down on 24 December 1940 at the AG Weser yard at Bremen, was launched on 25 October 1941, and commissioned on 14 February 1942, under the...
U-179
U-180
U-181
U-182
U-195
U-196
U-197
German submarine U-197
German submarine U-197 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 5 July 1941 at the AG Weser yard at Bremen, launched on 21 May 1942, and commissioned on 10 October 1942 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Robert Bartels...
U-198
German submarine U-198
German submarine U-198, was a Type IXD2 U-boat which fought in World War II.She was built by the Deschimag AG Weser in Bremen. The boat was sunk on 12 August 1944 near the Seychelles, in position , by depth charges from the British frigate HMS Findhorn and the Indian Black Swan class sloop HMIS...

U-199
German submarine U-199
German submarine U-199 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. U-199 was sunk off the Brazilian coast in 1943 by a combination of attacks by Brazilian and American planes....
U-200
German submarine U-200
German submarine U-200 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. U-200 was sunk southwest of Iceland in position by depth charges from a British Consolidated B-24 Liberator of No. 120 Squadron RAF...
U-847
U-848
U-849
U-850
U-851
U-852
U-859
U-860

U-861
U-862
U-863
U-864
U-871
U-872
U-873
U-874
U-875
U-876

Several Type IXD/42 U-boats were contracted to be built AG Weser

AG Weser

of Bremen, but only two were commissioned. They were:

U-883 was launched on April 28, 1944 and commissioned March 27, 1945. Her career ended in Operation Deadlight
Operation Deadlight
Operation Deadlight was the code name for the scuttling of U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of World War II....

.
U-884 was launched on May 17, 1944 but was badly damaged on March 30, 1945 by US bombs while still in dockyard hands.
U-885, U-886, U-887, and U-888 were laid down but construction halted on September 30, 1943 when all IXD/42 contracts were cancelled.

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