Gian Francesco Malipiero
Encyclopedia
Gian Francesco Malipiero (ˌdʒam franˈtʃesko maliˈpjɛːro; 18 March 1882 - 1 August 1973) was an Italian
composer, musicologist, music teacher and editor
.
into an aristocratic family, the grandson of the opera composer Francesco Malipiero
, Gian Francesco Malipiero was prevented by family troubles from pursuing his musical education in a consistent manner. His father separated from his mother in 1893 and took Gian Francesco to Trieste
, Berlin and eventually to Vienna
. The young Malipiero and his father broke up their relationship bitterly, and in 1899 Malipiero returned to his mother's home in Venice, where he entered the Liceo Musicale.
After stopping counterpoint
lessons with the composer, organist and pedagogue Marco Enrico Bossi
, Malipiero continued studying on his own by copying out music by such composers as Claudio Monteverdi
and Girolamo Frescobaldi
from the Biblioteca Marciana
, in Venice, thereby beginning a lifelong commitment to Italian music of that period. In 1904 he went to Bologna
and sought out Bossi to continue his studies, at the Bologna Liceo Musicale ("Music High School"). After graduating, Malipiero became an assistant to the blind composer Antonio Smareglia
.
classes. Later, in 1913, Malipiero moved to Paris, where he became acquainted with compositions by Ravel
, Debussy
, De Falla
, Schoenberg
, Berg
. Most importantly, he attended the première of Stravinsky
's Le Sacre du Printemps, soon after meeting Alfredo Casella
and Gabriele d'Annunzio
. He described the experience as an awakening "from a long and dangerous lethargy". After that, he repudiated almost all the compositions he had written up to that time, with the exception of Impressioni dal vero (1910–11) At that time he won four composition prizes at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia
in Rome, by entering five compositions under five different pseudonyms.
In 1917, due to the Italian defeat at Caporetto
, he was forced to flee from Venice and settled in Rome.
In 1923, he joined with Alfredo Casella and Gabriele D'Annunzio
in creating the Corporazione delle Nuove Musiche
. Malipiero was on good terms with Benito Mussolini
until he set Pirandello
's libretto La favola del figlio cambiato, earning the condemnation of the fascists. Malipiero dedicated his next opera, Giulio Cesare, to Mussolini, but this did not help him.
He was a professor of composition at the Parma Conservatory from 1921 to 1924. In 1932 he became professor of composition at the then Venice Liceo Musicale
, which he directed from 1939 to 1952. Among others, he taught Luigi Nono
and his own nephew Riccardo Malipiero
.
After permanently settling in the little town of Asolo
in 1923, Malipiero began the editorial work for which he would become best known, a complete edition of all of Claudio Monteverdi
's oeuvre, from 1926 to 1942, and after 1952, editing much of Vivaldi
's concerti at the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi.
His orchestral works include seventeen compositions he called symphonies, of which however only eleven are numbered. The first was composed in 1933, when Malipiero was already over fifty years old. Prior to that, Malipiero had written several important orchestral pieces but avoided the word "sinfonia" (symphony) almost completely. This was due to his rejection of the Austro-German symphonic tradition. The only exceptions to that are the three compositions Sinfonia degli eroi (1905), Sinfonia del mare (1906) and Sinfonie del silenzio e della morte (1909–1910). In such early works, the label "symphony" should not, however, be interpreted as indicating works in the Beethovenian
or Brahmsian
symphonic style, but more as symphonic poems.
When asked in the mid-1950s by the British encyclopedia The World of Music, Malipiero listed as his most important compositions the following pieces:
He regarded Impressioni dal vero, for orchestra, as his earliest work of lasting importance.
form and, in general, of standard thematic development in composition. He declared:
Malipiero's musical language is characterized by an extreme formal freedom; he always renounced the academic discipline of variation
, preferring the more anarchic expression of song, and he avoided falling into program music
descriptivism. Until the first half of the 1950s, Malipiero remained tied to diatonism, maintaining a connection with the pre-19th century Italian instrumental music and Gregorian chant, moving then slowly to increasingly eerie and tense territories that put him closer to total chromaticism. He did not abandon his previous style but he reinvented it. In his latest pages, it is possible to recognize suggestions from his pupils Luigi Nono
and Bruno Maderna
.
His compositions are based on free, non-thematic passages as much as in thematic composition, and seldom do movements end in the keys in which they started.
When Malipiero approached the symphony, he did not do so in the so-called post-Beethovenian sense, and for this reason authors rather described his works as "sinfonias" (the Italian term), to emphasize Malipiero's fundamentally Italian, anti-Germanic approach. He remarked:
As Ernest Ansermet
once declared, "these symphonies are not thematic but 'motivic': that is to say Malipiero uses melodic motifs like everyone else [...] they generate other motifs, they reappear, but they do not carry the musical discourse -they are, rather, carried by it".
.
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
composer, musicologist, music teacher and editor
Editing
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information through the processes of correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate, and complete...
.
Early years
Born in VeniceVenice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
into an aristocratic family, the grandson of the opera composer Francesco Malipiero
Francesco Malipiero
Francesco Malipiero was an Italian composer. He was the father of conductor and pianist Luigi Malipiero and the grandfather of composer and musicologist Gian Francesco Malipiero. Trained in Venice, he composed a large number of operas; many of which premiered at La Fenice...
, Gian Francesco Malipiero was prevented by family troubles from pursuing his musical education in a consistent manner. His father separated from his mother in 1893 and took Gian Francesco to Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
, Berlin and eventually to Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
. The young Malipiero and his father broke up their relationship bitterly, and in 1899 Malipiero returned to his mother's home in Venice, where he entered the Liceo Musicale.
After stopping counterpoint
Counterpoint
In music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more voices that are independent in contour and rhythm and are harmonically interdependent . It has been most commonly identified in classical music, developing strongly during the Renaissance and in much of the common practice period,...
lessons with the composer, organist and pedagogue Marco Enrico Bossi
Marco Enrico Bossi
Marco Enrico Bossi was an Italian organist, composer, improviser and pedagogue.-Life:Bossi was born in Salò, a town in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, into a family of musicians. His father, Pietro, was organist at Salò Cathedral, which has a one-manual organ built by Fratelli Serassi from 1865...
, Malipiero continued studying on his own by copying out music by such composers as Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, gambist, and singer.Monteverdi's work, often regarded as revolutionary, marked the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period. He developed two individual styles of composition – the...
and Girolamo Frescobaldi
Girolamo Frescobaldi
Girolamo Frescobaldi was a musician from Ferrara, one of the most important composers of keyboard music in the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. A child prodigy, Frescobaldi studied under Luzzasco Luzzaschi in Ferrara, but was influenced by a large number of composers, including Ascanio...
from the Biblioteca Marciana
Biblioteca Marciana
The Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana is a library and Renaissance building in Venice, northern Italy; it is one of the earliest surviving public manuscript depositories in the country, holding one of the greatest classical texts collections in the world. The library is named after St. Mark, the...
, in Venice, thereby beginning a lifelong commitment to Italian music of that period. In 1904 he went to Bologna
Bologna
Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...
and sought out Bossi to continue his studies, at the Bologna Liceo Musicale ("Music High School"). After graduating, Malipiero became an assistant to the blind composer Antonio Smareglia
Antonio Smareglia
Antonio Smareglia was an Austro-Hungarian opera composer of Italian ethnicity.-Life:Antonio Smareglia was born in the town of Pola , in a house on Via Nettuno which still stands and in which there is now a small museum of his life and work...
.
Musical career
In 1905 Malipiero returned to Venice, but from 1906 and 1909 was often in Berlin, following Max BruchMax Bruch
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch , also known as Max Karl August Bruch, was a German Romantic composer and conductor who wrote over 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin repertoire.-Life:Bruch was born in Cologne, Rhine Province, where he...
classes. Later, in 1913, Malipiero moved to Paris, where he became acquainted with compositions by Ravel
Maurice Ravel
Joseph-Maurice Ravel was a French composer known especially for his melodies, orchestral and instrumental textures and effects...
, Debussy
Claude Debussy
Claude-Achille Debussy was a French composer. Along with Maurice Ravel, he was one of the most prominent figures working within the field of impressionist music, though he himself intensely disliked the term when applied to his compositions...
, De Falla
Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish Andalusian composer of classical music. With Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados and Joaquín Turina he is one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century....
, Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School...
, Berg
Alban Berg
Alban Maria Johannes Berg was an Austrian composer. He was a member of the Second Viennese School with Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern, and produced compositions that combined Mahlerian Romanticism with a personal adaptation of Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique.-Early life:Berg was born in...
. Most importantly, he attended the première of Stravinsky
Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky ; 6 April 1971) was a Russian, later naturalized French, and then naturalized American composer, pianist, and conductor....
's Le Sacre du Printemps, soon after meeting Alfredo Casella
Alfredo Casella
Alfredo Casella was an Italian composer, pianist and conductor.- Life and career :Casella was born in Turin; his family included many musicians; his grandfather, a friend of Paganini's, was first cello in the San Carlo Theatre in Lisbon and eventually was soloist in the Royal Chapel in Turin...
and Gabriele d'Annunzio
Gabriele D'Annunzio
Gabriele D'Annunzio or d'Annunzio was an Italian poet, journalist, novelist, and dramatist...
. He described the experience as an awakening "from a long and dangerous lethargy". After that, he repudiated almost all the compositions he had written up to that time, with the exception of Impressioni dal vero (1910–11) At that time he won four composition prizes at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia
Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia
The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world, based in Italy.It is based at the Auditorium Parco della Musica in Rome, and was founded by the papal bull, Ratione congruit, issued by Sixtus V in 1585, which invoked two saints prominent in Western...
in Rome, by entering five compositions under five different pseudonyms.
In 1917, due to the Italian defeat at Caporetto
Battle of Caporetto
The Battle of Caporetto , took place from 24 October to 19 November 1917, near the town of Kobarid , on the Austro-Italian front of World War I...
, he was forced to flee from Venice and settled in Rome.
In 1923, he joined with Alfredo Casella and Gabriele D'Annunzio
Gabriele D'Annunzio
Gabriele D'Annunzio or d'Annunzio was an Italian poet, journalist, novelist, and dramatist...
in creating the Corporazione delle Nuove Musiche
Corporazione delle Nuove Musiche
The Corporazione delle Nuove Musiche was founded in 1923 by Alfredo Casella as a successor organization to his early Società Italiana di Musica Moderna ....
. Malipiero was on good terms with Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
until he set Pirandello
Luigi Pirandello
Luigi Pirandello was an Italian dramatist, novelist, and short story writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934, for his "bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written...
's libretto La favola del figlio cambiato, earning the condemnation of the fascists. Malipiero dedicated his next opera, Giulio Cesare, to Mussolini, but this did not help him.
He was a professor of composition at the Parma Conservatory from 1921 to 1924. In 1932 he became professor of composition at the then Venice Liceo Musicale
Conservatorio di Musica Benedetto Marcello di Venezia
The Conservatorio di Musica Benedetto Marcello di Venezia is a conservatory in Venice, Italy named after composer Benedetto Marcello and established in 1876.-History:...
, which he directed from 1939 to 1952. Among others, he taught Luigi Nono
Luigi Nono
Luigi Nono was an Italian avant-garde composer of classical music and remains one of the most prominent composers of the 20th century.- Early years :Born in Venice, he was a member of a wealthy artistic family, and his grandfather was a notable painter...
and his own nephew Riccardo Malipiero
Riccardo Malipiero
Riccardo Malipiero was an Italian composer, pianist, and music educator. He was awarded the gold medal by the city of Milan in 1977 and by the city of Varese in 1984....
.
After permanently settling in the little town of Asolo
Asolo
Asolo is a town and comune in the Veneto Region of Northern Italy. It is known as "The Pearl of the province of Treviso", and also as "The City of a Hundred Horizons" for its mountain settings.-History:...
in 1923, Malipiero began the editorial work for which he would become best known, a complete edition of all of Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, gambist, and singer.Monteverdi's work, often regarded as revolutionary, marked the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period. He developed two individual styles of composition – the...
's oeuvre, from 1926 to 1942, and after 1952, editing much of Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , nicknamed because of his red hair, was an Italian Baroque composer, priest, and virtuoso violinist, born in Venice. Vivaldi is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe...
's concerti at the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi.
Compositions
Malipiero had an ambivalent attitude towards the musical tradition dominated by Austro-German composers, and instead insisted on the rediscovery of pre-19th century Italian music.His orchestral works include seventeen compositions he called symphonies, of which however only eleven are numbered. The first was composed in 1933, when Malipiero was already over fifty years old. Prior to that, Malipiero had written several important orchestral pieces but avoided the word "sinfonia" (symphony) almost completely. This was due to his rejection of the Austro-German symphonic tradition. The only exceptions to that are the three compositions Sinfonia degli eroi (1905), Sinfonia del mare (1906) and Sinfonie del silenzio e della morte (1909–1910). In such early works, the label "symphony" should not, however, be interpreted as indicating works in the Beethovenian
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...
or Brahmsian
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...
symphonic style, but more as symphonic poems.
When asked in the mid-1950s by the British encyclopedia The World of Music, Malipiero listed as his most important compositions the following pieces:
- Pause del Silenzio for the orchestra, composed in 1917
- Rispetti e Strambotti for the chamber music, composed in 1920
- L'Orfeide for the stage, composed between 1918 and 1922, and first performed in 1924
- La Passione, a mystery play composed in 1935
- his nine symphonies, composed between 1933 and 1955 (he would compose additional symphonies in the years after this list was made)
He regarded Impressioni dal vero, for orchestra, as his earliest work of lasting importance.
Musical theory and style
Even if Malipiero rarely, if ever, dealt with dodecaphony, he was strongly critical of sonataSonata
Sonata , in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to a cantata , a piece sung. The term, being vague, naturally evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms prior to the Classical era...
form and, in general, of standard thematic development in composition. He declared:
Malipiero's musical language is characterized by an extreme formal freedom; he always renounced the academic discipline of variation
Variation (music)
In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve harmony, melody, counterpoint, rhythm, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these.-Variation form:...
, preferring the more anarchic expression of song, and he avoided falling into program music
Program music
Program music or programme music is a type of art music that attempts to musically render an extra-musical narrative. The narrative itself might be offered to the audience in the form of program notes, inviting imaginative correlations with the music...
descriptivism. Until the first half of the 1950s, Malipiero remained tied to diatonism, maintaining a connection with the pre-19th century Italian instrumental music and Gregorian chant, moving then slowly to increasingly eerie and tense territories that put him closer to total chromaticism. He did not abandon his previous style but he reinvented it. In his latest pages, it is possible to recognize suggestions from his pupils Luigi Nono
Luigi Nono
Luigi Nono was an Italian avant-garde composer of classical music and remains one of the most prominent composers of the 20th century.- Early years :Born in Venice, he was a member of a wealthy artistic family, and his grandfather was a notable painter...
and Bruno Maderna
Bruno Maderna
Bruno Maderna was an Italian conductor and composer. For the last ten years of his life he lived in Germany and eventually became a citizen of that country.-Biography:...
.
His compositions are based on free, non-thematic passages as much as in thematic composition, and seldom do movements end in the keys in which they started.
When Malipiero approached the symphony, he did not do so in the so-called post-Beethovenian sense, and for this reason authors rather described his works as "sinfonias" (the Italian term), to emphasize Malipiero's fundamentally Italian, anti-Germanic approach. He remarked:
As Ernest Ansermet
Ernest Ansermet
Ernest Alexandre Ansermet was a Swiss conductor.- Biography :Ansermet was born in Vevey, Switzerland. Although he was a contemporary of Wilhelm Furtwängler and Otto Klemperer, Ansermet represents in most ways a very different tradition and approach from those two musicians. Originally he was a...
once declared, "these symphonies are not thematic but 'motivic': that is to say Malipiero uses melodic motifs like everyone else [...] they generate other motifs, they reappear, but they do not carry the musical discourse -they are, rather, carried by it".
Reception
Recently, Malpiero's piano repertoire, including his complete concertos, has experienced a revival at the hands of noted Italian pianist Sandro Ivo BartoliSandro Ivo Bartoli
Sandro Ivo Bartoli was born in Pisa in 1970. Having begun his musical studies at the age of twelve, at fifteen he gave his first public recital. He studied at the Boccherini Musical Institute in Lucca and at the Florence State Conservatory with Giancarlo Cardini, receiving his Professorship in 1991...
.
Orchestral music
- Sinfonia degli eroi (1905)
- Sinfonia del mare (1906)
- Sinfonia del silenzio e de la morte (1909–1910)
- Impressioni dal vero prima parte (1910)
- Impressioni dal vero seconda parte (1915)
- Pause del Silenzio (1917)
- Cimarosiana (1921), five symphonic fragments from keyboard works of CimarosaDomenico CimarosaDomenico Cimarosa was an Italian opera composer of the Neapolitan school...
- Impressioni dal vero terza parte (1922)
- Concerti (1931)
- Concerto n.1 for Piano and OrchestraOrchestraAn orchestra is a sizable instrumental ensemble that contains sections of string, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. The term orchestra derives from the Greek ορχήστρα, the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus...
(1931) - Inni (1932)
- Concerto n.1 for Violin and Orchestra (1932)
- Sette Invenzioni (1933)
- Sinfonia n.1 "In quattro tempi, come le quattro stagioni" (1933)
- Sinfonia n.2 "Elegiaca" (1936)
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra (1937)
- Concerto n.2 for Piano and Orchestra (1937)
- Concerto a tre for Violin, Cello, Piano and Orchestra (1938)
- Sinfonia n.3 "Delle campane" (1944–1945)
- Sinfonia n.4 "In memoriam" (1946)
- Sinfonia n.5 "Concertante in eco" (1947)
- Sinfonia n.6 "Degli archi" (1947)
- Sinfonia n.7 "Delle canzoni" (1948)
- Concerto n.3 per pianoforte e orchestra (1948)
- Concerto n.4 per pianoforte e orchestra (1950)
- Sinfonia in un tempo (1950)
- Sinfonia dello Zodiaco "Quattro partite: dalla primavera all'inverno" (1951)
- Vivaldiana (1952)
- Passacaglie (1952)
- Fantasie di ogni giorno (1953)
- Elegia capriccio (1953)
- Fantasie concertanti (1954)
- Notturno di canti e balli (1957)
- Concerto n.5 for Piano and Orchestra (1958)
- Sinfonia per Antigenida (1962)
- Concerto n.2 for Violin and Orchestra (1963)
- Sinfonia n.8 "Symphonia brevis" (1964)
- Concerto n.6 for Piano and Orchestra (1964)
- Sinfonia n.9 "Dell'Ahimè" (1966)
- Sinfonia n.10 "Atropo" (1966–1967)
- Concerto per flautoFlautoFlauto can refer to:*a recorder if flauto dolce, flauto a becco or flauto diritto*a flute if flauto traverso...
e orchestra (1968) - Sinfonia n.11 "Delle cornamuse" (1969)
- Gabrieliana (1971)
- Omaggio a Belmonte (1971)
Operas
- L'OrfeideL'OrfeideL'Orfeide is an opera composed by Gian Francesco Malipiero who also wrote the Italian libretto, partly based on the myth of Orpheus and incorporating texts by Italian Renaissance poets. The work consists of three parts – La morte delle maschere , Sette canzoni , and Orfeo, ovvero L'ottava canzone...
(1919–1922, DüsseldorfDüsseldorfDüsseldorf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and centre of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region.Düsseldorf is an important international business and financial centre and renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. Located centrally within the European Megalopolis, the...
1925), in tre parti: - I "La morte delle maschere",
- II "Sette canzoni",
- III "Orfeo"
- Tre commedie goldonianeCarlo GoldoniCarlo Osvaldo Goldoni was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice. His works include some of Italy's most famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays of Goldoni for their ingenious mix of wit and honesty...
(1920–1922, DarmstadtDarmstadtDarmstadt is a city in the Bundesland of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine Main Area.The sandy soils in the Darmstadt area, ill-suited for agriculture in times before industrial fertilisation, prevented any larger settlement from developing, until the city became the seat...
1926) : - I "La bottega da caffè",
- II "Sior Todero Brontolon",
- III "Le baruffe Chiozotte"
- Filomela e l'infatuato (1925, PraguePraguePrague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
1928) - Torneo notturnoTorneo notturnoTorneo notturno is an opera by the Italian composer Gian Francesco Malipiero. It was first performed at the Nationaltheater, Munich on 15 May 1931. The libretto, by the composer, is based on works by Serafino Aquilano, Francesco Sacchetti and Tuscan folk songs.The work is made up of seven scenes...
(1929) - La favola del figlio cambiato (librettoLibrettoA libretto is the text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata, or musical. The term "libretto" is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as mass, requiem, and sacred cantata, or even the story line of a...
di Luigi PirandelloLuigi PirandelloLuigi Pirandello was an Italian dramatist, novelist, and short story writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934, for his "bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written...
, 1933) - Giulio Cesare (da Shakespeare (1935, GenoaGenoaGenoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
1936) - Antonio e Cleopatra (da Shakespeare, 1937, FlorenceFlorenceFlorence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
1938) - I capricci di Callot (da E.T.A. HoffmannE.T.A. HoffmannErnst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann , better known by his pen name E.T.A. Hoffmann , was a German Romantic author of fantasy and horror, a jurist, composer, music critic, draftsman and caricaturist...
, 1942, Rome 1942) - L'allegra brigata (1943, Milan 1950)
- Mondi celesti ed infernali (1949, Venice 1961)
- Il figliuol prodigo (1952, Florence 1957)
- Donna Urraca, atto unico (1954)
- Venere prigioniera (1955, Florence 1957)
- Il marescalco (1960, TrevisoTrevisoTreviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
1969) - Don Giovanni (1963, NaplesNaplesNaples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
) - Rappresentazione e festa di Carnasciale e della Quaresima (Opera balletto, 1961, Venice 1970)
- Le metamorfosi di Bonaventura (Venice 1966)
- Don Tartufo bacchettone (1966, Venice 1970)
- Iscariota (1971)
Chamber music
- Sonata for Cello and Piano (1907–1908)
- Canto della Lontananza for Violin and Piano (1919)
- String Quartet n.1 "Rispetti e strambotti" (1920)
- String Quartet n.2 "Stornelli e ballate" (1923)
- String Quartet n.3 "Cantari alla madrigalesca" (1931)
- Epodi e giambi for Violin, oboeOboeThe oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. In English, prior to 1770, the instrument was called "hautbois" , "hoboy", or "French hoboy". The spelling "oboe" was adopted into English ca...
, viola e fagotto (1932) - String Quartet n.4 (1934)
- Sonata a cinque per flauto, arpaARPAArpa and ARPA may refer to:Arpa* Arpa River in Armenia* Areni, Armenia - formerly called Arpa* Arpi, Armenia, also called Arpa* Turkish for Akhurian River in Turkey and Armenia* Italian for harp, sometimes used in scoresARPA...
, viola, violino e violoncello (1934) - String Quartet n.5 "dei capricci" (1941–1950)
- Sonatina for Cello and Piano (1942)
- String Quartet n.6 "l'Arca di Noé" (1947)
- String Quartet n.7 (1950)
- Sonata a quattro for flute, oboe, clarinetClarinetThe clarinet is a musical instrument of woodwind type. The name derives from adding the suffix -et to the Italian word clarino , as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed...
and bassoon (1954) - Serenata mattutina per 10 strumenti (1959)
- Serenata per fagotto e 10 strumenti (1961)
- Macchine per 14 strumenti (1963)
- String Quartet n.8 "per Elisabetta" (1964)
- Endecatode per 14 strumenti e percussione (1966)
Vocal works
- Tre poesie di Angelo Poliziano (1920)
- San Francesco d'Assisi, mistero per soli, coro e orchestra (1920–1921, New York 1922)
- Quattro sonetti del Burchiello (1921)
- Due sonetti del Berni (1922)
- Le Stagioni Italiche per sopranoSopranoA soprano is a voice type with a vocal range from approximately middle C to "high A" in choral music, or to "soprano C" or higher in operatic music. In four-part chorale style harmony, the soprano takes the highest part, which usually encompasses the melody...
e pianoforte (1923, Venise 1925) - La Cena, cantataCantataA cantata is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir....
per coro e orchestra (1927, RochesterRochester, New YorkRochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Known as The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City...
1929) - Commiato per una voce di baritono e orchestra (1934)
- La Passione, cantata per coro e orchestra (Rome 1935)
- De Profundis per una voce, viola e bass drumBass drumBass drums are percussion instruments that can vary in size and are used in several musical genres. Three major types of bass drums can be distinguished. The type usually seen or heard in orchestral, ensemble or concert band music is the orchestral, or concert bass drum . It is the largest drum of...
e pianoforte (Venise 1937) - Missa Pro Mortuis per baritono, coro e orchestra (Rome 1938)
- Quattro Vecchie Canzoni per voce e strumenti (1940, WashingtonWashington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
1941) - Santa Eufrosina, mistero per soprano, due baritoni, coro e orchestra (Rome 1942)
- Le Sette Allegrezze d'Amore per voce e strumenti (Milan 1945)
- La Terra, dalle Georgiche di VirgilVirgilPublius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English , was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues , the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid...
io (1946) - Mondi celesti for soprano and ten instruments (1948, CapriCapriCapri is an Italian island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples, in the Campania region of Southern Italy...
1949) - La Festa della Sensa per baritone, chorus and orchestra (1949–1950, BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
1954) - Cinque favole (1950)
- Preludio e morte di Macbeth for baritone and orchestra (1958, Milan 1960)
- Sette canzonette veneziane for voice and piano (1960)
Piano music
- 6 morceaux (6 pezzi) (1905)
- Bizzarrie luminose dell'alba, del meriggio, della notte (1908)
- 3 danze antiche (1910)
- Poemetti lunari (1909–10)
- Tre improvisi per Pianola
- Impressioni (vor 1914)
- Preludi autunnali (1914)
- Poemi asolani (1916)
- Barlumi (1917)
- Maschere che passano (1918)
- Risonanze (1918)
- La siesta (1920)
- A Claude Debussy (1920)
- Omaggi: a un pappagallo, a un elefante, a un idiota (1920)
- Cavalcate (1921)
- Il tarlo (1922)
- Pasqua di resurrezione (1924)
- 3 preludi e una fuga (1926)
- Epitaffio (1931)
- Prélude à une fugue imaginaire (1932)
- I minuetti di Ca'Tiepolo (1932)
- Preludio, ritmi e canti gregoriani (1937)
- Preludio e fuga (1940)
- Hortus conclusus (1946)
- Stradivario für 2 Klaviere (1955)
- Dialogo no.2 für 2 Klaviere (1955)
- 5 studi per domani (1959)
- Variazione sulla pantomima dell'"Amor brujo" di Manuel de Falla (1959)
- Bianchi e neri (1964)