Gibberella
Encyclopedia
Gibberella is a genus
of fungus in the Nectriaceae
family. In 1926, Japan
ese scientist
s observed that rice
plants infected with Gibberella had abnormally long stems
("foolish seedling disease"). A substance, gibberellin
, was derived from this fungus. Gibberellin is a plant hormone
that promotes cell
elongation
, flower
formation, and seedling
growth.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of fungus in the Nectriaceae
Nectriaceae
Nectriaceae is a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales.-List of genera:This is an incomplete list of genera in the Nectriaceae family:*Albonectria*Allonectella*Calonectria*Calostilbe*Calostilbella*Corallomycetella...
family. In 1926, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese scientist
Scientist
A scientist in a broad sense is one engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge. In a more restricted sense, a scientist is an individual who uses the scientific method. The person may be an expert in one or more areas of science. This article focuses on the more restricted use of the word...
s observed that rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
plants infected with Gibberella had abnormally long stems
Plant stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, inflorescence , conifer cones, roots, other stems etc. The internodes distance one node from another...
("foolish seedling disease"). A substance, gibberellin
Gibberellin
Gibberellins are plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, sex expression, enzyme induction, and leaf and fruit senescence....
, was derived from this fungus. Gibberellin is a plant hormone
Plant hormone
Plant hormones are chemicals that regulate plant growth, which, in the UK, are termed 'plant growth substances'. Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant, and occur in extremely low concentrations. Hormones regulate cellular processes in targeted cells locally and, when moved...
that promotes cell
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos....
elongation
Elongation
In astronomy, a planet's elongation is the angle between the Sun and the planet, as viewed from Earth. Elongations occur when an inner planet’s position, in its orbital path, is at tangent to the view from Earth. Because these inner planets are inside the Earth’s orbits their positions as viewed...
, flower
Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs...
formation, and seedling
Seedling
thumb|Monocot and dicot seedlingsA seedling is a young plant sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of three main parts: the radicle , the hypocotyl , and the cotyledons...
growth.
Species
- Gibberella acerina
- Gibberella acervalis
- Gibberella acuminataGibberella acuminataGibberella acuminata is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella africana
- Gibberella agglomerata
- Gibberella atrofuliginea
- Gibberella atrorufa
- Gibberella australis
- Gibberella avenaceaGibberella avenaceaGibberella avenacea is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella baccataGibberella baccataGibberella baccata is a fungal plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella bambusae
- Gibberella bolusiellae
- Gibberella bresadolae
- Gibberella briosiana
- Gibberella butleri
- Gibberella buxi
- Gibberella cantareirensis
- Gibberella cicatrisata
- Gibberella circinata
- Gibberella coffeae
- Gibberella coronicola
- Gibberella creberrima
- Gibberella culmicola
- Gibberella cyanea
- Gibberella cyanogenaGibberella cyanogenaGibberella cyanogena is a fungal plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella cyanospora
- Gibberella cylindrospora
- Gibberella effusa
- Gibberella engleriana
- Gibberella euonymi
- Gibberella ficina
- Gibberella flacca
- Gibberella fujikuroiGibberella fujikuroiGibberella fujikuroi is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes bakanae disease in rice seedlings, by overloading them with the phytohormone gibberellin as its own metabolic byproduct.- External links :* * *...
- G. fujikuroi var. subglutinansGibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinansGibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans is a fungal plant pathogen.-External links:* *...
- G. fujikuroi var. subglutinans
- Gibberella fusispora
- Gibberella gaditjirrii
- Gibberella gordonii
- Gibberella gossypina
- Gibberella heterochroma
- Gibberella hostae
- Gibberella imperatae
- Gibberella indica
- Gibberella intricansGibberella intricansGibberella intricans is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella juniperi
- Gibberella konza
- Gibberella lagerheimii
- Gibberella lateritia
- Gibberella longispora
- Gibberella macrolopha
- Gibberella malvacearum
- Gibberella mapaniae
- Gibberella maxima
- Gibberella nemorosa
- Gibberella nygamai
- Gibberella parasitica
- Gibberella passiflorae
- Gibberella phyllostachydicola
- Gibberella polycocca
- Gibberella pseudopulicaris
- Gibberella pulicarisGibberella pulicarisGibberella pulicaris is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella quinqueseptata
- Gibberella rhododendricola
- Gibberella rugosa
- Gibberella sacchari
- Gibberella spiraeae
- Gibberella stilboidesGibberella stilboidesGibberella stilboides is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella subtropica
- Gibberella thapsina
- Gibberella tilakii
- Gibberella tricinctaGibberella tricinctaGibberella tricincta is a fungal plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella tritici
- Gibberella tropicalis
- Gibberella tumida
- Gibberella ulicis
- Gibberella venezuelana
- Gibberella violacea
- Gibberella vitis
- Gibberella xylarioidesGibberella xylarioidesGibberella xylarioides is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Gibberella zeaeGibberella zeaeGibberella zeae, also known by the name of its anamorph Fusarium graminearum, is a plant pathogen which causes the wheat headblight disease. Fusarium head blight is a devastating disease on wheat and barley. The pathogen is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year...
