Giuseppe Rosaroll
Encyclopedia
Giuseppe Maria Rosaroll-Scorza (Naples
, 1775 – Nauplia, 1825) was a general, a patriot and an Italian essayist. General in the Army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
he was killed in action fighting for the independence of Greece
. He was also the father of the Italian
patriot Cesare Rosaroll.
and was appointed captain. Captured by the Sanfedisti and condemned to death he escaped repairing in France; then he re-entered in Italy with Napoleon Bonaparte serving in the Italian Legion.
Rosaroll fought in the Battle of Marengo, later entering in the Army of the Cisalpine Republic
. In Milan he wrote his famous treatise on the Art of the fencing.
He returned to Naples with general Masséna in 1806. For his brave conduct in the campaign of Sicily of 1811 with Joachim Murat
, in 1812 he achieved the rank of Maréchal de camp and was created Baron of the Empire. Again with general Murat he participated to the Russian campaign
.
After the Restoration (1815) Giuseppe Rosaroll received from king Ferdinand of Bourbon (Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
) the command of a brigade and then of the division of Messina. In this period he wrote numerous treatises on military technique.
As commander of Messina in March 1821 he tried to organize the military forces of the Two Sicilies stationed in Sicily
and Calabria
for an extreme resistance against the Austrians entered in the Kingdom in order to repress the Constitutional Revolt of 1820.
Forced to escape to a death sentence for this act (sentence of 27 February 1823), he went in Spain
where he joined the ranks of the liberal constitutionalist forces (1822–23). When, in the spring of the 1823, the Spanish revolution was suffocated by the intervention of the reactionary forces of the French Army, general Giuseppe Rosaroll moved again first to England and then to Greece in order to help the Greeks in the fight for their independence. He died in combat in Nauplia fighting as a simple soldier, before obtaining any commission in the Greek Revolutionary Army.
His son Cesare too will die fighting for Freedom at Venice in 1849.
Historian of fencing Jacopo Gelli considered Rosaroll and Pietro Grisetti as the regenerators of the true "Scuola Napoletana" of fencing, both were students of Tommaso Bosco e Fucile who was a Maestro
of fencing in Naples
.
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, 1775 – Nauplia, 1825) was a general, a patriot and an Italian essayist. General in the Army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, commonly known as the Two Sicilies even before formally coming into being, was the largest and wealthiest of the Italian states before Italian unification...
he was killed in action fighting for the independence of Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
. He was also the father of the Italian
Italian people
The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
patriot Cesare Rosaroll.
Biography
Born in Naples from a family of Swiss origin he entered as a cadet in the Neapolitan Army in 1793. In 1799 he joined the Parthenopaean RepublicParthenopaean Republic
The Parthenopean Republic was a French-supported republic in the territory of the Kingdom of Naples, formed during the French Revolutionary Wars after King Ferdinand IV fled before advancing French troops...
and was appointed captain. Captured by the Sanfedisti and condemned to death he escaped repairing in France; then he re-entered in Italy with Napoleon Bonaparte serving in the Italian Legion.
Rosaroll fought in the Battle of Marengo, later entering in the Army of the Cisalpine Republic
Cisalpine Republic
The Cisalpine Republic was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802.-Birth:After the Battle of Lodi in May 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte proceeded to organize two states: one to the south of the Po River, the Cispadane Republic, and one to the north, the Transpadane...
. In Milan he wrote his famous treatise on the Art of the fencing.
He returned to Naples with general Masséna in 1806. For his brave conduct in the campaign of Sicily of 1811 with Joachim Murat
Joachim Murat
Joachim-Napoléon Murat , Marshal of France and Grand Admiral or Admiral of France, 1st Prince Murat, was Grand Duke of Berg from 1806 to 1808 and then King of Naples from 1808 to 1815...
, in 1812 he achieved the rank of Maréchal de camp and was created Baron of the Empire. Again with general Murat he participated to the Russian campaign
Russian Campaign
The Russian campaign may refer to:* the Russian Campaign of Napoleon in 1812 * the World War II on the Eastern Front * The Russian Campaign, a strategic board wargame of the World War II on the Eastern Front 1941-1945....
.
After the Restoration (1815) Giuseppe Rosaroll received from king Ferdinand of Bourbon (Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I reigned variously over Naples, Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. On 10 August 1759, Charles succeeded his elder brother, Ferdinand VI, as King Charles III of Spain...
) the command of a brigade and then of the division of Messina. In this period he wrote numerous treatises on military technique.
As commander of Messina in March 1821 he tried to organize the military forces of the Two Sicilies stationed in Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
and Calabria
Calabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
for an extreme resistance against the Austrians entered in the Kingdom in order to repress the Constitutional Revolt of 1820.
Forced to escape to a death sentence for this act (sentence of 27 February 1823), he went in Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
where he joined the ranks of the liberal constitutionalist forces (1822–23). When, in the spring of the 1823, the Spanish revolution was suffocated by the intervention of the reactionary forces of the French Army, general Giuseppe Rosaroll moved again first to England and then to Greece in order to help the Greeks in the fight for their independence. He died in combat in Nauplia fighting as a simple soldier, before obtaining any commission in the Greek Revolutionary Army.
His son Cesare too will die fighting for Freedom at Venice in 1849.
Historian of fencing Jacopo Gelli considered Rosaroll and Pietro Grisetti as the regenerators of the true "Scuola Napoletana" of fencing, both were students of Tommaso Bosco e Fucile who was a Maestro
Maestro
Maestro is a title of extreme respect given to a master musician. The term is most commonly used in the context of Western classical music and opera. This is associated with the ubiquitous use of Italian vocabulary for classical music terms...
of fencing in Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
.
Sources
- Jacopo Gelli: "Bibliografia Generale della Scherma con Note Critiche, Biografiche e Storiche", pagine 170, Tipografia Editrice di Luigi Niccolai, Firenze 1890.
See also
Italian school of swordsmanshipItalian school of swordsmanship
The term Italian school of swordsmanship is used to describe the Italian style of fencing and edged-weapon combat from the time of the first extant Italian swordsmanship treatise to the days of Classical Fencing ....