Grodzisko Górne
Encyclopedia
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisko Dolne
Gmina Grodzisko Dolne
Gmina Grodzisko Dolne is a rural gmina in Leżajsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Grodzisko Dolne, which lies approximately south of Leżajsk and north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its...
, within Leżajsk County
Lezajsk County
Leżajsk County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Leżajsk, which lies...
, Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...
, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Grodzisko Dolne
Grodzisko Dolne
Grodzisko Dolne is a village in Leżajsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Grodzisko Dolne. It lies approximately south of Leżajsk and north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.-References:...
, 9 km (6 mi) south of Leżajsk
Lezajsk
Leżajsk is a town in southeastern Poland with 14,127 inhabitants . It has been situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship since 1999 and is the capital of Leżajsk County. Leżajsk is famed for its Bernadine basilica and monastery, built by the architect Antonio Pellacini...
, and 36 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów
Rzeszów
Rzeszów is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley...
.
The village is situated on the Wisłok river, which flows into the San river
San River
The San is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, a tributary of the Vistula River, with a length of 433 km and a basin area of 16,861 km2...
in Łańcut, on the edge of a Ruthenian
Ruthenians
The name Ruthenian |Rus']]) is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used. Initially, it was the ethnonym used for the East Slavic peoples who lived in Rus'. Later it was used predominantly for Ukrainians...
settlement. The village separated itself as an independent administrative and economic unit from Grodzisko Dolne in 1786, along with another village called Grodzisko Nowe. In some cases, especially in immigration records, the two are referred to as one town called Grodzisko. The name Grodzisko comes from the word Gord
Gord (Slavic settlement)
Gord is a medieval Slavic fortified settlement. This Proto-Slavic word for town or city, later differentiated into grad , gard, gorod , etc. The ancient peoples were known for building wooden fortified settlements...
, denoting a Slavic
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
settlement. Grodzisko Górne itself was formerly a defensive settlement, as it is on the border with the Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. In 1881, an archaeological group from Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
received a warrant to research the history of Grodzisko Górne. They found imprints of ancient settlements, probably dating back to immigrants from the 4th to 5th centuries. These archaeological works are still in progress today.
It is bordered by a canyon, whose north bank provided much of the defense for this village. In the village there is an ancient manor house, which was opened for tourism in the 19th century. It is maintained by a priest from Grodzisko Górne, Wojciech Micha.
The village employs many of the wage earners who reside in the rural commune of Grodzisko Dolne. The main industry is cloth manufacturing. Locally famous cloth markets are organized there. For farming, the major estate has 332 morgs of farmland and 58 meadows and gardens. The minor estate has 3200 morgs of farmland, 341 morgs of meadows and gardens, 216 morgs of pasture land and 428 morgs of forest.
Today there is a three-grade schoolhouse and a post office in the village, serving its population of 5094, including 364 Jews.
Territorial membership
- 1340–1772: administrative unit of L'viv, in the Ruthenian VoivodeshipRuthenian VoivodeshipRuthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Bełz Voivodeship, it formed Lesser Poland Province with its capital city in Kraków. Part of Lesser Poland region...
. In 1754, the Roman Catholic parishParishA parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
known as loco was constructed. - 1772–1918: in the Kingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaKingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaThe Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria was a crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, and Austria–Hungary from 1772 to 1918 .This historical region in eastern Central Europe is currently divided between Poland and Ukraine...
, under the Austrian EmpireAustrian EmpireThe Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
. The registered population of Grodzisko Dolne and Grodzisko Górne combined was 2181 (in 1857). The owner of the village during this time was Anthony Kellermann. - 1918–1939: in the powiat of Łańcut, within the L'viv VoivodeshipLwów VoivodeshipLwów Voivodeship was an administrative unit of interwar Poland . According to Nazis and Soviets it ceased to exist in September 1939, following German and Soviet aggression on Poland . The Polish underground administration existed till August 1944.-Population:Its capital, biggest and most...
. The population was 2273 in 1930. - 1945–1998: located in the Rzeszów VoivodeshipRzeszów VoivodeshipRzeszów Voivodeship can refer to one of two political entities in Poland:Rzeszów Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government from 1975 to 1998, superseded by Podkarpackie Voivodeship...
Landlords of Grodzisko Górne
- In the 14th century, the village was part of the PrzeworskPrzeworskPrzeworsk Ukrainian: Переворськ, is a town in south-eastern Poland with 15,675 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Since 1999 it has been in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, and is the capital of Przeworsk County....
-Jarosław estate, which belonged to the Leliwita, TarnowskiTarnowskiTarnowski is the surname of a Polish szlachta family. Because Polish adjectives have different forms for the genders, Tarnowska is the form for a female family member.-History:...
, and Jaroslawski families. - When Lord Hieronim of Jarosław and Przeworsk died without children, ownership of the village was passed to Jan Leliwita, a countCountA count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
who resided in TarnówTarnówTarnów is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection...
. Jan Leliwita was married to Zofia Odrawaz. - In the late 16th century, ownership was later passed to Aleksander Konstanty Ostrogski. When he died, it was passed to his daughter, Zofia, who married Stanisław Lubomirski, voivode of Kraków and the owner of Łańcut.
- When his estate was divided, Grodzisko belonged to the branch of the LubomirskiLubomirskiLubomirski family is a Polish szlachta family. The family used the "Szreniawa without a cross" arms and their motto was: Nil conscire sibi ....
family who owned Przeworsk. - The last Lord of Grodzisko was Marcin Lubomirski, who sold the village in 1779 to Maciej Aleksander Borzecki.
- In 1787, it belonged to Michal Drohojewski and later the Kellermann family. Anthony Kellermann still owned it in 1868.
- On the turn of the century, Grodzisko belonged to the baronBaronBaron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
ess Domicela Branhidy. Only the farm and the manor in Grodzisko Dolne survived through World War II. They were owned by Zygmunt and Irena Litynski.
History
- According to local tradition, Grodzisko was first established by King Boleslaw I of PolandBoleslaw I of PolandBolesław I Chrobry , in the past also known as Bolesław I the Great , was a Duke of Poland from 992-1025 and the first King of Poland from 19 April 1025 until his death...
in the 11th century. This is mentioned in historical documents in Przeworsk dating back to the 14th century. - PolishPolesthumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
charter books from 1929-1930 state: - Schools and pay offices in Grodzisko Górne borrow money to help the local economy.
- Village midwife: M. Rydzik
Attractions
- There are habitable, wooden residences with embellished porches dating back to the 19th and 20th centuries.
- A shrineShrineA shrine is a holy or sacred place, which is dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon or similar figure of awe and respect, at which they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated....
, located on the border with the village of Biedaczowa, was endowed in 1895. It is made of brick and enclosed within a quadrangleQuadrangle (architecture)In architecture, a quadrangle is a space or courtyard, usually rectangular in plan, the sides of which are entirely or mainly occupied by parts of a large building. The word is probably most closely associated with college or university campus architecture, but quadrangles may be found in other...
. It is dedicated to St. CatherineSt. Catherine-People:*Saint Catherine of Alexandria , also known as Saint Catherine of the Wheel and The Great Martyr Saint Catherine*Saint Caterina Volpicelli *Saint Catherine of Bologna *Saint Catherine of Genoa...
, St. AnthonyAnthony the GreatAnthony the Great or Antony the Great , , also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius , and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers...
, St. Clare, and St. John the Baptist. Past shrines can be found in the bell tower. - In 1974, Stanislaw Krzeszowski began a musical group called Grodziszczoki which now plays ritually at weddings in Grodzisko Górne.
- There is a military procession called Parada Straży Grobowych, also known as Turki, which takes place in the village. It was started by King Jan III Sobieski in 1683. It honors soldiers who have returned from war. The fact that they are dressed in full uniform during this procession is frightening to some of the local population. It also serves as a procession to give thanks to God, so it usually takes place around EasterEasterEaster is the central feast in the Christian liturgical year. According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion. His resurrection is celebrated on Easter Day or Easter Sunday...
.