Grunewald (forest)
Encyclopedia
Grunewald is a German
forest
located in the western side of Berlin
on the east side of the Havel
, mainly in the Grunewald
district. At 3,000 hectare
s it is the largest green area in the city of Berlin.
Ortsteil, a little bit in south of Westend
(both in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
district); a great part of Nikolassee
, the northern side of Zehlendorf
and the north-western bit of Dahlem
(all 3 in Steglitz-Zehlendorf
). Is it not too far from the borders with Wannsee
and its lake
, from the Düppel Forest and is divided by the Havel river from the localities of Kladow
, Gatow
and Wilhelmstadt
(both in Spandau
). It also borders with the locality of Schmargendorf
.
In the area, by the Havel, there are located two islets (Lindwerder and Schwanenwerder
) and a little peninsula (Schildhorn); and the tallest point is the hill of Teufelsberg
, with 117 amsl. In the north it borders with the Funkturm Berlin
(radio tower) and the Messe Berlin
(the trade show).
Other than river Havel
and part of the Großer Wannsee
lake, the forest is rich of lake
s and pond
s. The biggest are the Schlachtensee
, Krumme Lanke
, the Grunewaldsee and the Hundekehlesee. This lakes are located on the western borders of the forest and linked by a canal. The other lakes are the Riemeisterfenn (between Krumme Lanke and Grunewaldsee), the Teufelsee (in central-north area), Pechsee and Barssee (both in the middle of the forest).
and betulaceae
. Some areas are forbidden to visitors as nature reserves (Naturschutzgebiet
) to protect the local fauna (especially amphibian
s and bird
s).
line S7
at Berlin Grunewald railway station, located at the main entrance of the forest
. It is also traversed by the AVUS
road, now part of the BAB 115
motorway.
Grunewald borders could be reached also at other S-Bahn stations : Berlin Nikolassee (S1
+ S7), Berlin Schlachtensee (S1), Berlin Heerstraße (S3
+ S75
), Berlin Pichelsberg
(S3 + S75). The south-eastern borders are linked by two U-Bahn
stations: Krumme Lanke
and Onkel Toms Hütte
(both on U3
line).
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
forest
Forest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
located in the western side of Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
on the east side of the Havel
Havel
The Havel is a river in north-eastern Germany, flowing through the German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt. It is a right tributary of the Elbe river and in length...
, mainly in the Grunewald
Grunewald
Grunewald is a locality within the Berliner borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Famous for the homonymous forest, until 2001 administrative reform it was part of the former district of Wilmersdorf.-Geography:The locality is situated in the western side of the city and is separated from...
district. At 3,000 hectare
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
s it is the largest green area in the city of Berlin.
Geography
The forest occupies, in the western side, 3/4 of GrunewaldGrunewald
Grunewald is a locality within the Berliner borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Famous for the homonymous forest, until 2001 administrative reform it was part of the former district of Wilmersdorf.-Geography:The locality is situated in the western side of the city and is separated from...
Ortsteil, a little bit in south of Westend
Westend (Berlin)
Westend is a locality of the Berlin borough Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf situated on the Spandauer Berg, the northern peak of the Teltow plateau between the river valleys of Spree and Havel...
(both in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is the fourth borough of Berlin, formed in the 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Charlottenburg and Wilmersdorf.-Overview:Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf covers the western centre of the City of Berlin...
district); a great part of Nikolassee
Nikolassee
Nikolassee is a locality of Berlin in the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf. Until the latter was created in 2001, Nikolassee was part of the borough of Zehlendorf.-History:...
, the northern side of Zehlendorf
Zehlendorf (Berlin)
Zehlendorf is a locality within the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf in Berlin. Before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform Zehlendorf was a borough in its own right, consisting of the locality of Zehlendorf as well as Wannsee, Nikolassee and Dahlem...
and the north-western bit of Dahlem
Dahlem (Berlin)
Dahlem is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a part of the former borough of Zehlendorf. Dahlem is one of the most affluent parts of the city and home to the main campus of the Free University of Berlin with the...
(all 3 in Steglitz-Zehlendorf
Steglitz-Zehlendorf
Steglitz-Zehlendorf is the sixth borough of Berlin, formed in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Steglitz and Zehlendorf.-Demographics:...
). Is it not too far from the borders with Wannsee
Wannsee
Wannsee is a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger Großer Wannsee and the Kleiner Wannsee , are located on the river Havel and are separated only by the Wannsee bridge...
and its lake
Großer Wannsee
The Großer Wannsee is a bight of the Havel river near the locality of Wannsee and Nikolassee , a south-western suburb of the German capital Berlin not far from Potsdam...
, from the Düppel Forest and is divided by the Havel river from the localities of Kladow
Kladow
-Geography:The district of Kladow is bordered by the District of Gatow to the north, by the Havel to the east and southeast and by the State of Brandenburg to the west and south west. The neighbouring village of Sacrow and main part of Groß Glienicke are located in Brandenburg...
, Gatow
Gatow
Gatow, a district of south-western Berlin is located west of the Havelsee lake and has forested areas within its boundaries. It is within the borough of Spandau. On 31 December 2002, it had 5,532 inhabitants.-History:...
and Wilhelmstadt
Wilhelmstadt
Wilhelmstadt is a German locality of Berlin in the borough of Spandau.-History:In the year 1945 the allied armed forces from the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom accomplished an exchange of territory, among the area of Seeburg in Spandau...
(both in Spandau
Spandau
Spandau is the fifth of the twelve boroughs of Berlin. It is the fourth largest and westernmost borough, situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and along the western bank of the Havel, but the least populated.-Overview:...
). It also borders with the locality of Schmargendorf
Schmargendorf
Schmargendorf is a south-western locality of Berlin in the district of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Until 2001 it was part of the former district of Wilmersdorf.-History:...
.
In the area, by the Havel, there are located two islets (Lindwerder and Schwanenwerder
Schwanenwerder
Schwanenwerder is an island in the Havel river in Berlin, Germany. It is in the locality of Nikolassee in the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, and is located in a wider stretch of the river, close to the eastern shore...
) and a little peninsula (Schildhorn); and the tallest point is the hill of Teufelsberg
Teufelsberg
The Teufelsberg is a hill in Berlin, Germany, in former West Berlin. It rises about 80 meters above the surrounding Brandenburg plain, more precisely the north of Berlin's Grunewald forest....
, with 117 amsl. In the north it borders with the Funkturm Berlin
Funkturm Berlin
The Berliner Funkturm or Funkturm Berlin is a transmitting tower in Berlin, built between 1924 and 1926 by Heinrich Straumer. It is nicknamed "der lange Lulatsch" and is one of the best-known points of interest in the city of Berlin. It stands in the Berlin trade fair ground in the...
(radio tower) and the Messe Berlin
Messe Berlin
Messe Berlin fairgrounds are situated in Berlin-Westend, precinct Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, at Masurenallee opposite of the Haus des Rundfunks....
(the trade show).
Other than river Havel
Havel
The Havel is a river in north-eastern Germany, flowing through the German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt. It is a right tributary of the Elbe river and in length...
and part of the Großer Wannsee
Großer Wannsee
The Großer Wannsee is a bight of the Havel river near the locality of Wannsee and Nikolassee , a south-western suburb of the German capital Berlin not far from Potsdam...
lake, the forest is rich of lake
Lake
A lake is a body of relatively still fresh or salt water of considerable size, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land. Lakes are inland and not part of the ocean and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are larger and deeper than ponds. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams,...
s and pond
Pond
A pond is a body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is usually smaller than a lake. A wide variety of man-made bodies of water are classified as ponds, including water gardens, water features and koi ponds; all designed for aesthetic ornamentation as landscape or architectural...
s. The biggest are the Schlachtensee
Schlachtensee
Schlachtensee is a lake in the south west of Berlin, in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough , on the edge of the Grunewald forest. The lake lends its name to the surrounding area and to the nearby Studentendorf Schlachtensee, a student residence...
, Krumme Lanke
Krumme Lanke
Krumme Lanke is a lake in the south west of Berlin, in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough of the city and on the edge of the Grunewald forest. After Nikolassee and the neighbouring Schlachtensee, it is the southernmost of the Grunewald chain of lakes...
, the Grunewaldsee and the Hundekehlesee. This lakes are located on the western borders of the forest and linked by a canal. The other lakes are the Riemeisterfenn (between Krumme Lanke and Grunewaldsee), the Teufelsee (in central-north area), Pechsee and Barssee (both in the middle of the forest).
Natural environment
The natural environment of the Grunewald shows an extended forest, mainly composed of conifersPinophyta
The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferophyta or Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. Pinophytes are gymnosperms. They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being...
and betulaceae
Betulaceae
Betulaceae, or the Birch Family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams and hop-hornbeams, numbering about 130 species...
. Some areas are forbidden to visitors as nature reserves (Naturschutzgebiet
Naturschutzgebiet
A Naturschutzgebiet is a category of protected area within German Federal Conservation Law .- Points of law :...
) to protect the local fauna (especially amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibians , are a class of vertebrate animals including animals such as toads, frogs, caecilians, and salamanders. They are characterized as non-amniote ectothermic tetrapods...
s and bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s).
Transport
The area is served by the S-BahnBerlin S-Bahn
The Berlin S-Bahn is a rapid transit system in and around Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It consists of 15 lines and is integrated with the mostly underground U-Bahn to form the backbone of Berlin's rapid transport system...
line S7
S7 (Berlin)
S7 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Ahrensfelde to Potsdam over:*the Wriezen Railway, completed on 1 May 1898 and electrified to Marzahn in 1976, to Mehrower Allee in 1980 and to Ahrensfelde in 1982,...
at Berlin Grunewald railway station, located at the main entrance of the forest
Forest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
. It is also traversed by the AVUS
AVUS
The Automobil-Verkehrs- und Übungs-Straße, better known as AVUS, is a public road that was also used as a motor racing circuit. It is located in the south-western districts of Berlin, Germany, between Charlottenburg and Nikolassee, and is nowadays an important part of the public highway system, as...
road, now part of the BAB 115
Bundesautobahn 115
is an autobahn in Berlin, Germany. It connects the Berliner Stadtring with the Berliner Ring, using parts of the old AVUS race track. AVUS was opened in 1921 as Germany's first limited access road. After World War II, the A 115 served an important function as a transit road between West Berlin...
motorway.
Grunewald borders could be reached also at other S-Bahn stations : Berlin Nikolassee (S1
S1 (Berlin)
The S1 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates over:*the Prussian Northern Railway, opened on 10 July 1877 and electrified in 1925,*a short section of the Berlin-Szczecin railway, opened on 1 August 1842 and electrified in 1924,...
+ S7), Berlin Schlachtensee (S1), Berlin Heerstraße (S3
S3 (Berlin)
S3 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Erkner to Spandau over:*the Lower Silesian-Markish Railway, opened on 23 October 1842 and electrified in 1928,*the Stadtbahn, opened on 7 February 1882 and electrified on 11 June 1928 and...
+ S75
S75 (Berlin)
S75 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Wartenberg to Spandau over:*a section of the Outer ring, completed in the early 1940s as part of the Outer freight ring,...
), Berlin Pichelsberg
Berlin-Pichelsberg railway station
Berlin Pichelsberg is a railway station in the Westend district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn lines and ....
(S3 + S75). The south-eastern borders are linked by two U-Bahn
Berlin U-Bahn
The Berlin is a rapid transit railway in Berlin, the capital city of Germany, and is a major part of the public transport system of that city. Opened in 1902, the serves 173 stations spread across ten lines, with a total track length of , about 80% of which is underground...
stations: Krumme Lanke
Krumme Lanke (Berlin U-Bahn)
Krumme Lanke is a Berlin U-Bahn station on the . It is the line's southwestern terminus, located in the Zehlendorf district of Berlin.-Overview:The station, named after a nearby lake in the Grunewald forest, opened on December 22, 1929...
and Onkel Toms Hütte
Onkel Toms Hütte (Berlin U-Bahn)
Onkel Toms Hütte is a Berlin U-Bahn station located in the Zehlendorf district. Since December 12, 2004 it is served by the line.-History:...
(both on U3
U3 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U3 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn created in its current version on 12 December 2004. The routing is the same as the previous U2 until 1993, only run from Krumme Lanke to Wittenbergplatz....
line).
See also
- TeufelsbergTeufelsbergThe Teufelsberg is a hill in Berlin, Germany, in former West Berlin. It rises about 80 meters above the surrounding Brandenburg plain, more precisely the north of Berlin's Grunewald forest....
- GrunewaldturmGrunewaldturmThe Grunewald Tower or Grunewaldturm is a historical tower in the Grunewald forest of southwestern Berlin, Germany, built in 1897-99 according to plans designed by Franz Heinrich Schwechten.-Overview:...
- Grunewald (locality)GrunewaldGrunewald is a locality within the Berliner borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Famous for the homonymous forest, until 2001 administrative reform it was part of the former district of Wilmersdorf.-Geography:The locality is situated in the western side of the city and is separated from...
- Grunewald Railway StationBerlin-Grunewald railway stationBerlin-Grunewald is a railway station in the Grunewald district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn line and, replacing the S7 on Friday and Saturday nights, the line .-History:...