Guaratinguetá
Encyclopedia
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|+Município de Guaratinguetá
|-
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| State || São Paulo
|----- align=center colspan="2" | 150px 150px
|-
| Established: || 1630
|-
| Anniversary: || June 13
|-
| Area
: || 751 km²
|-
| Population
Population density
| 125 012 (2007)
150,4 inh./km²
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="290px" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+Município de Guaratinguetá
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
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|-
| State || São Paulo
|----- align=center colspan="2" | 150px 150px
|-
| Established: || 1630
|-
| Anniversary: || June 13
|-
| Area
: || 751 km²
|-
| Population
Population density
| 125 012 (2007)
150,4 inh./km²
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="290px" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+Município de Guaratinguetá
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
| align="center" width="140px" |
| align="center" width="140px" |
|-
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|-
| State || São Paulo
|----- align=center colspan="2" | 150px 150px
|-
| Established: || 1630
|-
| Anniversary: || June 13
|-
| Area
: || 751 km²
|-
| Population
Population density
| 125 012 (2007)
150,4 inh./km²
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| valign="top" | Geographic location: || 22°49′00"S 45°13′40"W
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Distance from the state's capital: || São Paulo
, 123 km
|-
| Website: || www.guaratingueta.sp.gov.br
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Map in São Paulo state
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |
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Guaratinguetá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo
in Brazil. It is located in the region of Vale do Paraíba; prominent individuals from the area include Saint
Frei Galvão, Brazilian President Rodrigues Alves
and the cardiologist Dr Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini
. The name of the city derives from the words in the Tupi language: gûyra (heron
), tinga (white
) and etá (many), resulting in Gûyrating'etá (meeting of white herons).
river. The first Portuguese settlers arrived at the end of the 16th century, after rumours of mineral wealth hidden in Serra da Mantiqueira, in the lands known today as Minas Gerais
. The settlement of the region began in 1628, with the donation of lands by Jacques Felix
and his children. On June 13, 1630, construction began of a chapel, that was registered first in Livro-Tombo da Matriz of Santo Antonio.
On February 13, 1651, by intervention of Captain Domingos Leme, a village was raised for the Saint Antonio of Guaratinguetá, with the opening of the main road. By tradition, the pillory
was also raised. During the 18th century, Guaratinguetá became the main point of supply for the gold
miners coming from Minas Gerais
as
commerce on the route developed. During that period, the foreign travellers who had passed through there perpetuated the image of Guaratinguetá, as much in books as in paintings, and the village grew. The few narrow streets were filled by people at the end of the century on Sundays, holidays, and religious celebrations.
Guaratinguetá entered a more religious significance in 1717. In 1757, it held the second biggest party in Louvor to a Saint in the city. Diogo Antonio de Feijó, future priest and regent
of the empire
of Dom Pedro II
, studied in Guaratinguetá with the Manoel Frank Gonçalves during the years of 1795 and 1798.
In the 19th century, Guaratinguetá grew in coffee
production, at the same time as it suffered a decline of sugar
production. During the Brazilian independence, Dom Pedro I
spend the night in the city on August 18 of 1822, stimulating more economic development, and more growth in the coffee
industry. The village became a city in 1844, and was incorporated in 1852. During this time, coffee
was used as a hard currency, and the daily life of the city was changed forever. It raised man power in the farms, the city grew, and the children of the farmers were sent to study. Commercial
merchandise came by donkey to the port of Parati and grew even more.
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves
, born on July 7, 1848, was the council member of the empire, a member of the Chamber of Deputies
, president of the Province of São Paulo
and for two times President of the Republic (Brazil). He was inaugurated by a daily O Mosaico, Development came with the iron hourse in 1877 with the constructionmade way for the immigrants who came to substitute man power. The end of the 19th century marked the inauguration of a theater Carlos Gomes, Da Ponte Metálica, the Banco Popular, the market, the water supply, the urban net of sewer and the installation of the first pertained Grupo Escolar in the city in the building Dr. Flamínio Lessa.
In the 20th century lands became exhausted from over farming, and coffee
production declined. The fall extensive farming brought a new economic focus of industrialization and the return to commerce
. Education became another focus with the installation of the Escola de Especialista de Aeronáutica (School of Specialist of Aeronautics), the campus of UNESP
with the Faculdade de Engenharia (College of Engineering) of the Faculdade de tecnologia(College of Technology FATEC), and the SENAC
. Tourism
is also important, with the increase of popularity of Frei Galvão
, the visitation of caves, and the local churches and monasteries. Inside the city itself, there are many colonial houses with the beautiful architecture of the last century. In addition to this, Agricultural tourism and Eco-Tourism are becoming popular, owing to the beauty of the wilderness and agricultural areas.
)
Total population:
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|-
| width = 35% align="center" |
| width = 30% align="center" | North: Campos do Jordão
, Delfim Moreira, Piquete
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|-
| width = 10% align="center" | West: Lorena
| width = 35% align="center" | Guaratinguetá
| width = 30% align="center" | East: Pindamonhangaba
|-
| width = 35% align="center" |
| width = 30% align="center" | South: Aparecida
, Cunha
, Lagoinha
| width = 35% align="center" |
|}
|+Município de Guaratinguetá
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
| align="center" width="140px" |
|-
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|-
| State || São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
|----- align=center colspan="2" | 150px 150px
|-
| Established: || 1630
|-
| Anniversary: || June 13
|-
| Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: || 751 km²
|-
| Population
Population density
| 125 012 (2007)
150,4 inh./km²
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="290px" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+Município de Guaratinguetá
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
| align="center" width="140px" |
|-
|}
|-
| State || São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
|----- align=center colspan="2" | 150px 150px
|-
| Established: || 1630
|-
| Anniversary: || June 13
|-
| Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: || 751 km²
|-
| Population
Population density
| 125 012 (2007)
150,4 inh./km²
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="290px" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+Município de Guaratinguetá
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
| align="center" width="140px" |
|-
|}
|-
| State || São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
|----- align=center colspan="2" | 150px 150px
|-
| Established: || 1630
|-
| Anniversary: || June 13
|-
| Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: || 751 km²
|-
| Population
Population density
| 125 012 (2007)
150,4 inh./km²
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| valign="top" | Geographic location: || 22°49′00"S 45°13′40"W
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Distance from the state's capital: || São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, 123 km
|-
| Website: || www.guaratingueta.sp.gov.br
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Map in São Paulo state
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |
Guaratinguetá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
in Brazil. It is located in the region of Vale do Paraíba; prominent individuals from the area include Saint
Saint
A saint is a holy person. In various religions, saints are people who are believed to have exceptional holiness.In Christian usage, "saint" refers to any believer who is "in Christ", and in whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth...
Frei Galvão, Brazilian President Rodrigues Alves
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC was a Brazilian politician who first served as governor of the State of São Paulo in 1887, and as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected president of Brazil in 1902 and served until 1906....
and the cardiologist Dr Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini
Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini
Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini was a noted Brazilian physician and foremost cardiac surgeon...
. The name of the city derives from the words in the Tupi language: gûyra (heron
Heron
The herons are long-legged freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae. There are 64 recognised species in this family. Some are called "egrets" or "bitterns" instead of "heron"....
), tinga (white
White
White is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive cone cells in the human eye in nearly equal amounts and with high brightness compared to the surroundings. A white visual stimulation will be void of hue and grayness.White light can be...
) and etá (many), resulting in Gûyrating'etá (meeting of white herons).
History
Since early times, beautiful Guaratinguetá was known by the Indians of the region for the abundance of herons that lived on the edges of the Paraíba do SulParaíba do Sul
thumbThe Paraíba do Sul , or simply termed Paraíba, is a river in the south-east of Brazil. It flows 1,137 kilometres west to northeast from its farthest source at the source of the river Paraitinga to the sea near Campos...
river. The first Portuguese settlers arrived at the end of the 16th century, after rumours of mineral wealth hidden in Serra da Mantiqueira, in the lands known today as Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
. The settlement of the region began in 1628, with the donation of lands by Jacques Felix
Jacques Felix
Captain-major Jacques Felix was an explorer and pioneer of Brazil. In 1640 he founded the city of Taubate in Sao Paulo....
and his children. On June 13, 1630, construction began of a chapel, that was registered first in Livro-Tombo da Matriz of Santo Antonio.
On February 13, 1651, by intervention of Captain Domingos Leme, a village was raised for the Saint Antonio of Guaratinguetá, with the opening of the main road. By tradition, the pillory
Pillory
The pillory was a device made of a wooden or metal framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, formerly used for punishment by public humiliation and often further physical abuse, sometimes lethal...
was also raised. During the 18th century, Guaratinguetá became the main point of supply for the gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
miners coming from Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
as
commerce on the route developed. During that period, the foreign travellers who had passed through there perpetuated the image of Guaratinguetá, as much in books as in paintings, and the village grew. The few narrow streets were filled by people at the end of the century on Sundays, holidays, and religious celebrations.
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
of the empire
Brazilian Empire
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II, both members of the House of Braganza—a...
of Dom Pedro II
Pedro II of Brazil
Dom Pedro II , nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of...
, studied in Guaratinguetá with the Manoel Frank Gonçalves during the years of 1795 and 1798.
In the 19th century, Guaratinguetá grew in coffee
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
production, at the same time as it suffered a decline of sugar
Sugar
Sugar is a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose, characterized by a sweet flavor.Sucrose in its refined form primarily comes from sugar cane and sugar beet...
production. During the Brazilian independence, Dom Pedro I
Peter I of Brazil
Dom Pedro I of Brazil , nicknamed "the Liberator" and "the Soldier-King", was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil and also King of Portugal as Pedro IV, having reigned for eight years in Brazil and two months in Portugal.-Birth:Pedro was born on 12 October 1798, around...
spend the night in the city on August 18 of 1822, stimulating more economic development, and more growth in the coffee
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
industry. The village became a city in 1844, and was incorporated in 1852. During this time, coffee
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
was used as a hard currency, and the daily life of the city was changed forever. It raised man power in the farms, the city grew, and the children of the farmers were sent to study. Commercial
Commerce
While business refers to the value-creating activities of an organization for profit, commerce means the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any...
merchandise came by donkey to the port of Parati and grew even more.
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC was a Brazilian politician who first served as governor of the State of São Paulo in 1887, and as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected president of Brazil in 1902 and served until 1906....
, born on July 7, 1848, was the council member of the empire, a member of the Chamber of Deputies
Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. As of 2006, the chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms...
, president of the Province of São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
and for two times President of the Republic (Brazil). He was inaugurated by a daily O Mosaico, Development came with the iron hourse in 1877 with the constructionmade way for the immigrants who came to substitute man power. The end of the 19th century marked the inauguration of a theater Carlos Gomes, Da Ponte Metálica, the Banco Popular, the market, the water supply, the urban net of sewer and the installation of the first pertained Grupo Escolar in the city in the building Dr. Flamínio Lessa.
In the 20th century lands became exhausted from over farming, and coffee
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
production declined. The fall extensive farming brought a new economic focus of industrialization and the return to commerce
Commerce
While business refers to the value-creating activities of an organization for profit, commerce means the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any...
. Education became another focus with the installation of the Escola de Especialista de Aeronáutica (School of Specialist of Aeronautics), the campus of UNESP
Unesp
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho is one of the six public universities of the Brazilian state of São Paulo, with USP, UFABC, UNIFESP, UFSCar and UNICAMP. It's a part of the state’s higher education system.UNESP has a combined student body of almost 40,000 spread among its 23...
with the Faculdade de Engenharia (College of Engineering) of the Faculdade de tecnologia(College of Technology FATEC), and the SENAC
Sénac
Sénac is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.-References:*...
. Tourism
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
is also important, with the increase of popularity of Frei Galvão
Antonio de Sant'Ana Galvão
Saint Anthony of Saint Ann Galvão , O.F.M., popularly known as Frei Galvão , was a Brazilian friar of the Franciscan Order. One of the best-known religious figures in Brazil, renowned for his healing powers, Galvão was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on May 11, 2007, becoming the first...
, the visitation of caves, and the local churches and monasteries. Inside the city itself, there are many colonial houses with the beautiful architecture of the last century. In addition to this, Agricultural tourism and Eco-Tourism are becoming popular, owing to the beauty of the wilderness and agricultural areas.
Data
(Source: Census 2000 - IBGEIBGE
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE , is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil...
)
Total population:
- Urban: 99,162
- Rural: 5,057
- Male: 53,324
- Female: 50,895
External links
webpage of Guaratinguetá webpage of Paestum Restaurante e Chopperia em Guaratinguetá http://www.cm.gta.sp.gov.br Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá (UNESP) Faculdade de Tecnologia de Guaratinguetá (FATEC) Organização Guará de Ensino (OGE) Escola de Especialistas de Aeronáutica (EEAr){| width = 75% border = 2 align="center"
|-
| width = 35% align="center" |
| width = 30% align="center" | North: Campos do Jordão
Campos do Jordão
Campos do Jordão is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2003 was 47,903 and the area is 290.27 km². The elevation is 1,628 m....
, Delfim Moreira, Piquete
Piquete
Piquete is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 15,431 and the area is 176.32 km². The elevation is 645 m....
| width = 35% align="center" |
|-
| width = 10% align="center" | West: Lorena
| width = 35% align="center" | Guaratinguetá
| width = 30% align="center" | East: Pindamonhangaba
Pindamonhangaba
Pindamonhangaba is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, located in the Paraíba valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is accessed to the Via Dutra at the 99th km...
|-
| width = 35% align="center" |
| width = 30% align="center" | South: Aparecida
Aparecida
Aparecida is a Brazilian city and municipality in the state of São Paulo. It is located in the fertile valley of the River Paraíba do Sul on the southern bank. The population in 2004 was 35,754 and the area of the municipality is 121.232 km²...
, Cunha
Cunha
Cunha is a Galician and Portuguese surname of toponymic origin, documented since the 13th century.Notable people having this surname include:*Alvito D'Cunha, Indian footballer of Goan ethnicity.*Diego Ribas da Cunha, Brazilian international footballer...
, Lagoinha
Lagoinha
Lagoinha is a municipality/county in the microrregion of Paraibuna/Paraitinga in the eastern part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population in 2004 is 5,122, the density is 19.95/km² and the area is 256.68 km². The elevation is 913 m....
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