HCNG
Encyclopedia
HCNG is a mixture of compressed natural gas
and 4–9 percent hydrogen
by energy. It may be used as a fuel gas
for internal combustion engine
s and home appliances. HCNG dispenser
s can be found at Hynor
(Norway
) Thousand palms
and Barstow
California
Fort Collins
Colorado
, Dunkerque (France
), Goteborg Sweden
, Dwarka
and Faridabad
(Delhi
), India
and the BC hydrogen highway
in Canada.
HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station
.
for a three-year field testing until 2010 where 20% hydrogen is added to the local CNG
distribution net. The appliances involved are kitchen stoves, condensing boiler
s and micro-CHP boilers. To get the most out of an ICE
in transportation if higher levels of hydrogen are added, modifications have to be made in the corresponding engine and the control strategy.
52 presently covers CNG and hydrogen fueling stations. Blends with < 20% hydrogen by volume
are treated identically to CNG
Compressed natural gas
Compressed natural gas is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline , diesel, or propane/LPG. Although its combustion does produce greenhouse gases, it is a more environmentally clean alternative to those fuels, and it is much safer than other fuels in the event of a spill...
and 4–9 percent hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...
by energy. It may be used as a fuel gas
Fuel gas
Fuel gas can refer to any of several gases burned to produce thermal energy.Natural gas is the most common fuel gas, but others include:* Coal gas or Town gas* Syngas* Mond gas* Propane* Butane* Regasified liquified petroleum gas* Wood gas...
for internal combustion engine
Internal combustion engine
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high -pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine...
s and home appliances. HCNG dispenser
HCNG dispenser
A HCNG dispenser is a type of fuel dispenser at a filling station that is used to pump HCNG into vehicles.-Principle:A HCNG dispenser is in general combined with a CNG dispenser for natural gas vehicles as both use the same feed stream from the compressed natural gas grid, in addition the hydrogen...
s can be found at Hynor
Hynor
The HyNor hydrogen highway in Norway was established in 2003 and is part of the Scandinavian hydrogen highway partnership. The highway is part of the Norwegian hydrogen infrastructure, and several hydrogen refuelling stations have been built along the route....
(Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
) Thousand palms
Thousand Palms, California
Thousand Palms is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 7,715 at the 2010 census, up from 5,120 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Thousand Palms is located at ....
and Barstow
Barstow, California
Barstow is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 22,639 at the 2010 census, up from 21,119 at the 2000 census. Barstow is located north of San Bernardino....
California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
Fort Collins
Fort Collins, Colorado
Fort Collins is a Home Rule Municipality situated on the Cache La Poudre River along the Colorado Front Range, and is the county seat and most populous city of Larimer County, Colorado, United States. Fort Collins is located north of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. With a 2010 census...
Colorado
Colorado
Colorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...
, Dunkerque (France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
), Goteborg Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, Dwarka
Dwarka Sub City
Dwarka is a sub city, located in the South West Delhi district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is named after the legendary Dwaraka Kingdom. It is a short distance away from Gurgaon which is a major hub for large corporations in the country and about 10 Kms away from Indira Gandhi...
and Faridabad
Faridabad
Faridabad is a city in the south-east of Haryana state in northern India, in Faridabad district. It lies at 28º 25' 16" N Latitude and 77º 18' 28" E Longitude. The district shares its boundaries with the National Capital and Union Territory of Delhi to its north, Gurgaon district to the west and...
(Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
), India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and the BC hydrogen highway
BC hydrogen highway
The BC Hydrogen Highway is a hydrogen highway planned to link Vancouver and Whistler, host city and alpine venue of the 2010 Winter Olympics. It is targeted for full implementation by the start of the games. Currently seven hydrogen fueling stations are being planned, located in Victoria, Richmond,...
in Canada.
HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station
Hydrogen station
A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or hydrogen highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept. The stations are usually intended to power vehicles, but can also be used to power small devices. Vehicles use...
.
Research
Testing is underway in AmelandAmeland
Ameland is a municipality and one of the West Frisian Islands off the north coast of the Netherlands. It consists mostly of sand dunes. It is the third major island of the West Frisians. It neighbours islands Terschelling to the West and Schiermonnikoog to the East...
for a three-year field testing until 2010 where 20% hydrogen is added to the local CNG
Compressed natural gas
Compressed natural gas is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline , diesel, or propane/LPG. Although its combustion does produce greenhouse gases, it is a more environmentally clean alternative to those fuels, and it is much safer than other fuels in the event of a spill...
distribution net. The appliances involved are kitchen stoves, condensing boiler
Condensing boiler
A condensing boiler utilizes the latent heat of water produced from the burning of fuel, in addition to the standard sensible heat, to increase its efficiency.-Principles of work:...
s and micro-CHP boilers. To get the most out of an ICE
Internal combustion engine
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high -pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine...
in transportation if higher levels of hydrogen are added, modifications have to be made in the corresponding engine and the control strategy.
Codes and Standards
The National Fire Protection AssociationNational Fire Protection Association
The National Fire Protection Association is a United States trade association that creates and maintains private, copywrited, standards and codes for usage and adoption by local governments...
52 presently covers CNG and hydrogen fueling stations. Blends with < 20% hydrogen by volume
are treated identically to CNG