Hydrogen station - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station

Filling station

A filling station, also known as a fueling station, garage, gasbar , gas station , petrol bunk , petrol pump , petrol garage, petrol kiosk , petrol station "'servo"' in Australia or service station, is a facility which sells fuel and lubricants...

for hydrogen

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...

, usually located along a road or hydrogen highway

Hydrogen highway

A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped filling stations and other infrastructure along a road or highway which allow hydrogen powered cars to travel. It is an element of the hydrogen infrastructure that is generally assumed to be a pre-requisite for mass utilization of hydrogen cars....

, or at home

Home

A home is a place of residence or refuge. When it refers to a building, it is usually a place in which an individual or a family can rest and store personal property. Most modern-day households contain sanitary facilities and a means of preparing food. Animals have their own homes as well, either...

as part of the distributed generation

Distributed generation

Distributed generation, also called on-site generation, dispersed generation, embedded generation, decentralized generation, decentralized energy or distributed energy, generates electricity from many small energy sources....

resources concept. The stations are usually intended to power vehicles, but can also be used to power small devices. Vehicles use hydrogen as fuel in one of several ways, including fuel cells and mixed fuels like HCNG

HCNG

HCNG is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy. It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines and home appliances...

. The hydrogen fuel dispenser

Fuel dispenser

A fuel dispenser is a machine at a filling station that is used to pump gasoline, diesel, CNG, CGH2, HCNG, LPG, LH2, ethanol fuel, biofuels like biodiesel, kerosene, or other types of fuel into vehicles...

s dispense the fuel by the kilogram.

Hydrogen filling stations

In 2000, Ford

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...

and Air Products

Air Products & Chemicals

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is an international corporation whose principal business is selling gases and chemicals for industrial uses. Air Products' headquarters is in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania, in the United States. Air Products is the Lehigh...

opened the first hydrogen station in North America in Dearborn, MI.

Since the turn of the millennium, filling stations offering hydrogen have been opening worldwide. However, this does not begin to replace the existing extensive gasoline fuel station infrastructure, which would cost a half trillion U.S. dollars in the United States alone.

The hydrogen fueling stations include the following:

In Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

as of March 2010 there is one hydrogen fuel station operating in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

, another under construction, and the Clean Energy Partnership
Clean Energy Partnership
Clean Energy Partnership is a joint project for world's most versatile hydrogen demonstration. It is aiming for emission-free mobility and has several hydrogen stations.As of May 2010 the CEP is a consortium of thirteen partners:...

plans additional stations.
Iceland
Iceland
Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...

opened the first commercial hydrogen station in 2003 as part of the country's initiative to implement
Renewable energy in Iceland
About 81 percent of total primary energy supply in Iceland is derived from domestically produced renewable energy sources. In 2007, geothermal energy provided about 66 percent of primary energy, the share of hydropower was 15 percent, and fossil fuels 19 percent...

a hydrogen economy
Hydrogen economy
The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen. The term hydrogen economy was coined by John Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at General Motors Technical Center....

.
Stations in California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

opened by the California Fuel Cell Partnership
California Fuel Cell Partnership
The California Fuel Cell Partnership is a public-private partnership to promote hydrogen vehicles in California. It is notable as one of the first initiatives for that purpose undertaken in the United States....

, and under Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-American former professional bodybuilder, actor, businessman, investor, and politician. Schwarzenegger served as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011....

's California Hydrogen Highway
California Hydrogen Highway
The California Hydrogen Highway is a series of hydrogen refueling stations in California. These stations are used to refuel hydrogen vehicles such as fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen combustion vehicles....

program.
Japan has a number of hydrogen filling stations run by the Japan hydrogen fuel cell project to test various technologies of hydrogen generation.
British Columbia, Canada, is building a seven node hydrogen refueling station network from Victoria
Victoria, British Columbia
Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia, Canada and is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast. The city has a population of about 78,000 within the metropolitan area of Greater Victoria, which has a population of 360,063, the 15th most populous Canadian...

to Whistler
Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a Canadian resort town in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in the province of British Columbia, Canada, approximately north of Vancouver...

timed to coincide with the 2010 Winter Olympic Games
Winter Olympic Games
The Winter Olympic Games is a sporting event, which occurs every four years. The first celebration of the Winter Olympics was held in Chamonix, France, in 1924. The original sports were alpine and cross-country skiing, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, ski jumping and speed skating...

. The node in Surrey was the first in the world to deliver hydrogen at 70 MPa
MPA
-Academic degrees:* Master of Professional Accountancy* Master of Public Administration* Master of Public Affairs* Master of Physician's Assistant-Chemicals:* Medroxyprogesterone acetate, also known by the brand name Depo-Provera* Morpholide of pelargonic acid...

, and is the longest operational node in the network, having been supplying hydrogen since March 2002.
Proton Energy Systems and Northern Power, both wholly owned subsidiaries of Distributed Energy Systems (Nasdaq
NASDAQ
The NASDAQ Stock Market, also known as the NASDAQ, is an American stock exchange. "NASDAQ" originally stood for "National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations". It is the second-largest stock exchange by market capitalization in the world, after the New York Stock Exchange. As of...

: DESC), were contracted by EVermont to build an advanced demonstration hydrogen fueling station in Burlington, VT. The project was partially funded through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program.
A hydrogen filling station opened in 2007 on the campus of The Ohio State University at the Center for Automotive Research. This station is the only one in Ohio.
Missouri's only Hydrogen Filling Station is located at the Missouri University of Science and Technology
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Missouri University of Science and Technology is an institution of higher learning located in Rolla, Missouri, United States, and part of the University of Missouri System...

campus.
A prototype hydrogen fueling station was built in compliance with all of the prevailing safety, environmental and building codes in Phoenix to demonstrate that such fueling stations could be built in urban areas.
Hynor
Hynor
The HyNor hydrogen highway in Norway was established in 2003 and is part of the Scandinavian hydrogen highway partnership. The highway is part of the Norwegian hydrogen infrastructure, and several hydrogen refuelling stations have been built along the route....

, Norway's first hydrogen fueling station was opened in February 2007.
The UK has opened its first hydrogen filling station at the University of Birmingham
University of Birmingham
The University of Birmingham is a British Redbrick university located in the city of Birmingham, England. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Birmingham Medical School and Mason Science College . Birmingham was the first Redbrick university to gain a charter and thus...

.
June 2008 - The HyApproval project, FP6 N° 019813 developed a universal handbook to facilitate the approval process of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRS) in Europe.

Hydrogen home stations

Hydrogen home stations come in different types.

A solar powered water electrolysing hydrogen home station, is made of solar cell
Solar cell
A solar cell is a solid state electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect....

s, power converter
Power converter
A power converter is an electrical or electro-mechanical device for converting electrical energy. It may be converting AC to or from DC, or the voltage or frequency, or some combination of these.Amongst the many devices that are used for this purpose are;...

, water purifier
Water purification
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose...

, electrolyzer
Electrolysis of water
Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas due to an electric current being passed through the water.-Principle:...

, piping
Hydrogen piping
Hydrogen piping, in industrial settings, is a system of pipes used to move hydrogen. Due to issues with hydrogen embrittlement, and corrosion, materials for hydrogen pipes must be carefully selected...

, hydrogen purifier
Hydrogen purifier
A hydrogen purifier is a device to purify hydrogen if hydrogen production is done from hydrocarbon sources, the ultra-high purified hydrogen is needed for applications like PEM fuel cells...

, oxygen purifier, compressor
Hydrogen compressor
A hydrogen compressor is a device that increases the pressure of hydrogen by reducing its volume. Compression of hydrogen gas naturally increases its temperature, due to Charles' Law....

, pressure vessel
Pressure vessel
A pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure.The pressure differential is dangerous and many fatal accidents have occurred in the history of their development and operation. Consequently, their design,...

s and a hydrogen outlet.

A more complete home station would combine the solar home system on the inlet with natural gas and a reformer
Steam reforming
Fossil fuel reforming is a method of producing hydrogen or other useful products from fossil fuels such as natural gas. This is achieved in a processing device called a reformer which reacts steam at high temperature with the fossil fuel. The steam methane reformer is widely used in industry to...

and from the storage tank
Hydrogen tank
A Hydrogen tank is used for hydrogen storage. The first type IV hydrogen tanks for compressed hydrogen at 700 Bar were demonstrated in 2001, the first fuel cell vehicles on the road with type IV tanks are the Toyota FCHV, Mercedes-Benz F-Cell and the HydroGen4.At the hydrogen station Hamburg...

to a fuel cell
Fuel cell
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used...

microchp
MicroCHP
Micro combined heat and power or micro-CHP is an extension of the now well established idea of cogeneration to the single/multi family home or small office building.- Overview :...

system to produce heat and electricity for the house and the excess electricity to the grid to become part as a distributed generation resource.

Integrated systems that convert solar energy photoelectrochemically are more efficient than splitting water.

January 2007 - Australia's CSIRO has developed a hydrogen homestation based on electricity from standard rooftop solar panels or a home wind turbine with an electrolyzer including compression and storage ready for use, the size of a filing cabinet, the expected market price would be $500 according to Sukhvinder Badwal. Extensive testing of the system will be going on for the next 2 years at RMIT University
RMIT University
RMIT University is an Australian public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. It has two branches, referred to as RMIT University in Australia and RMIT International University in Vietnam....

in Melbourne
Melbourne
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...

.

Honda
Honda
is a Japanese public multinational corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles.Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than...

's Home Energy Station
Home Energy Station
Home Energy Station is the name of Honda's upcoming heat and electricity generator for the home as well as fuel for hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles...

IV is in testing phase.
United Nuclear hydrogen station
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies HydroFILL is a hydrogen station intended to power small devices.
The fuel cell charger is another hydrogen station to power mobile appliances
ITM Power Green-box is a personal hydrogen station intended for the fueling of vehicles
Daniel Nocera is also working on a personal hydrogen station
Nico Hotz is also working on a personal hydrogen station; bio methanol is used to improve the efficiency of the solar panels.
The Hopewell Project
The Hopewell Project
The Hopewell Project is a solar-powered residence in North America that generates hydrogen for subsequent reconversion into electricity, meeting all of the home's power needs, including heating and cooling, through renewable solar energy...

an oversized pilot homestation by Michael Strizki.
The Chewonki Renewable Hydrogen Project opened on August 28, 2006 in Wiscasset, Maine.
The Stuart Island Energy Initiative
Stuart Island (Washington)
Stuart Island is one of the San Juan Islands in Washington state, USA, north of San Juan Island and west of Waldron Island. The island is home to two communities of full and part-time residents, a state park, a one-room schoolhouse, and two airstrips .The 2000 census...

.
The homefueler
Homefueler
Homefueler is a home hydrogen station. It uses single phase AC power and water for the pressurized alkaline electrolyzer to generate hydrogen, a diaphragm compressor handles a filling pressure of 5,000 psig . Storage is 13 kg, daily production is 2 kg H2...

and HyStat-A Energy Station

Hydrogen highway

A hydrogen highway

Hydrogen highway

is a chain of hydrogen-equipped filling stations and other infrastructure along a road or highway.
Italy and Germany are collaborating to build a hydrogen highway between Mantova (Italy) and Munich (Germany).
Italy completed building a hydrogen filling station in Mantova on 21 September 2007 (see Zero Regio).

External links

H2stations.org Map of hydrogen refueling stations worldwide (GIS)
Virtual hydrogen station IV
EUhyfis
ISO-TC 197
Hydrogen Refueling Stations Mapped on Platial.
Worldwide Hydrogen Fueling Stations (PDF) fuelcells.org
Idaho National Laboratory

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Hydrogen filling stations

Hydrogen home stations

Hydrogen highway

See also

External links