HL60
Encyclopedia
The HL-60 cell line is a leukemic
cell line that has been used for laboratory research on how certain kinds of blood cells are formed. HL-60 proliferates continuously in suspension culture
in nutrient medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, HEPES
and antibiotic chemicals. The doubling time
is about 36–48 hours. The cell line was derived from a 36-year-old woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia
at the National Cancer Institute
. HL-60 cells are predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte (precursor).
Proliferation of HL-60 cells occurs through the transferrin
and insulin
receptors, which are expressed on cell surface. The requirement for insulin and transferrin is absolute, as HL-60 proliferation immediately ceases if either of these compounds is removed from the serum-free culture media. With this line, spontaneous differentiation to mature granulocytes can be induced by compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO), or retinoic acid
. Other compounds like 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
(TPA) and GM-CSF can induce HL-60 to differentiate to monocytic, macrophage
-like and eosinophil phenotypes, respectively.
The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process. HL-60 cell model was used to study the effect of DNA topoisomerase (topo) IIα and IIβ on differentiation and apoptosis
of cells and is especially useful in dielectrophoresis studies, which require an aqueous environment with suspended and round cells.
Leukemia
Leukemia or leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases...
cell line that has been used for laboratory research on how certain kinds of blood cells are formed. HL-60 proliferates continuously in suspension culture
Cell culture
Cell culture is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice, the term "cell culture" has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from singlecellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells. However, there are also cultures of plants, fungi and microbes,...
in nutrient medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, HEPES
HEPES
HEPES is a zwitterionic organic chemical buffering agent; one of the twelve Good's buffers...
and antibiotic chemicals. The doubling time
Doubling time
The doubling time is the period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things which tend to grow over time...
is about 36–48 hours. The cell line was derived from a 36-year-old woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia , a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is also known as acute progranulocytic leukemia; APL; AML with t, PML-RARA and variants; FAB subtype M3 and M3 variant.In APL, there is an abnormal accumulation of immature...
at the National Cancer Institute
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute is part of the National Institutes of Health , which is one of 11 agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The NCI coordinates the U.S...
. HL-60 cells are predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte (precursor).
Proliferation of HL-60 cells occurs through the transferrin
Transferrin
Transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids. In humans, it is encoded by the TF gene.Transferrin is a glycoprotein that binds iron very tightly but reversibly...
and insulin
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
receptors, which are expressed on cell surface. The requirement for insulin and transferrin is absolute, as HL-60 proliferation immediately ceases if either of these compounds is removed from the serum-free culture media. With this line, spontaneous differentiation to mature granulocytes can be induced by compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide is an organosulfur compound with the formula 2SO. This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water...
(DMSO), or retinoic acid
Retinoic acid
Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that mediates the functions of vitamin A required for growth and development. Retinoic acid is required in chordate animals which includes all higher animals from fishes to humans...
. Other compounds like 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate , also commonly known as tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate , is diester of phorbol and a potent tumor promoter often employed in biomedical research to activate the signal transduction enzyme protein...
(TPA) and GM-CSF can induce HL-60 to differentiate to monocytic, macrophage
Macrophage
Macrophages are cells produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. Human macrophages are about in diameter. Monocytes and macrophages are phagocytes. Macrophages function in both non-specific defense as well as help initiate specific defense mechanisms of vertebrate animals...
-like and eosinophil phenotypes, respectively.
The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process. HL-60 cell model was used to study the effect of DNA topoisomerase (topo) IIα and IIβ on differentiation and apoptosis
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation...
of cells and is especially useful in dielectrophoresis studies, which require an aqueous environment with suspended and round cells.