HLA-A24
Encyclopedia
HLA-A24 is a human leukocyte antigen
serotype
within HLA-A
serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α24 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A24, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M
locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2402. A24 and A*24 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A24 is a split antigen of the broad antigen HLA-A9
and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A23
.
A*2402 has one of the highest "A" frequencies identified for a number of peoples, including Papua New Guinea
ns, Indigenous Taiwanese
(Eastern Tribals), Yupik and Greenland Eskimo
s. It is common over much of Southeastern Asia. In Eurasia it is least common in Ireland, and A24 is relatively uncommon in Africa except North Africa and Kenya.
.
-induced myasthenia gravis
.
A24-Cw7-B39
A24-Cw10-B60
A24-Cw10-B61
A24-B48
Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex in humans. The super locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and...
serotype
Serotype
Serotype or serovar refers to distinct variations within a subspecies of bacteria or viruses. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their cell surface antigens...
within HLA-A
HLA-A
HLA-A are a group of human leukocyte antigens that are encoded by the HLA-A locus on human chromosome 6p. The HLA genes constitute a large subset of the Major histocompatibility complex of humans. HLA-A is a component of certain MHC class I cell surface receptor isoforms that resides on the...
serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α24 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A24, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M
B2M
B2M may refer to:*Boyz II Men, a singing group*Mitsubishi B2M, an aircraft*Back to Mine, a series of albums*Beta-2 microglobulin, a gene or protein*Business to machine, the practice of E-commerce where companies link directly to machines...
locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2402. A24 and A*24 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A24 is a split antigen of the broad antigen HLA-A9
HLA-A9
HLA-A9 is a broad antigen HLA-A serotype that recognized the HLA-A23 and HLA-A24 serotypes. A*2402 appears to have evolved from A*23 alleles by a process of gene conversion. The A23 is more common in Africa and regions proximal to Africa. A24 is at very high frequencies in Austronesia and certain...
and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A23
HLA-A23
HLA-A23 is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α23 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A23, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*23 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently...
.
A*2402 has one of the highest "A" frequencies identified for a number of peoples, including Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
ns, Indigenous Taiwanese
Taiwanese aborigines
Taiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation myths, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han...
(Eastern Tribals), Yupik and Greenland Eskimo
Eskimo
Eskimos or Inuit–Yupik peoples are indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the circumpolar region from eastern Siberia , across Alaska , Canada, and Greenland....
s. It is common over much of Southeastern Asia. In Eurasia it is least common in Ireland, and A24 is relatively uncommon in Africa except North Africa and Kenya.
Serotype
There are over 90 known A*24 alleles, 69 code for different isoforms and 7 are nulls. A*2403 can also be detected as A2403 serotype.Associated disease
A24 has a secondary risk factor for myasthenia gravis, Buerger's diseaseBuerger's disease
Thromboangiitis obliterans is a recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis of small and medium arteries and veins of the hands and feet...
.
Alleles
A*2402 is a secondary risk factor, alters type 1 diabetes risk, and allele associated with thymomaThymoma
Thymoma is a tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus. Thymoma is an uncommon tumor, best known for its association with the neuromuscular disorder myasthenia gravis. Thymoma is found in 15% of patients with myasthenia gravis. Once diagnosed, thymomas may be removed surgically...
-induced myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability...
.
Haplotypes
| freq | Rank in | |||
| ref. | Population | (%) | Pop. | |
| Java (Indonesia) | 8.0 | 1 | 4 | |
| S. Amer. Native | 6.3 | 1 | 3 | |
| N. Amer. Native | 5.4 | 1 | 5 | |
| Mexican | 4.7 | 1 | ||
| Inuit | 4.2 | 1 | ||
| Brazilian | 3.8 | 1 | ||
| Austria | 3.5 | 1 | ||
| Portuguese | 3.1 | 1 | 3 | |
| Yakut | 2.9 | 1 | ||
| Mongolian | 2.7 | 1 | ||
| Timor | 2.5 | 1 | 5 | |
| Bharghavas (India) | 2.4 | 1 | ||
| Greek | 2.3 | 1 | ||
| Italian | 2.2 | 1 | ||
| Mongolian | 1.9 | 1 | ||
| Vietnamese | 1.8 | 1 | ||
| Japanese | 1.6 | 2 | ||
| French | 1.2 | 2 | ||
| 1 Cw4. 2 Cw9. | ||||
A24-Cw7-B39
A24-Cw10-B60
A24-Cw10-B61
A24-B48
A24-Cw4-B35
This particular haplotype is common across a fairly wide region, possibly the most widely spread A-Cw-B haplotype in humans. Cw4-B35 has a node within the region once referred to as Thracia/Dacia.A24-Cw*14-B51
| freq | ||
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| Korean | 3.5 | |
| Iyers | 3.4 | |
| Mongolian | 2.9 | |
| Japanese | 2.6 | |
| Romanian | 2.2 | |
| Greek | 2.1 | |
| Hungarian | 2.0 | |
| Italian | 0.6 |