Hadrosauroidea
Encyclopedia
Hadrosauroidea is a clade
or superfamily of ornithischia
n dinosaur
s that includes the "duck-billed" dinosaurs, or hadrosaurid
s, and their close relatives. Many primitive hadrosauroids, such as the sail-backed Ouranosaurus
, have traditionally been included in a paraphyletic
(unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistic
analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and probably includes only Iguanodon
and perhaps its closest relatives.
Cladogram
after Norman (2002) and Godefroit, Li & Shang (2005).
Cladogram
after Hai-Lu You and Da-Qing Li (2009).
Cladogram
after Prieto-Marquez and Norell (2010).
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
or superfamily of ornithischia
Ornithischia
Ornithischia or Predentata is an extinct order of beaked, herbivorous dinosaurs. The name ornithischia is derived from the Greek ornitheos meaning 'of a bird' and ischion meaning 'hip joint'...
n dinosaur
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...
s that includes the "duck-billed" dinosaurs, or hadrosaurid
Hadrosaurid
Hadrosaurids or duck-billed dinosaurs are members of the family Hadrosauridae, and include ornithopods such as Edmontosaurus and Parasaurolophus. They were common herbivores in the Upper Cretaceous Period of what are now Asia, Europe and North America. They are descendants of the Upper...
s, and their close relatives. Many primitive hadrosauroids, such as the sail-backed Ouranosaurus
Ouranosaurus
Ouranosaurus is an unusual genus of herbivorous iguanodont dinosaur that lived during the early Cretaceous about 110 million years ago in what is now Africa. Ouranosaurus measured about seven to eight meters long...
, have traditionally been included in a paraphyletic
Paraphyly
A group of taxa is said to be paraphyletic if the group consists of all the descendants of a hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups of descendants...
(unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistic
Cladistics
Cladistics is a method of classifying species of organisms into groups called clades, which consist of an ancestor organism and all its descendants . For example, birds, dinosaurs, crocodiles, and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor form a clade...
analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and probably includes only Iguanodon
Iguanodon
Iguanodon is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived roughly halfway between the first of the swift bipedal hypsilophodontids and the ornithopods' culmination in the duck-billed dinosaurs...
and perhaps its closest relatives.
Taxonomy
- Superfamily Hadrosauroidea
- EquijubusEquijubusEquijubus, meaning "horse mane" after the area in which it was found, is a genus of herbivorous hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China.-Discovery and naming:...
- JinzhousaurusJinzhousaurusJinzhousaurus is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous of China.The type species is Jinzhousaurus yangi. The generic name refers to the town Jinzhou. The specific name honours Yang Zhongjian as the founder of Chinese paleontology...
- NanyangosaurusNanyangosaurusNanyangosaurus is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was an iguanodont which lived in the area of present-day China....
- ShuangmiaosaurusShuangmiaosaurusShuangmiaosaurus is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur which lived during the late Albian age of the Early Cretaceous Period, about 100 million years ago. It was an iguanodont euornithopod which lived in China....
- AltirhinusAltirhinusAltirhinus is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Period of Mongolia.-Description:Altirhinus was herbivorous and bipedal when walking or running, but probably became quadrupedal when feeding from the ground. According to the original description, the entire body...
- CedrorestesCedrorestesCedrorestes is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah...
- EolambiaEolambiaEolambia is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur from the mid-Cretaceous Period of the USA.In 1992 Carole Jones and her husband Ramal Jones near Castle Dale in Emery County, Utah, on the San Rafael Swell Anticline discovered a fossil site which would be named the Carol Quarry in her honour...
- FukuisaurusFukuisaurusFukuisaurus is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was an ornithopod which lived in what is now Japan....
- GlishadesGlishadesGlishades is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur that lived in the Late Cretaceous in North America. It is based on AMNH 27414, two partial premaxillae discovered in the Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Two Medicine Formation in Montana...
- JeyawatiJeyawatiJeyawati is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur which lived during the Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous. The type species, J. rugoculus, was described in 2010, based on fossils recovered in the U.S. state of New Mexico....
- OuranosaurusOuranosaurusOuranosaurus is an unusual genus of herbivorous iguanodont dinosaur that lived during the early Cretaceous about 110 million years ago in what is now Africa. Ouranosaurus measured about seven to eight meters long...
- PenelopognathusPenelopognathusPenelopognathus is a genus of dinosaur which lived during the Early Cretaceous. It was an iguanodont ancestral to hadrosaurids. Fossils have been found in the Bayin-Gobi Formation in what is now Mongolia...
- ProbactrosaurusProbactrosaurusProbactrosaurus is an early herbivorous hadrosauroid iguanodont dinosaur. It lived in China during the Early Cretaceous period....
- ProtohadrosProtohadrosProtohadros is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous , 95 million years ago....
- JintasaurusJintasaurusJintasaurus is a genus of hadrosauriform dinosaur described by Hai-Lu You and Da-Qing Li in 2009. The type species is J. meniscus. Jintasaurus lived during the Early Cretaceous of what is now Gansu, northwestern China. The discovery supports the theory that hadrosaurs originated in Asia....
- TaniusTaniusTanius is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur. It lived in the Late Cretaceous of the People's Republic of China.The type species, named and described in 1929 by Carl Wiman, is Tanius sinensis. The generic name honours the Chinese paleontologist Tan Xichou...
- BactrosaurusBactrosaurusBactrosaurus is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur that lived in east China during the late Cretaceous, about 70 mya. The position Bactrosaurus occupies in the Cretaceous makes it one of the earliest known hadrosaurs, and although it is not known from a full skeleton, Bactrosaurus is one of the best...
- LevnesoviaLevnesoviaLevnesovia is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan. It was related to Bactrosaurus. The type species is L. transoxiana. The genus name honours the late Russian paleontologist Lev Nesov, and the specific name refers to the ancient region Transoxiana...
- GilmoreosaurusGilmoreosaurusGilmoreosaurus is the name given to a genus of dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Asia. The type species is Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis. It is believed to be a hadrosaur or iguanodont from the Iren Dabasu Formation of Mongolia, dating to 70 Ma ago. Additional specimens have been described as distinct...
- TethyshadrosTethyshadrosTethyshadros is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur from Italy.The genus was named and described by Italian paleontologist Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia in 2009. Its only and type species is Tethyshadros insularis. The genus name refers to the Tethys Ocean and the Hadrosauroidea...
- Family HadrosauridHadrosauridHadrosaurids or duck-billed dinosaurs are members of the family Hadrosauridae, and include ornithopods such as Edmontosaurus and Parasaurolophus. They were common herbivores in the Upper Cretaceous Period of what are now Asia, Europe and North America. They are descendants of the Upper...
ae
- Equijubus
Phylogeny
Cladogram
A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics which shows ancestral relations between organisms, to represent the evolutionary tree of life. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters, DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational...
after Norman (2002) and Godefroit, Li & Shang (2005).
Cladogram
Cladogram
A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics which shows ancestral relations between organisms, to represent the evolutionary tree of life. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters, DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational...
after Hai-Lu You and Da-Qing Li (2009).
Cladogram
Cladogram
A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics which shows ancestral relations between organisms, to represent the evolutionary tree of life. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters, DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational...
after Prieto-Marquez and Norell (2010).