Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)
Encyclopedia
In human mitochondrial genetics
, Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
(which in turn derives from haplogroup R
). HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to Haplogroup H
and Haplogroup V
.
, Anatolia
(present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains
of southern Russia
and the republic of Georgia. It is also found to a much lesser extent in parts of East Africa, mainly in the population of Sudan
ese Arabs, where the frequency of Eurasian ancestry is 22.5%, and a very high frequency of y-chromosome haplogroup J
is also found.
Much earlier, around 30,000 years ago, some members of HV moved north across the Caucasus Mountains
and west across Anatolia
, their lineages being carried into Europe for the first time by the Cro-Magnon
. Their arrival was the second group(s) of anatomically modern humans in Europe (the first being mtDNA haplogroup U5). These continued migrations sounded the end of the era of the Neandertals, a hominid species that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago. Better communication skills, weapons, and resourcefulness probably enabled them to outcompete Neandertals for scarce resources. Importantly, some descendants of HV had already broken off and formed their own group, haplogroup H, and continued the push into Western Europe.
A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon
type from Southern Italy
. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0.http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/100/11/6593.pdf
Human mitochondrial genetics
Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of the DNA contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell....
, Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Origin
Haplogroup HV derives from the Haplogroup R0Haplogroup R0 (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup R0 is a mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.-Origin:Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R...
(which in turn derives from haplogroup R
Haplogroup R (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup R is a very extended mitochondrial DNA haplogroup and is the most common macro-haplogroup in West Eurasia.Haplogroup R is a descendant of macro-haplogroup N...
). HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to Haplogroup H
Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup that likely originated in Southwest Asia 25,000-30,000 YBP.-Origin:...
and Haplogroup V
Haplogroup V (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.-Origin:Haplogroup V is believed to have originated around the Western Mediterranean region, approximately 13,600 years before present- possibly on Iberia...
.
Distribution
Haplogroup HV is a west Eurasian haplogroup found throughout the Middle East, including IranIran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
(present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains
Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains is a mountain system in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region .The Caucasus Mountains includes:* the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and* the Lesser Caucasus Mountains....
of southern Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and the republic of Georgia. It is also found to a much lesser extent in parts of East Africa, mainly in the population of Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
ese Arabs, where the frequency of Eurasian ancestry is 22.5%, and a very high frequency of y-chromosome haplogroup J
Haplogroup J
Haplogroup J may refer to:* Haplogroup J , a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup* Haplogroup J , a human Y-chromosome haplogroup...
is also found.
Much earlier, around 30,000 years ago, some members of HV moved north across the Caucasus Mountains
Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains is a mountain system in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region .The Caucasus Mountains includes:* the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and* the Lesser Caucasus Mountains....
and west across Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
, their lineages being carried into Europe for the first time by the Cro-Magnon
Cro-Magnon
The Cro-Magnon were the first early modern humans of the European Upper Paleolithic. The earliest known remains of Cro-Magnon-like humans are radiometrically dated to 35,000 years before present....
. Their arrival was the second group(s) of anatomically modern humans in Europe (the first being mtDNA haplogroup U5). These continued migrations sounded the end of the era of the Neandertals, a hominid species that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago. Better communication skills, weapons, and resourcefulness probably enabled them to outcompete Neandertals for scarce resources. Importantly, some descendants of HV had already broken off and formed their own group, haplogroup H, and continued the push into Western Europe.
A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon
Cro-Magnon
The Cro-Magnon were the first early modern humans of the European Upper Paleolithic. The earliest known remains of Cro-Magnon-like humans are radiometrically dated to 35,000 years before present....
type from Southern Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0.http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/100/11/6593.pdf
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup HV subclades is based on the paper by van Oven 2009 and Malyarchuk et al. 2008.- HV
- HV0 (formerly known as pre-V)
- HV0a (formerly known as preV*2)
- HV0a1
- VHaplogroup V (mtDNA)In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.-Origin:Haplogroup V is believed to have originated around the Western Mediterranean region, approximately 13,600 years before present- possibly on Iberia...
- 195 (formerly known as preV*1)
- HV0b
- HV0c
- HV0a (formerly known as preV*2)
- HV1
- HV1a
- HV1a1
- HV1a1a
- HV1a2
- HV1a1
- HV1b
- HV1b1
- HV1b2
- HV1c
- HV1a
- 73
- HV2
- HV2a
- HV2
- HV4
- HV4a
- HV5
- 16311 (formerly known as HV3)
- HV6 (formerly known as HV3b)
- HV6a (formerly known as HV3b1)
- HV7 (formerly known as HV3c)
- HV8 (formerly known as HV3d)
- HV9 (formerly known as HV3a)
- 152
- HV9a
- 152
- HV10
- HV6 (formerly known as HV3b)
- HHaplogroup H (mtDNA)In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup that likely originated in Southwest Asia 25,000-30,000 YBP.-Origin:...
- HV0 (formerly known as pre-V)
External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Haplogroup HV
- Spread of Haplogroup HV, from the Genographic Project
- The India Genealogical DNA Project at Family Tree DNAFamilyTreeDNAFamily Tree DNA is a commercial genetic genealogy company based in Houston, Texas with its partner laboratory, Arizona Research Labs, housed at the University of Arizona. Family Tree DNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, YDNA, and mtDNA to individuals for genealogical purposes based on DNA samples...
- Rebekah A. Canada's mtDNA Haplogroup HV Project at Family Tree DNAFamilyTreeDNAFamily Tree DNA is a commercial genetic genealogy company based in Houston, Texas with its partner laboratory, Arizona Research Labs, housed at the University of Arizona. Family Tree DNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, YDNA, and mtDNA to individuals for genealogical purposes based on DNA samples...