Haplogynae
Encyclopedia
The Haplogynae are a series of araneomorph
spiders.
Unlike the Entelegynae
, they lack hardened (sclerotized) female genitalia (epigyne
s).
Most of the species within this group have six eyes, as opposed to most other spiders. Some members in the family Caponiidae
(Caponioidea) even have only four, or two eyes; however, in the family Plectreuridae (Pholcoidea), the spiders have eight eyes. Spiders in the genus Tetrablemma
(Tetrablemmidae
, Caponioidea) have four eyes.
The cribellate
Filistatidae are apparently sister to the mostly ecribellate remainder (Coddington & Levy, 1991, p576).
+----------------Filistatidae (109 species)
| +----------Caponiidae
(1) (70 species)
| +--| +-------Tetrablemmidae
(1) (126 species)
| | | | Dysderoidea
:
-| | +--| +--+-Orsolobidae
(177 species)
| | +--| +-Oonopidae (ca. 500 species)
| | |----Dysderidae
(ca. 500 species)
| | +----Segestriidae (106 species)
+--| "Scytodoids":
| Pholcoidea
:
| +-----+----Pholcidae (ca. 960 species)
| | |--+-Diguetidae (15 species)
| | +-Plectreuridae (30 species)
+--| Leptonetoidea
:
| +--+----Ochyroceratidae
(146 species)
| | |--+-Leptonetidae (200 species)
+--| +-Telemidae
(22 species)
| Scytodoidea
: (2)
| +----Sicariidae
(122 species)
+--|
+--+-Scytodidae (169 species)
+-Drymusidae
(10 species)
Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae are a suborder of spiders. They are distinguished by having fangs that oppose each other and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae , which have fangs that are nearly parallel in alignment.- Distinguishing characteristics :Note the difference in the...
spiders.
Unlike the Entelegynae
Entelegynae
The Entelegynae are a subgroup of araneomorph spiders. Almost all members of this group, unlike most members of Haplogynae, have eight eyes, and females have a genital plate....
, they lack hardened (sclerotized) female genitalia (epigyne
Epigyne
The epigyne or epigynum is the external genital structure of female spiders. As the epigyne varies greatly in form in different species, even in closely related ones, it often provides the most distinctive characteristic for recognizing species...
s).
Most of the species within this group have six eyes, as opposed to most other spiders. Some members in the family Caponiidae
Caponiidae
Spiders of the ecribellate haplogyne family Caponiidae are unusual in that most species have only two eyes, which is unheard of in other spiders. Other species have four, six or eight eyes...
(Caponioidea) even have only four, or two eyes; however, in the family Plectreuridae (Pholcoidea), the spiders have eight eyes. Spiders in the genus Tetrablemma
Tetrablemma
The spider genus Tetrablemma is unusual in possessing only four eyes, a trait only found elsewhere in most species of the family Caponiidae...
(Tetrablemmidae
Tetrablemmidae
The Tetrablemmidae are a spider family with 126 described species in 29 genera that occur throughout the world tropics. They are sometimes called armored spiders....
, Caponioidea) have four eyes.
The cribellate
Cribellum
The cribellum is a silk spinning organ found in certain spiders. Unlike normal spinnerets, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots. These spigots produce extremely fine fibers which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a wooly...
Filistatidae are apparently sister to the mostly ecribellate remainder (Coddington & Levy, 1991, p576).
+----------------Filistatidae (109 species)
| +----------Caponiidae
Caponiidae
Spiders of the ecribellate haplogyne family Caponiidae are unusual in that most species have only two eyes, which is unheard of in other spiders. Other species have four, six or eight eyes...
(1) (70 species)
| +--| +-------Tetrablemmidae
Tetrablemmidae
The Tetrablemmidae are a spider family with 126 described species in 29 genera that occur throughout the world tropics. They are sometimes called armored spiders....
(1) (126 species)
| | | | Dysderoidea
Dysderoidea
The Dysderoidea are a superfamily of araneomorph spiders. They contain four families of six-eyed spiders:* Dysderidae* Oonopidae* Orsolobidae* Segestriidae...
:
-| | +--| +--+-Orsolobidae
Orsolobidae
The Orsolobidae are a six-eyed spider family with about 180 described species in 28 genera. They were separated from the Dysderidae. Several genera were transferred from the Oonopidae.-Distribution:...
(177 species)
| | +--| +-Oonopidae (ca. 500 species)
| | |----Dysderidae
Dysderidae
The family Dysderidae are araneomorph spiders found primarily in Eurasia, although extending into North Africa, with very few species occurring in South America, and one introduced into many regions of the world.Dysderids have six eyes, and are haplogyne, i.e...
(ca. 500 species)
| | +----Segestriidae (106 species)
+--| "Scytodoids":
| Pholcoidea
Pholcoidea
The Pholcoidea are a superfamily of araneomorph spiders. They contain two families of six-eyed spiders:* Diguetidae* Pholcidaeand one family of eight-eyed spiders:* Plectreuridae...
:
| +-----+----Pholcidae (ca. 960 species)
| | |--+-Diguetidae (15 species)
| | +-Plectreuridae (30 species)
+--| Leptonetoidea
Leptonetoidea
The Leptonetoidea are a superfamily of araneomorph spiders. They contain three families of six-eyed spiders:* Leptonetidae* Ochyroceratidae* Telemidae...
:
| +--+----Ochyroceratidae
Ochyroceratidae
The Ochyroceratidae are a six-eyed spider family in the Leptonetoidea superfamily, with 154 described species in 14 genera.Ochyroceratidae are common inhabitants of the tropical forest litter and caves in South Africa, the Caribbean and Asia, especially species rich in the Indo-Pacific, where they...
(146 species)
| | |--+-Leptonetidae (200 species)
+--| +-Telemidae
Telemidae
The Telemidae are a six-eyed spider family with 57 described species in seven genera, see here for details-References:* Platnick, N.I. . On the tibial and patellar glands, relationships, and American genera of the spider family Leptonetidae . American Museum novitates 2855....
(22 species)
| Scytodoidea
Scytodoidea
The Scytodoidea are a superfamily of spiders. They contain four families of six-eyed spiders:* Drymusidae* Periegopidae* Scytodidae* Sicariidae...
: (2)
| +----Sicariidae
Sicariidae
Sicariidae is a family of six-eyed venomous spiders known for their necrotic bites. The members of this family are haplogyne by definition . The family consists of two genera, Loxosceles and Sicarius, and contains about 120 species...
(122 species)
+--|
+--+-Scytodidae (169 species)
+-Drymusidae
Drymusidae
The Drymusidae are a small spider family with ten species in one genus. They are also called false violin spiders or leaf-litter spiders. They resemble the violin spider or recluse spider , but other than these build a web...
(10 species)
- (1) The Caponiidae and Tetrablemmidae are today considered to be in the superfamily CaponioideaCaponioideaThe Caponioidea are a superfamily of araneomorph spiders. They contain two families of six-eyed spiders:* Caponiidae* TetrablemmidaeSome species of Caponiidae have four, or two eyes....
. - (2) The PeriegopidaePeriegopidaeThe spider family Periegopidae consists of only one genus Periegops, with two described species. Periegops had been long considered to be members of Sicariidae or Segestriidae until Raymond Forster evelated them to the family level in 1995....
(two species), which are part of the Scytodoidea, were not recognized in 1985.
- Cladistic hypothesis for Haplogynae (after Raven, 1985). Line length does not relate to evolutionary distance.