Hawayek
Encyclopedia
The surname Howayek, Hawayek (in Arabic
حويّك / الحويّك) and its variants are common in the Christian
Catholic
Maronite clan from Lebanon
. The majority of the members live in three Lebanese towns Bdadoun
, Hsarat
and Helta as well as some other smaller towns in Lebanon and Syria
in addition to the family members who have migrated from Lebanon to other parts of the world.
(Bani Ghassan بني غسان). Those families today have Arabic surnames but remain Christian and the majority are either Greek Orthodox or Greek Catholic; including the Maalouf and Jebara families. Those families originally settled in Houran, southern Syria. The Hawayek family was mostly settled in Sirghaya
, in south west syria
.
departed the Middle East
the Christian communities fell victim to the persecution of the Mameluk Arabs and the Ottoman
Turks after them. The Mameluks had conquered Syria and nepale and remained rulers until the early 16th century when they themselves were consumed by the expanding Ottoman Empire
.
The Howayek family refugees maintained their community life around their Maronite patriarchate along with the majority of the Maronite families who preferred this system to the alternatives. The relatively uninhabited Keserwan
region in Lebanon allowed for Maronite settlement and the patriarchate was established in Batroun
, North Lebanon
. The Hawayek clan was known to centre on the town of Hsarat
, Mount Lebanon, in the 18th century.
the Ottoman registration office in Batroun
recorded them as Houwayyek (meaning weaver). Others believe that the name is after the plant (Haeik, الحائك) which is known to spread in Mosul
.
. This resulted in the Hawayek family splitting into the main three locations they are found in today. With the Chouf exodus went the Hawayeks that settled in Bdadoun
, and in the 19th century part of them moved and settled in Helta in the North of Lebanon.
Since then they haven't spread into other parts of the Lebanon: Amshit, in Jbeil. Jdeidet, in Metn. They are known to be also located in the following: Ain Saadeh
, Bsaeba, Baabda
, Hadath, Bawshriyeh, Jezzine
, Rashkideh and Aoura.
the Chouf region belonged to the Druze
lords and did not fall under the Christian fiefdoms. This now meant that the Hawayeks who moved there had to take farming jobs under new rules as they were not allowed to own land. The Hawayeks who remained in the North
owned the land they worked on. As the population grew the Druze
lords allowed the peasants to build Churches on their land. In later years the Druze chieftains paid the farmers by allocating them land. It is only at that time that the Hawayeks began to own land in the Chouf and Aley
districts.
and the later economic decline all caused members of the Hawayek to flee Lebanon seeking security and economic stability. A large section of the family emigrated to countries outside of Lebanon and mainly to the United States
, France
, or Canada
.
Hawayek is used by the majority of English settled members of the family as well as those that migrated to North and South America (United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, etc.).
Hoyek, Huayek and Juayek is mostly used by the French settled members of the family. The Maronite Church chose Hoyek as a spelling for the Patriarch Hoyek.
The name has changed considerably to "Howard" in the United States. Phillip Perlmutter said that "Lebanese Maronite names like Aoun and Howayek were transformed to Owen and Howard".
A list of the known spellings follows:
Çatal Höyük, a mound or hill close to Konya, Turkey. See Çatalhöyük
.
Mayors and Judiciaries
Artists, Writers and Thinkers
Community Leaders
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
حويّك / الحويّك) and its variants are common in the Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
Maronite clan from Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
. The majority of the members live in three Lebanese towns Bdadoun
Bdadoun
Bdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
, Hsarat
Hsarat
Hsarat is a town in Lebanon....
and Helta as well as some other smaller towns in Lebanon and Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
in addition to the family members who have migrated from Lebanon to other parts of the world.
Roots
Howayek have their origins in the Arab Christian tribe of the GhassanidsGhassanids
The Ghassanids were a group of South Arabian Christian tribes that emigrated in the early 3rd century from Yemen to Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and the Holy Land....
(Bani Ghassan بني غسان). Those families today have Arabic surnames but remain Christian and the majority are either Greek Orthodox or Greek Catholic; including the Maalouf and Jebara families. Those families originally settled in Houran, southern Syria. The Hawayek family was mostly settled in Sirghaya
Sirghaya
Sirghaya is small town located in the Damascus countryside in south west Syria.- Geography :It is 60 km from Damascus and 1,446 m above sea level...
, in south west syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
.
Emigration to Mount Lebanon
After the Crusaders'Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
departed the Middle East
Middle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
the Christian communities fell victim to the persecution of the Mameluk Arabs and the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Turks after them. The Mameluks had conquered Syria and nepale and remained rulers until the early 16th century when they themselves were consumed by the expanding Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
.
The Howayek family refugees maintained their community life around their Maronite patriarchate along with the majority of the Maronite families who preferred this system to the alternatives. The relatively uninhabited Keserwan
Keserwan District
Keserwan is a district in the Mount Lebanon Governorate , Lebanon, to the northeast of the Lebanon's capital Beirut...
region in Lebanon allowed for Maronite settlement and the patriarchate was established in Batroun
Batroun
The coastal city of Batroun located in northern Lebanon is one of the oldest cities of the world. Batroun is home to a Lebanese Red Cross First Aid Center.- Etymology :...
, North Lebanon
North Governorate
North Governorate is one of the governorates of Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli.-Districts:The North Governorate is divided into districts, or aqdya...
. The Hawayek clan was known to centre on the town of Hsarat
Hsarat
Hsarat is a town in Lebanon....
, Mount Lebanon, in the 18th century.
Registering the name Hawayek
With the move to Mount Lebanon the families were required to register with the Ottoman Turkish authorities. Due to the fact that the majority were weaversWeaving
Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling...
the Ottoman registration office in Batroun
Batroun
The coastal city of Batroun located in northern Lebanon is one of the oldest cities of the world. Batroun is home to a Lebanese Red Cross First Aid Center.- Etymology :...
recorded them as Houwayyek (meaning weaver). Others believe that the name is after the plant (Haeik, الحائك) which is known to spread in Mosul
Mosul
Mosul , is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of the Ninawa Governorate, some northwest of Baghdad. The original city stands on the west bank of the Tigris River, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank, but the metropolitan area has now grown to encompass substantial...
.
Expansion in Lebanon
As the demographic expansion of the Maronites continued towards the Chouf and MetnMatn District
Matn , sometimes spelled Metn, is a district in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut...
. This resulted in the Hawayek family splitting into the main three locations they are found in today. With the Chouf exodus went the Hawayeks that settled in Bdadoun
Bdadoun
Bdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
, and in the 19th century part of them moved and settled in Helta in the North of Lebanon.
Since then they haven't spread into other parts of the Lebanon: Amshit, in Jbeil. Jdeidet, in Metn. They are known to be also located in the following: Ain Saadeh
Ain Saadeh
Ain Saadeh is suburb located in the pine-forested hills, northeast of the capital Beirut in Lebanon.-Demography:Ain Saade is a traditional Christian village located in the picturesque of the mountains of Lebanon overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, with some 10,000 population and 2,000 voters...
, Bsaeba, Baabda
Baabda
Baabda is the capital city of Baabda District as well as the capital of Mount Lebanon Governorate, western Lebanon. Baabda was the capital city of the autonomous Ottoman Mount Lebanon....
, Hadath, Bawshriyeh, Jezzine
Jezzine
Jezzine is a town in Lebanon, located from Sidon and south of Beirut. Surrounded by mountain peaks, pine forests, and at an average altitude of 950 m , it is the main summer resort and tourist destination of South Lebanon...
, Rashkideh and Aoura.
Land ownership
The peasants in the Lebanon did not own the land they worked which was owned by the Christian feudal lords who gave the farmers an allowance for the work they did. Unlike North LebanonNorth Governorate
North Governorate is one of the governorates of Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli.-Districts:The North Governorate is divided into districts, or aqdya...
the Chouf region belonged to the Druze
Druze
The Druze are an esoteric, monotheistic religious community, found primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, which emerged during the 11th century from Ismailism. The Druze have an eclectic set of beliefs that incorporate several elements from Abrahamic religions, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism...
lords and did not fall under the Christian fiefdoms. This now meant that the Hawayeks who moved there had to take farming jobs under new rules as they were not allowed to own land. The Hawayeks who remained in the North
North Governorate
North Governorate is one of the governorates of Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli.-Districts:The North Governorate is divided into districts, or aqdya...
owned the land they worked on. As the population grew the Druze
Druze
The Druze are an esoteric, monotheistic religious community, found primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, which emerged during the 11th century from Ismailism. The Druze have an eclectic set of beliefs that incorporate several elements from Abrahamic religions, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism...
lords allowed the peasants to build Churches on their land. In later years the Druze chieftains paid the farmers by allocating them land. It is only at that time that the Hawayeks began to own land in the Chouf and Aley
Aley
Aley is a picturesque town in Mount Lebanon. It is located 17 km uphill from Beirut, just south of the summer resort of Bhamdoun and north of the strategic town of Souk El Gharb.-Demographics:...
districts.
Education
At the turn of the 20th century the improved financial status of the family allowed its children higher education than was previously possible. Many received their education from the country's higher education institutions and some travelled abroad to study.Immigration
With all the Lebanese waves of emigration people from the Hawayek family also left. The Ottoman period, the Civil warCivil war
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly-united nation state....
and the later economic decline all caused members of the Hawayek to flee Lebanon seeking security and economic stability. A large section of the family emigrated to countries outside of Lebanon and mainly to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, or Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
.
Transliterations and spellings
Different transliterations and spellings for the Arabic word for Howayek are extant:Hawayek is used by the majority of English settled members of the family as well as those that migrated to North and South America (United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, etc.).
Hoyek, Huayek and Juayek is mostly used by the French settled members of the family. The Maronite Church chose Hoyek as a spelling for the Patriarch Hoyek.
The name has changed considerably to "Howard" in the United States. Phillip Perlmutter said that "Lebanese Maronite names like Aoun and Howayek were transformed to Owen and Howard".
A list of the known spellings follows:
- Chalhoub Howayek (As It Came In Professor Youssef Chalhoub Howayek's Diploma Of Study From College De La Sagesse
- El-Houwayek
- El Houayek
- El Hoayek
- El Howayek
- El Howayeck
- El-Hoyek
- Hawayek
- Hoayeck
- Hoayek
- Houayek
- Howayeck
- Howayek
- Hoyeck
- Hoyek
- Huayek
- Huwayyik
- Hwayek
- Juallek
- Juayek
Use of the name
Shaqif al Huwayyik, a mound or hill in the Beqaa, Lebanon
Alternative Name: Shaqif al Houwayek
Area: Al Beqaa, in Lebanon
Coordinates & Location type:
Area Type: Hypsographic
Location Type: Slope
Latitude: 33.54306
Longitude: 35.75278 (Decimal degrees)
Latitude (DMS): 33° 32' 35 N
Longitude (DMS): 35° 45' 10 E (Degrees, minutes and seconds)
Çatal Höyük, a mound or hill close to Konya, Turkey. See Çatalhöyük
Çatalhöyük
Çatalhöyük was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE...
.
Alternative Name: Çatal Hüyük
Area: Konya, in Turkey
Coordinates & Location type:
Latitude: 37.66°
Longitude: 32.753333° (Decimal degrees)
Latitude (DMS): 37° 39′ 36″ N
Longitude (DMS): 32° 45′ 12″ E (Degrees, minutes and seconds)
Prominent family members
| Name | Birth and Death | Legacy |
|---|---|---|
| Elias Peter Hoayek Elias Peter Hoayek Elias Peter Hoayek , was Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites, the largest Christian community in the Middle East from 1898 to 1931 when he died.... |
1843–1931 | Maronite Patriarch of Antioch |
| Saadallah Howayek Saadallah Howayek Saadallah Howayek was a politician from the Ottoman period. He lived in Helta, Lebanon and served in the Administration Council for Mount Lebanon between the years 1902 and 1907.-Election to council:... |
1853–1915 | Member of Mount Lebanon's first administrative council |
| Youssef (Joseph) Howayek Youssef Howayek Youssef Saadallah Howayek a painter and sculptor from Helta, in modern day Lebanon.-Career:Youssef Farroukh's father, Saadallah Howayek, was a Councillor elected into the Ottoman Mutasarref's Administrative Council. His grandfather was the village priest and his uncle was the Patriarch... |
1883–1962 | Sculptor and Painter |
Mayors and Judiciaries
- Gebran Khalil Hoyek (1919–1991), was a Judge for 40 years in the judiciary system, served 21 years as president of the BaalbekBaalbekBaalbek is a town in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon, altitude , situated east of the Litani River. It is famous for its exquisitely detailed yet monumentally scaled temple ruins of the Roman period, when Baalbek, then known as Heliopolis, was one of the largest sanctuaries in the Empire...
-HermelHermelHermel is a Shia Muslim town in Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon. It's the capital of the Hermel District. Hermel is home to a Lebanese Red Cross First Aid Center.-Hermel plains:...
court of justice, was a Member of the supreme court of justice and awarded the Commodore National Cedars Medal (وسام الأرز الوطني من رتبة كومندور’) from the President of the Lebanese Republic. He is the president of the Hoyek family society. - José Hawayek (189? – 198?) was mayor of HatilloHatillo, Puerto RicoHatillo is a municipality located on Puerto Rico's north coast, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Lares and Utuado to the south, Camuy to the west, and Arecibo to the east. According to the 2000 US Census Hatillo is spread over 9 wards and Hatillo Pueblo...
from 1940 to 1944 - Chafic Saad Hoyek (1928–1999) served as mayor of BdadounBdadounBdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
for several years. During his tenure many projects were completed one of which was building the current municipal center. - Habib Youssef Hawayek, mayor of BdadounBdadounBdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
- Michel Abdelnour Hawayek, mayor of BdadounBdadounBdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
- Adão Ortiz Houayek, mayor of AlegreteAlegreteAlegrete is a town and a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul located in southern Brazil. Its medium altitude is 102 m. Its estimated population in 2008 was 78,984 inhabitants and the total area is 7,803.967 km² . Its inhabitants are called Alegretenses.Alegrete was settled in 1816 and became a...
, BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. Came to office in 1977. - Youssef El Hoyek: First Mayor of Bdadoun, 1950
Artists, Writers and Thinkers
- Youssef Fares Saad Howayek (1873–1960) Poet and Philisopher acquired a Diploma Of Study graduating at the top of his class from College De La Sagesse (Achrafiieh). He became the principal/teacher in the Souk El Gharb Christian Protestant High School which later became The American UniversityAmerican UniversityAmerican University is a private, Methodist, liberal arts, and research university in Washington, D.C. The university was chartered by an Act of Congress on December 5, 1892 as "The American University", which was approved by President Benjamin Harrison on February 24, 1893...
Of Beirut (AUB) - Erik Fernandez Juallek, musician
- Elias Howayek (1904–1986) artist
- Elias Leon Howayek, journalist
- Suleiman Howayek, from JezzineJezzineJezzine is a town in Lebanon, located from Sidon and south of Beirut. Surrounded by mountain peaks, pine forests, and at an average altitude of 950 m , it is the main summer resort and tourist destination of South Lebanon...
, active at time of French Mandate in Lebanon - Elias Tannous (Anthony) Howayek, from BdadounBdadounBdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
, Foreign language scribe at Ottoman times - Sabeh Najib Asaad Hoyek (1907–1991) from BdadounBdadounBdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
, Historian and Poet: awarded an Honorary Medal of Knowledge from the Lebanese Ministry of Education in 1974. - Khalil Khoury Hawayek, poet and educator. He formed and created the family tree in the 1960s.
- Camille Faris Hoyek, writer of Criminal Incendiarism, in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1931–1951)
- Georges Najm El Hoyek, writer of Daliluka fi qawanin al-dara'ib ghayr al-mubashirah wa-ta'dilatiha (Taxes; Lebanon; laws and legislation) LCN: 99897150
- Pascal Hoayek, co-writer of the popular comedy series SeinfeldSeinfeldSeinfeld is an American television sitcom that originally aired on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998, lasting nine seasons, and is now in syndication. It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself...
.
Community Leaders
- Leyla Hoyek El-Hajj, from Bdadoun, is one of Lebanon’s ten Real Estate Registry Directors, appointed by Presidential Decree, serving under the Government of Lebanon (GOL), and the only Lebanese woman to hold this position (full directorship) to date. Although several junior female assistant and acting directors of estate registries have emerged over the past 10 years she was at the time of her appointment to Assistant Director of the Real Estate Registry in JouniehJouniehJounieh is a Mediterranean coastal city about 16 kilometers north of Beirut, Lebanon. Jounieh is known for its seaside resorts, pubs, restaurants and nightclubs, as well as its old stone souk, ferry, and cablecar , which takes passengers up the mountain to the shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon in...
, Keserouane Casa, in 1995 the first and only Lebanese lady to occupy a similar position. She has held full directorship positions in different cazas and districts in Lebanon, namely BaabdaBaabdaBaabda is the capital city of Baabda District as well as the capital of Mount Lebanon Governorate, western Lebanon. Baabda was the capital city of the autonomous Ottoman Mount Lebanon....
and the BeqaaBeqaa GovernorateBeqaa is a governorate in Lebanon with a population of 750,000 inhabitants.-Geography:The Beqaa governorate covers an area of 4,429 km². Béqaa is the primary center of Lebanon's agriculture. The Beqaa governorate forms the main geographical extension of Lebanon and it lies between the Western...
, and is the author of “Real Estate Properties in Lebanon: Legal Procedures in Jurisprudence, Legislation, and Application.” . - Antoine Joubran Hoyek, from BdadounBdadounBdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
, Agricultural engineer, chairman of Lebanon's General Syndicate of Agricultural Producers and Chairman of the Association of Lebanese farmers. He is researcher in genetics and plants tissue culture. He owns a Laboratory for Plants tissue culture in Bdedoun. A well known economist, his studies are published frequently in Lebanese Journals. - Elias Huayek Huayek (1904–1987), nephew of Patriarch Elias Pedro HuayekElias Peter HoayekElias Peter Hoayek , was Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites, the largest Christian community in the Middle East from 1898 to 1931 when he died....
was born in Aaoura, Batrun, in 1904. He emigrated to MexicoMexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
in 1923 and settled in Villa GuerreroVilla GuerreroThe municipality of Villa Guerrero is located in the north of the state of Jalisco, México, between 103°22'30 and 103°50'00 longitude west and 21°54'00 and 22°10'00 latitude north, at an altitude of above sea level....
, Mexico. In 1943 he moved to México CityMexico CityMexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
where he died on 27 March 1987. He is held in high regard by both the Lebanese and Mexican communities. - Leon Michel Hoyek, born in 1944, is founder and president of three Health Dispensaries established in 1987 under the name of "Human Development Movement" in Batrun, LebanonLebanonLebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
. He played an important role during the Lebanese civil warLebanese Civil WarThe Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon. The war lasted from 1975 to 1990 and resulted in an estimated 150,000 to 230,000 civilian fatalities. Another one million people were wounded, and today approximately 350,000 people remain displaced. There was also a mass exodus of...
supplying individuals in need with the proper health and food services. He is the current occupant of Patriarch Elias Hoyek'sElias Peter HoayekElias Peter Hoayek , was Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites, the largest Christian community in the Middle East from 1898 to 1931 when he died....
house in Helta, Batrun. - Khalil Saeed Asaad Hawayek (1892–1977), born in BdadounBdadounBdadoun is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the district of Aley . It has an estimated population of 3000. It is 490 meters above sea level and 15 kilometres from the capital Beirut...
, The Grand Master of the Masonic LodgeMasonic LodgeThis article is about the Masonic term for a membership group. For buildings named Masonic Lodge, see Masonic Lodge A Masonic Lodge, often termed a Private Lodge or Constituent Lodge, is the basic organisation of Freemasonry...
in Puerto Rico and U.S.A. - Georges Yazbek El Hoyek (1904–1984): One of the First Topographers who worked under French colonisation on the topography of Lebanon