Heim theory
Encyclopedia
Heim theory is a physics theory, initially proposed by a German physicist, the late Burkhard Heim
, that attempts to develop a theory of everything
. Heim theory's six dimensional model was later extended to eight and twelve dimensions, in collaboration with W. Dröscher. Walter Dröscher
and Jochem Häuser have attempted to apply it to nonconventional space propulsion and faster than light concepts, as well as the origin of dark matter
. Heim theory has been criticized because much of the original work and subsequent theories were not initially peer review
ed. Heim eventually published some of his work in 1977 and more recently aspects of Extended Heim Theory have also been submitted to the scientific community's inspection.
Heim attempted to resolve incompatibilities between quantum theory
and general relativity
. To meet that goal, he developed a mathematical approach based on quantizing spacetime, and proposed the "metron" as a (two-dimensional) quantum
of (multidimensional) space. Part of the theory is formulated in terms of difference operators; Heim called this type of mathematical formalism Selector calculus.
of Heim theory, elementary particles are represented as "hermetry forms" or multidimensional structures of space. Heim has claimed that his theory yields particle masses directly from fundamental physical constants and that the resulting masses are in agreement with experiment. This claim was disputed by physicist John Reed in 2006, who subsequently changed his mind with further research and now thinks there is something to Heim's theory. In the Physics Forum, Sept. 4 2007, Reed wrote, "I'm more convinced now that there is really something to his theory. I don't understand much of the math yet. It's very complicated and different from anything I'm familiar with. I have a Ph.D. in physics so I know something about physics."
For Heim, this composite nature was an expression of internal, six-dimensional structure. After his death, others have continued with his multi-dimensional "quantum hyperspace" framework. Most notable are the theoretical generalizations put forth by Walter Dröscher
, who worked in collaboration with Heim at some length. Their combined theories are also known as "Heim-Droescher" theories or Extended Heim theory.
There are some differences between the original "Heim Theory" and the extended versions proposed by his successors. For example, in its original version Heim theory has six dimensions, i.e. the 4 of normal space-time with two extra timelike dimensions. Droescher first extended this to eight and claimed that this yields quantum electrodynamics
along with the "particle zoo" of meson
s and baryon
s. Later, four more dimensions were used to arrive at the twelve dimensional version, which involves extra gravitational forces; one of these corresponds to quintessence
.
Although it purports to unify quantum mechanics and gravitation, the original Heim theory cannot be considered a theory of everything
because it does not incorporate all known experimental data. In particular, it gives predictions only for properties of individual particles, without making detailed predictions about how they interact. The theory also allows for particle states that don't exist in the Standard Model
, including a neutral
electron
and two extra light neutrino
s, and many other extra states. Presently, there is no known mechanism for the exclusion of these extra particles, nor an explanation for their non-observation. Although it is claimed that Heim theory can incorporate the modern structure of particle physics
, the available results predict the masses for composite hadron
s rather than quark
s and do not include gluon
s or the W and Z bosons
, which are experimentally very well-established. In Heim theory, quarks are interpreted as 'condensation zones' of the six-dimensional internal structure of the particles, and the gluons are asserted to be associated with one of the "hermetry forms".
Heim theory predicts a neutral electron, although in a popular talk, Heim notes that while a neutral electron is allowed by his theory, it is not required. It would be difficult to reconcile a prediction of a neutral electron with the lack of any observation of the particle . According to the Totalitarian principle
that every interaction not forbidden must occur, such a light neutral particle should be one of the possible end products of the decay of every known elementary particle, and so theoretically has a small probability of occurring in every experiment involving particle collisions.
The predicted masses were claimed to have been derived by Heim using only 4 parameters - h (Planck's Constant), G (Gravitational constant
), vacuum permittivity and permeability
.
Heim theorists responded with a rebuttal.
According to a 2006 posting to the "PhysicsOrgForum" by John Reed, the apparent success of the Heim theory predicting particle masses may be illusory. Nevertheless, since the excited states calculated were in fact "useless" (according to Reed), it was unclear whether any other predictions of the Heim theory remain.
In a later posting in August 2007, Reed received the updated 1989 mass formula code from the Heim theory group, and on the basis of this, withdrew the assertion that both the 1989 and 1982 code almost certainly used quantum numbers based on the A matrix.
On September 4, Reed reported on results obtained by the updated 1989 formula:
There exists a preliminary version of this derivation available on-line. This version still may contain some errors, and the authors, the Heim Theory Group, are in the process of checking and amending it.
More recently, Reed has said:
et al., partly funded by European Space Agency
, may have produced the first evidence of artificial gravity (about 18 orders of magnitude greater than what General Relativity
predicts). , groups at Berkeley
and elsewhere were attempting to reproduce this effect. By applying their 'gravito-photon' theory to bosons, Dröscher and Häuser were able to predict the size and direction of the effect. A further prediction of Heim-Dröscher theory shows how a different arrangement of the experiment by Tajmar et al. could produce a vertical force against the direction of the Earth's gravity.
However, in July 2007, a group in Canterbury
, New Zealand
, said that they failed to reproduce Tajmar et al.s effect, concluding that, based on the accuracy of the experiment, any such effect, if it exists, must be 21 times smaller than that predicted by the theory proposed by Tajmar in 2006. Tajmar et al., however, interpreted a trend in the Canterbury data of the order expected, though almost hidden by noise. They also reported on their own improved laser gyro measurements of the effect, but this time found 'parity breaking' in that only for clockwise spin did they note an effect, whilst for the Canterbury group there was only an anti-clockwise effect . In the same paper, the Heim-Theory explanation of the effect is, for the first time, cited as a possible cause of the artificial gravity. Tajmar has recently found additional support from Gravity Probe B
results.
, employed by Burkhard Heim
in formulating his theory of physics.
The differencing operator is intended to be analogous to taking derivatives of functions.
(which Heim calls Metrondifferential in German) is defined to be the same as 
in difference operator. The summation operator is intended to be analogous with integration. Instead of using the integral sign, Heim substitutes a bold italicised capital S for the typical integral sign. In this case
Note that
.
:Category:Theories of gravitation for mainstream alternatives to general relativity
Description of the theory in a (non-mainstream) scientific journal paper:
"Basic thoughts on a unified field theory of matter and gravity" - Burkhard Heim's presentation to MBB engineers in 1976 (version 1.2en 2007).
The heart of the Heim theory is presented in a much simpler form here than in the detailed derivation which appeared in the original works (Elementarstrukturen der Materie - volume 1 and 2.) So this lecture is highly recommended for anybody who wants to go deeper into the basic ideas and systematics of the Heim theory.
Maps showing the train of thought of the first 5 chapters of Elementary structures of matter up to the derivation of 6-dimensional quantized space.
Burkhard Heim
Burkhard Heim was a German theoretical physicist. He devoted a large portion of his life to the pursuit of his unified field theory, Heim theory. One of his childhood ambitions was to develop a method of space travel, which contributed to his motivation to find such a theory.During World War II,...
, that attempts to develop a theory of everything
Theory of everything
A theory of everything is a putative theory of theoretical physics that fully explains and links together all known physical phenomena, and predicts the outcome of any experiment that could be carried out in principle....
. Heim theory's six dimensional model was later extended to eight and twelve dimensions, in collaboration with W. Dröscher. Walter Dröscher
Walter Dröscher
Walter Dröscher is a physicist who worked at the Austrian Patent office . Now in retirement, he devotes most of his time to developing Heim Theory...
and Jochem Häuser have attempted to apply it to nonconventional space propulsion and faster than light concepts, as well as the origin of dark matter
Dark matter
In astronomy and cosmology, dark matter is matter that neither emits nor scatters light or other electromagnetic radiation, and so cannot be directly detected via optical or radio astronomy...
. Heim theory has been criticized because much of the original work and subsequent theories were not initially peer review
Peer review
Peer review is a process of self-regulation by a profession or a process of evaluation involving qualified individuals within the relevant field. Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards, improve performance and provide credibility...
ed. Heim eventually published some of his work in 1977 and more recently aspects of Extended Heim Theory have also been submitted to the scientific community's inspection.
Heim attempted to resolve incompatibilities between quantum theory
Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics, also known as quantum physics or quantum theory, is a branch of physics providing a mathematical description of much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and interactions of energy and matter. It departs from classical mechanics primarily at the atomic and subatomic...
and general relativity
General relativity
General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916. It is the current description of gravitation in modern physics...
. To meet that goal, he developed a mathematical approach based on quantizing spacetime, and proposed the "metron" as a (two-dimensional) quantum
Quantum
In physics, a quantum is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction. Behind this, one finds the fundamental notion that a physical property may be "quantized," referred to as "the hypothesis of quantization". This means that the magnitude can take on only certain discrete...
of (multidimensional) space. Part of the theory is formulated in terms of difference operators; Heim called this type of mathematical formalism Selector calculus.
Overview
The mathematics behind Heim's theory requires extending spacetime with extra dimensions; various formulations by Heim and his successors involve six, eight, or twelve dimensions. Within the quantum spacetimeQuantum spacetime
In mathematical physics, the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily commute are assumed not to commute and form a different Lie algebra...
of Heim theory, elementary particles are represented as "hermetry forms" or multidimensional structures of space. Heim has claimed that his theory yields particle masses directly from fundamental physical constants and that the resulting masses are in agreement with experiment. This claim was disputed by physicist John Reed in 2006, who subsequently changed his mind with further research and now thinks there is something to Heim's theory. In the Physics Forum, Sept. 4 2007, Reed wrote, "I'm more convinced now that there is really something to his theory. I don't understand much of the math yet. It's very complicated and different from anything I'm familiar with. I have a Ph.D. in physics so I know something about physics."
Walter Dröscher
Walter Dröscher is a physicist who worked at the Austrian Patent office . Now in retirement, he devotes most of his time to developing Heim Theory...
, who worked in collaboration with Heim at some length. Their combined theories are also known as "Heim-Droescher" theories or Extended Heim theory.
There are some differences between the original "Heim Theory" and the extended versions proposed by his successors. For example, in its original version Heim theory has six dimensions, i.e. the 4 of normal space-time with two extra timelike dimensions. Droescher first extended this to eight and claimed that this yields quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved...
along with the "particle zoo" of meson
Meson
In particle physics, mesons are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by the strong interaction. Because mesons are composed of sub-particles, they have a physical size, with a radius roughly one femtometer: 10−15 m, which is about the size of a proton...
s and baryon
Baryon
A baryon is a composite particle made up of three quarks . Baryons and mesons belong to the hadron family, which are the quark-based particles...
s. Later, four more dimensions were used to arrive at the twelve dimensional version, which involves extra gravitational forces; one of these corresponds to quintessence
Quintessence (physics)
In physics, quintessence is a hypothetical form of dark energy postulated as an explanation of observations of an accelerating universe. It has been proposed by some physicists to be a fifth fundamental force...
.
Although it purports to unify quantum mechanics and gravitation, the original Heim theory cannot be considered a theory of everything
Theory of everything
A theory of everything is a putative theory of theoretical physics that fully explains and links together all known physical phenomena, and predicts the outcome of any experiment that could be carried out in principle....
because it does not incorporate all known experimental data. In particular, it gives predictions only for properties of individual particles, without making detailed predictions about how they interact. The theory also allows for particle states that don't exist in the Standard Model
Standard Model
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the mid to late 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon...
, including a neutral
Neutral particle
In physics, a neutral particle is a particle with no electric charge. This is not to be confused with a real neutral particle, a neutral particle that is also identical to its own antiparticle.-Stable or long-lived neutral particles:...
electron
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton...
and two extra light neutrino
Neutrino
A neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with a half-integer spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter almost unaffected...
s, and many other extra states. Presently, there is no known mechanism for the exclusion of these extra particles, nor an explanation for their non-observation. Although it is claimed that Heim theory can incorporate the modern structure of particle physics
Standard Model
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the mid to late 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon...
, the available results predict the masses for composite hadron
Hadron
In particle physics, a hadron is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force...
s rather than quark
Quark
A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never directly...
s and do not include gluon
Gluon
Gluons are elementary particles which act as the exchange particles for the color force between quarks, analogous to the exchange of photons in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles....
s or the W and Z bosons
W and Z bosons
The W and Z bosons are the elementary particles that mediate the weak interaction; their symbols are , and . The W bosons have a positive and negative electric charge of 1 elementary charge respectively and are each other's antiparticle. The Z boson is electrically neutral and its own...
, which are experimentally very well-established. In Heim theory, quarks are interpreted as 'condensation zones' of the six-dimensional internal structure of the particles, and the gluons are asserted to be associated with one of the "hermetry forms".
History
A small group of physicists is now trying to bring the theory to the attention of the scientific community, by publishing and copy-editing Heim's work, and by checking and expanding the relevant calculations. Recently, a series of presentations of Heim theory was made by Häuser, Dröscher and von Ludwiger. A paper based on the former was published in a conference proceedings by the American Institute of Physics journal in 2005 (see table of contents in ) This article has won a prize for the best paper received in 2004 by the AIAA Nuclear and Future Flight Technical Committee. Von Ludwiger's presentation was to the First European Workshop on Field Propulsion, January 20–22, 2001 at the University of Sussex. Dröscher claimed to have successfully extended Heim's six-dimensional theory, which had been sufficient for derivation of the mass formula, to an eight-dimensional theory which included particle interactions.Predictions of the theory
Dröscher and Häuser developed the category of non-ordinary matter in 2008.Heim theory predicts a neutral electron, although in a popular talk, Heim notes that while a neutral electron is allowed by his theory, it is not required. It would be difficult to reconcile a prediction of a neutral electron with the lack of any observation of the particle . According to the Totalitarian principle
Totalitarian principle
In quantum mechanics, Gell-Mann's Totalitarian Principle states: "Everything not forbidden is compulsory." Physicist Murray Gell-Mann borrowed this expression from T.H...
that every interaction not forbidden must occur, such a light neutral particle should be one of the possible end products of the decay of every known elementary particle, and so theoretically has a small probability of occurring in every experiment involving particle collisions.
Heim's predictions for experimental masses
| Particle name | Theoretical mass (MeV/c²) | Experimental mass (MeV/c²) | Absolute error | Relative error | standard deviations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proton Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... |
938.27959 | 938.272029±0.000080 | 0.00756 | 0.00000776 | 94.5 |
| Neutron Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... |
939.57337 | 939.565360±0.000081 | 0.00801 | 0.00000853 | 98.9 |
| Electron Electron The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton... |
0.51100343 | 0.510998918±0.000000044 | 0.00000451 | 0.00000883 | 102.5 |
| Neutral Neutral particle In physics, a neutral particle is a particle with no electric charge. This is not to be confused with a real neutral particle, a neutral particle that is also identical to its own antiparticle.-Stable or long-lived neutral particles:... electron |
0.51617049 | Unobserved | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Particle type | Particle name | Theoretical mass (MeV/c²) | Measured mass (MeV/c²) | Theoretical mean life/10−8 sec | Measured mean life/10−8 sec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lepton | Ele-Neutrino Neutrino A neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with a half-integer spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter almost unaffected... |
0.381 × 10−8 | < 5 × 10−8 | Infinite | Infinite |
| Lepton | Mu -Neutrino Neutrino A neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with a half-integer spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter almost unaffected... |
0.00537 | < 0.17 | Infinite | Infinite |
| Lepton | Tau-Neutrino Neutrino A neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with a half-integer spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter almost unaffected... |
0.010752 | < 18.2 | Infinite | Infinite |
| Lepton | Neutrino 4 | 0.021059 | Excluded by LEP (unless > 45000) |
Infinite | N/A |
| Lepton | Neutrino 5 | 0.207001 | Excluded by LEP (unless > 45000) |
Infinite | N/A |
| Lepton | Electron Electron The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton... |
0.51100343 | 0.51099907 ± 0.00000015 | Infinite | Infinite |
| Lepton | Muon Muon The muon |mu]] used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with a unitary negative electric charge and a spin of ½. Together with the electron, the tau, and the three neutrinos, it is classified as a lepton... |
105.65948493 | 105.658389 ± 0.000034 | 219.94237553 | 219.703 ± 0.004 |
| Baryon | Proton Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... |
938.27959246 | 938.27231 ± 0.00026 | Infinite | Infinite |
| Baryon | Neutron Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... |
939.57336128 | 939.56563 ± 0.00028 | 917.33526856 × 108 | (886.7 ± 1.9) × 108 |
- "measured" = Particle Data Group Cern 2002
- "theoretical" = Heim-theory Group 2003
The predicted masses were claimed to have been derived by Heim using only 4 parameters - h (Planck's Constant), G (Gravitational constant
Gravitational constant
The gravitational constant, denoted G, is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of the gravitational attraction between objects with mass. It appears in Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Einstein's theory of general relativity. It is also known as the universal...
), vacuum permittivity and permeability
Permeability (electromagnetism)
In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself. In other words, it is the degree of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field. Magnetic permeability is typically...
.
Criticism
Physicist Gerhard Bruhn has criticized Heim theory for having a flat M metric.Heim theorists responded with a rebuttal.
According to a 2006 posting to the "PhysicsOrgForum" by John Reed, the apparent success of the Heim theory predicting particle masses may be illusory. Nevertheless, since the excited states calculated were in fact "useless" (according to Reed), it was unclear whether any other predictions of the Heim theory remain.
In a later posting in August 2007, Reed received the updated 1989 mass formula code from the Heim theory group, and on the basis of this, withdrew the assertion that both the 1989 and 1982 code almost certainly used quantum numbers based on the A matrix.
On September 4, Reed reported on results obtained by the updated 1989 formula:
There exists a preliminary version of this derivation available on-line. This version still may contain some errors, and the authors, the Heim Theory Group, are in the process of checking and amending it.
More recently, Reed has said:
Heim's predictions for a quantum gravity force
In the 1950s, Heim had predicted what he termed a 'contrabary' effect whereby photons, under the influence of a strong magnetic field in a certain configuration, could be transformed into 'gravito-photons', which would provide an artificial gravity force. This idea caused great interest at the time. A recent series of experiments by Martin TajmarMartin Tajmar
Martin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
et al., partly funded by European Space Agency
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency , established in 1975, is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 18 member states...
, may have produced the first evidence of artificial gravity (about 18 orders of magnitude greater than what General Relativity
General relativity
General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916. It is the current description of gravitation in modern physics...
predicts). , groups at Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...
and elsewhere were attempting to reproduce this effect. By applying their 'gravito-photon' theory to bosons, Dröscher and Häuser were able to predict the size and direction of the effect. A further prediction of Heim-Dröscher theory shows how a different arrangement of the experiment by Tajmar et al. could produce a vertical force against the direction of the Earth's gravity.
However, in July 2007, a group in Canterbury
Canterbury
Canterbury is a historic English cathedral city, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a district of Kent in South East England. It lies on the River Stour....
, New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, said that they failed to reproduce Tajmar et al.s effect, concluding that, based on the accuracy of the experiment, any such effect, if it exists, must be 21 times smaller than that predicted by the theory proposed by Tajmar in 2006. Tajmar et al., however, interpreted a trend in the Canterbury data of the order expected, though almost hidden by noise. They also reported on their own improved laser gyro measurements of the effect, but this time found 'parity breaking' in that only for clockwise spin did they note an effect, whilst for the Canterbury group there was only an anti-clockwise effect . In the same paper, the Heim-Theory explanation of the effect is, for the first time, cited as a possible cause of the artificial gravity. Tajmar has recently found additional support from Gravity Probe B
Gravity Probe B
Gravity Probe B is a satellite-based mission which launched on 20 April 2004 on a Delta II rocket. The spaceflight phase lasted until 2005; its aim was to measure spacetime curvature near Earth, and thereby the stress–energy tensor in and near Earth...
results.
Selector calculus
Selector calculus is a form of calculusCalculus
Calculus is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. This subject constitutes a major part of modern mathematics education. It has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus, which are related by the fundamental theorem...
, employed by Burkhard Heim
Burkhard Heim
Burkhard Heim was a German theoretical physicist. He devoted a large portion of his life to the pursuit of his unified field theory, Heim theory. One of his childhood ambitions was to develop a method of space travel, which contributed to his motivation to find such a theory.During World War II,...
in formulating his theory of physics.
The differencing operator is intended to be analogous to taking derivatives of functions.
(which Heim calls Metrondifferential in German) is defined to be the same as in difference operator. The summation operator is intended to be analogous with integration. Instead of using the integral sign, Heim substitutes a bold italicised capital S for the typical integral sign. In this caseNote that
.See also
- Burkhard HeimBurkhard HeimBurkhard Heim was a German theoretical physicist. He devoted a large portion of his life to the pursuit of his unified field theory, Heim theory. One of his childhood ambitions was to develop a method of space travel, which contributed to his motivation to find such a theory.During World War II,...
:Category:Theories of gravitation for mainstream alternatives to general relativity
General relativity
General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916. It is the current description of gravitation in modern physics...
- United States gravity control propulsion research (1955 - 1974)United States gravity control propulsion research (1955 - 1974)American interest in "gravity control propulsion research" intensified during the early 1950s. Literature from that period used the terms anti-gravity, anti-gravitation, baricentric, counterbary, electrogravitics , G-projects, gravitics, gravity control, and gravity propulsion...
- Kaluza-Klein theory, a five-dimensional extension of general relativity unifying gravitationGravitationGravitation, or gravity, is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. Gravitation is most familiar as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped...
and electromagnetismElectromagnetismElectromagnetism is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature. The other three are the strong interaction, the weak interaction and gravitation...
. - Mass formulaMass formulaA mass formula is an equation or set of equations in physics which attempts to predict the mass or mass ratios of the subatomic particles.An important step in high energy physics was the discovery of the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula predicting relationships between masses of the members of SU...
- Walter DröscherWalter DröscherWalter Dröscher is a physicist who worked at the Austrian Patent office . Now in retirement, he devotes most of his time to developing Heim Theory...
- Eugene PodkletnovEugene PodkletnovDr Yevgeny Podkletnov is a Russian engineer, formerly affiliated with the Materials Science Department at the Tampere University of Technology, Finland, who is best known for his controversial work on a so-called gravity shielding device...
, allegedly observed gravity shielding effects of rotating superconductors in 1992.
First and second publication in a peer reviewed scientific journal
- Häuser, J., Dröscher, W., Emerging Physics for Novel Field Propulsion Science
Paper presented at the Space, Propulsion & Energy Sciences International Forum SPESIF-2010, Johns Hopkins - APL, Laurel, Maryland, 23–25 February 2010, published by the American Institute of PhysicsAmerican Institute of PhysicsThe American Institute of Physics promotes science, the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies. The AIP is made up of various member societies...
. http://www.hpcc-space.de/publications/documents/AIP2010Hauser.pdf
Theory
Sites offering explanations of and discussions about Heim theory related topics:- Heim Theory, Wiki site and discussion forum
- Website of the research group Heim Theory
- Spiritus-Temporis, offers good description of Heim Theory
- A Physics Forum Thread Discussing Heim Theory
Description of the theory in a (non-mainstream) scientific journal paper:
"Basic thoughts on a unified field theory of matter and gravity" - Burkhard Heim's presentation to MBB engineers in 1976 (version 1.2en 2007).
The heart of the Heim theory is presented in a much simpler form here than in the detailed derivation which appeared in the original works (Elementarstrukturen der Materie - volume 1 and 2.) So this lecture is highly recommended for anybody who wants to go deeper into the basic ideas and systematics of the Heim theory.
Maps showing the train of thought of the first 5 chapters of Elementary structures of matter up to the derivation of 6-dimensional quantized space.
Various Implementations of Heim theory mass formula
Heim's mass formula has been implemented in several programming languages. The first version was implemented by physicists from DESY in collaboration with Burkhard Heim. More recent implementations are available in Java, C, C#, Pascal, Fortran, Excel, Mathematica and Maxima.- Thread about Burkhard Heim's Particle Structure Theory on Physorg Forum offers the source code of the original Heim / DESY Fortran implementation as well as more recent implementations.
- Project Heim-Theory on Sourceforge offers source code of some of the recent implementations.
- Heim Mass Calculator The Java implementation as an applet (runs directly in the web browser).
- Protosimplex The Protosimplex site was among the first to offer a popularized introduction of Heim theory in both German and English. The Excel Worksheet Heim Mass Calculator is available there.
Conference proceedings
- http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/confproceed/746.jsp
- http://proceedings.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=APCPCS&Volume=746&Issue=1
Propulsion physics
- Heim, B. (1956). "Bericht über die Entwicklung des Prinzips der dynamischen Kontrabarie" [A report on the development of the principle of dynamic contrabarie]. New Boston, New Hampshire: Gravity Research FoundationGravity Research FoundationThe Gravity Research Foundation, established in 1948 by businessman Roger Babson , was an organization designed to find ways to implement gravitational shielding...
(original and English translation are available). - Heim, B. (1959a). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie." Zeitschrift für Flugkörper, 1(4), 100-102.repro online (pdf, German)
- Talbert, A. E. (1955a, November 20). "Conquest of gravity aim of top scientists in U.S.," New York Herald-Tribune: Sunday, pp. 1 and 36.
- Talbert, A. E. (1955b, November 30). "Scientists taking first steps in assault on gravity barrier," The Miami Herald: Wednesday, pp. 1, 2-A.
- Watson, J. T. (1961, February). "Gravitational control research" (Master’s thesis). (DTIC No. AD-0253588)
- Weyl, A. R. (1957, October). ‘Anti-gravity’. Aeronautics, 37(2), 80-86. (British Aviation Publications).
- Weyl, A. R. (1959a, January). "Knowledge and possibilities of gravity research" (DTIC No. AD-0830247). W. R. Eichler (Trans.) Weltraumfahrt; Zeitschrift für Rakententechnik, 9, 100-106 (original work published December 1958).
- Weyl, A. R. (1959b, February). "Gravity and the prospects for astronautics." Aeronautics, 59(6), 16-22. (British Aviation Publications).
- Papers by Walter DröscherWalter DröscherWalter Dröscher is a physicist who worked at the Austrian Patent office . Now in retirement, he devotes most of his time to developing Heim Theory...
and Jochem Häuser at HPCC-Space GmbH- Physical Principles of Advanced Space Propulsion Based on Heim's Field Theory 2002
- Future Space Propulsion Device Based on Heim's Field Theory 2003 presentation
- Guidelines for a Space Propulsion Device Based on Heim's Quantum Theory 2004 AIAA Best Paper (pdf: A4, US letter)
- Magnet Experiment to Measuring Space Propulsion Heim-Lorentz Force 2005 presentation
- Spacetime Physics and Advanced Propulsion Concepts August 2006 paper (revised and extended version)
- Current Research in Gravito-Electromagnetic Space Propulsion April 2007 paper
- Advanced Propulsion Systems from Artificial Gravitational Fields August 2007 paper
- Gravity-Like Fields and Space Propulsion Concepts July 2008 paper
- Emerging Physics for Novel Field Propulsion March 2009 paper
- Gravitational Field Propulsion August 2009 paper
- Coupled Gravitational Fields-A New Paradigm for Propulsion Science September 2010 paper
- The Physics of Burkhard Heim and its Applications to Space Propulsion by Illobrand von Ludwiger 2001
- NASANASAThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...
Breakthrough Propulsion Physics (BPP) Project - Artificial Gravitational Field Generated in the Laboratory? Heim theory confirmed?
- Papers by Martin TajmarMartin TajmarMartin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
et al. about ESA experiments which according to Dröscher/Häuser show gravito-magnetic effect of Heim-Lorentz force predicted by Extended Heim Theory:- Experimental Detection of the Gravitomagnetic London Moment (PDF) M. TajmarMartin TajmarMartin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
experiment (July 2006) - Measurement of Gravitomagnetic and Acceleration Fields Around Rotating Superconductors (PDF) M. TajmarMartin TajmarMartin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
improved experiment (October 2006) - Search for Frame-Dragging in the Vicinity of Spinning Superconductors (PDF) M. TajmarMartin TajmarMartin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
paper which references Dröscher/Häuser (July 2007)
- Experimental Detection of the Gravitomagnetic London Moment (PDF) M. Tajmar
- Eric W. Davis: Review of Gravity Control Within Newtonian and General Relativistic Physics.; pp. 218 – 221: Heim's Quantum Theory for Space Propulsion. in: Marc G. Millis (et al.): Frontiers of Propulsion Science. American Inst. of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Reston 2009, ISBN 1-56347-956-7
News items
- Welcome to Mars express: only a three hour trip, The Scotsman, 2006-01-05
- Take a leap into hyperspace, New Scientist, 2006-01-05
- Spaceships of the future to take humans to Mars in 2.5 hours, Pravda, 2006-02-16
- Testing Heim's theories, New Scientist, 2006-02-18
- Towards a new test of general relativity?, (M.TajmarMartin TajmarMartin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
gravimagnetic field experiment) European Space Agency News, 2006-03-23 - Anti-gravity Effect? Gravitational Equivalent Of A Magnetic Field Measured In Lab, Science Daily article about M. Tajmar'sMartin TajmarMartin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
work, 2006-03-26 - Light shed on mysterious particle - Neutrino, BBC, 2006-03-31
- Gravity's secret, New Scientist, Article about gravitomagnetic experiments performed by M.TajmarMartin TajmarMartin Tajmar is a research scientist and project manager in the Space Propulsion group at Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf. He has research interests in new space propulsion systems, and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity....
and de Matos, 2006-11-11