Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
Encyclopedia
Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha was an Ottoman
grand vizier
. His father Nuh was a Venetian
convert who worked in İstanbul
as a doctor and his mother Safiye was a Turk
. His epithet Hekimoğlu means son of doctor.
(in Tokat Province
, Turkey
), Yeniil (south of Sivas Province
, Turkey), Adana
(in Turkey), Aleppo
(in Syria
) as a governor. He fought during Ottoman-Persian War (1722–1727) and captured Tebriz. After the treaty of Hamedan in 1727, he worked in Sharazor
(in Iraq
) and Sivas. During the new war against Persia he was appointed as the commander of the front . He captured Urmia
and Tebriz (second time).
). For this task he employed a French convert named Claude Alexandre de Bonneval
(later known as known as Humbaracı Ahmet Pasha). He was suspicious of embattled Russia
. So he tried to end the war against Persia. But his peace policy met with criticism and, during a council of war held in the palace, sultan Mahmut I dismissed him.
island (of Greece
), Bosnia
(Bosnia Herzegovina) , Egypt and Anatolia
(Asiatic part of Turkey). In Bosnia he defeated the Austrians
at the Battle of Banja Luka
during the Russo-Austrian-Turkish War (1735–1739) and he supported the grand vizier İvaz Mehmet Pasha
in the siege of Belgrade (1739). In Egypt he the suppressed the uprising of the Mamluks.
. But the sultan refused Ali Pasha's campaign plan and he dismissed Ali Pasha, accusing of not taking measures in the Eastern front.
(in Greece), Ochakiv
(in Ukraina), Vidin
(in Bulgaria
) and Trabzon
(in Turkey) in rapid sequence. In Trabzon he was able to end the chaos created by the local leaders.
was under the influence of the palace people. When Ali Pasha refused to obey the sultan's order to execute a young prince the sultan jailed him. He barely escaped being executed by the intercession of the valide sultan
Şehsuvar
.
he was expelled to Magosa (in Cyprus) and Rhodes
island (in Greece) . Although he was given pardon in 1757, he died (of natural causes) in Kütahya
(in Turkey).
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
grand vizier
Grand Vizier
Grand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...
. His father Nuh was a Venetian
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
convert who worked in İstanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
as a doctor and his mother Safiye was a Turk
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
. His epithet Hekimoğlu means son of doctor.
Early years
He worked in various districts (and provinces) of the empire like ZileZile
', also known as Zela, is a city and a district of Tokat Province, Turkey. Zile lies to the south of Amasya and the west of Tokat in north-central Turkey...
(in Tokat Province
Tokat Province
Tokat Province is a province in northern Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Amasya to the northwest, Yozgat to the southwest, Sivas to the southeast, and Ordu to the northeast...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
), Yeniil (south of Sivas Province
Sivas Province
The Sivas Province is a province of Turkey. It located at the eastern part of the Central Anatolian region of Turkey; it is the second largest province in Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Yozgat to the west, Kayseri to the southwest, Kahramanmaraş to the south, Malatya to the southeast, Erzincan...
, Turkey), Adana
Adana
Adana is a city in southern Turkey and a major agricultural and commercial center. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 30 kilometres inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia...
(in Turkey), Aleppo
Aleppo
Aleppo is the largest city in Syria and the capital of Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an official population of 2,301,570 , expanding to over 2.5 million in the metropolitan area, it is also one of the largest cities in the Levant...
(in Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
) as a governor. He fought during Ottoman-Persian War (1722–1727) and captured Tebriz. After the treaty of Hamedan in 1727, he worked in Sharazor
Sharazor
Sharazor was the name of a Sassanid district , Kurdish kingdom, Ottoman vilayet and finally a Sanjak of Mosul vilayet situated to the southern and eastern part of what is now known as Iraqi Kurdistan....
(in Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
) and Sivas. During the new war against Persia he was appointed as the commander of the front . He captured Urmia
Urmia
- Demographics :According to official census of 2006, the population of Urmia is about 871,204.- Language :The population of Urmia is mainly Azerbaijani people, with Kurdish, Assyrian Christian, and Armenian minorities...
and Tebriz (second time).
First term as grand vizier
During his first term (13 March 1732 – 14 July 1735) he tried to reform the army by establishing a new artillery corps named Humbaracı (HowitzerHowitzer
A howitzer is a type of artillery piece characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles at relatively high trajectories, with a steep angle of descent...
). For this task he employed a French convert named Claude Alexandre de Bonneval
Claude Alexandre de Bonneval
Claude Alexandre, Comte de Bonneval was a French army officer who later went into the service of the Ottoman Empire, eventually converting to Islam and becoming known as Humbaracı Ahmet Paşa....
(later known as known as Humbaracı Ahmet Pasha). He was suspicious of embattled Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. So he tried to end the war against Persia. But his peace policy met with criticism and, during a council of war held in the palace, sultan Mahmut I dismissed him.
After the first term
After his first term, Ali Pasha continued as a governor. He was appointed to CreteCrete
Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits...
island (of Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
), Bosnia
Bosnia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Bosnia or Bosnia Beylerbeylik was a eyalet and beylerbeylik of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia...
(Bosnia Herzegovina) , Egypt and Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
(Asiatic part of Turkey). In Bosnia he defeated the Austrians
Austrians
Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....
at the Battle of Banja Luka
Battle of Banja Luka
The battle of Banja Luka was a battle in which the Ottomans, led by Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, defeated the Holy Roman Empire. It took place on 4 August 1737 near the Bosnian town of Banja Luka...
during the Russo-Austrian-Turkish War (1735–1739) and he supported the grand vizier İvaz Mehmet Pasha
İvaz Mehmet Pasha
İvaz Mehmed Pasha or Hacı İvaz Mehmed Pasha was an 18th-century Ottoman grand vizier .- Early life :His family was among the group of families known as Evlad'ı Fatihan, i.e., descendants of the early Turkish fighters in Rumeli, the European portion of the empire. Upon the recommendation of his...
in the siege of Belgrade (1739). In Egypt he the suppressed the uprising of the Mamluks.
Second term as grand vizier
During his second term (21 April 1742 – 4 October 1743) the most important problem was the new war against Persia now ruled by Nadir Shah of Afsharid dynastyAfsharid dynasty
The Afsharids were members of an Iranian dynasty of Turkmen origin from Khorasan who ruled Persia in the 18th century. The dynasty was founded in 1736 by the military commander Nader Shah who deposed the last member of the Safavid dynasty and proclaimed himself King of Iran. During Nader's reign,...
. But the sultan refused Ali Pasha's campaign plan and he dismissed Ali Pasha, accusing of not taking measures in the Eastern front.
After the second term
After the second term he was appointed to Mitilini island (of Greece), Crete, Bosnia, TrikalaTrikala
Trikala is a city in northwestern Thessaly, Greece. It is the capital of the Trikala peripheral unit, and is located NW of Athens, NW, of Karditsa, E of Ioannina and Metsovo, S of Grevena, SW of Thessaloniki, and W of Larissa...
(in Greece), Ochakiv
Ochakiv
Ochakiv is a city in the Mykolaiv Oblast of southern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Ochakivsky Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located on a peninsula in the Black Sea, at the entrance to the Dnieper Rivers's estuary,...
(in Ukraina), Vidin
Vidin
Vidin is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin...
(in Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
) and Trabzon
Trabzon
Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Iran in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast...
(in Turkey) in rapid sequence. In Trabzon he was able to end the chaos created by the local leaders.
Third term as grand vizier
His third term was very short (16 February 1755 – 19 May 1755). The new sultan Osman IIIOsman III
Osman III or Othman IIIText not available was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1754 to 1757.-Biography:...
was under the influence of the palace people. When Ali Pasha refused to obey the sultan's order to execute a young prince the sultan jailed him. He barely escaped being executed by the intercession of the valide sultan
Valide Sultan
Valide Sultan was the title held by the mother of a ruling Sultan in the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish pronunciation of the word Valide is . The title is sometimes translated as Queen Mother, although the position of Valide Sultan was quite different.The position was perhaps the most important...
Şehsuvar
Şehsuvar Sultan
Şehsuvar Valide Sultan , born as Marija, was the Serbian spouse of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa II and Valide Sultan to their son Osman III...
.
After the third term
After being jailed in Kızkulesi (Maidens' Tower) in İstanbulIstanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
he was expelled to Magosa (in Cyprus) and Rhodes
Rhodes
Rhodes is an island in Greece, located in the eastern Aegean Sea. It is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, with a population of 117,007, and also the island group's historical capital. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within...
island (in Greece) . Although he was given pardon in 1757, he died (of natural causes) in Kütahya
Kütahya
Kütahya is a city in western Turkey with 212,444 inhabitants , lying on the Porsuk river, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Kütahya Province, inhabited by some 517 804 people...
(in Turkey).