Henry Nottidge Moseley
Encyclopedia
Henry Nottidge Moseley, FRS (14 November 1844 - 10 November 1891) was a British naturalist
who sailed on the global scientific expedition of the HMS Challenger
in 1872 through 1876.
Moseley was born in Wandsworth, London, the son of the Canon Henry Moseley FRS (himself Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at King's College London, Schools Inspector, Canon of Bristol and Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen). He was educated at Harrow
, Oxford (Arts), and at the University of London
(medicine). He married Amabel Gwyn Jeffreys, daughter of the conchologist J. Gwyn Jeffries, FRS in 1881, and they were the parents of the noted British
physicist
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley
.
Moseley delivered the Royal Society
Croonian Lecture
in 1878 and was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1879.
He participated as naturalist
in expeditions to Ceylon, to California
, and to Oregon
, and most notably he was in the HMS Challenger
expedition of 1872 through 1876 which covered over 120,000 km. of the world's oceans. Moseley began working at the University of London
in 1879, and he was awarded the Linacre chair of human and comparative anatomy
at the University of Oxford
in 1881. Moseley exerted significant influences on his noted students Halford Mackinder and Walter Garstang
, who changed his career choice from medicine
to zoology
under Moseley's supervision. Moseley was awarded the Royal Society's Royal Medal
in 1887.
Moseley's publications include :
Moseley studied invertebrate
biology and the phylogeny of arthropod
s, coral
, and molluscs.
Moseley is commemorated in the Latin name of the species, Northern Rockhopper Penguin
, the Eudyptes moseleyi.
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...
who sailed on the global scientific expedition of the HMS Challenger
Challenger expedition
The Challenger expedition of 1872–76 was a scientific exercise that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was named after the mother vessel, HMS Challenger....
in 1872 through 1876.
Moseley was born in Wandsworth, London, the son of the Canon Henry Moseley FRS (himself Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at King's College London, Schools Inspector, Canon of Bristol and Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen). He was educated at Harrow
Harrow School
Harrow School, commonly known simply as "Harrow", is an English independent school for boys situated in the town of Harrow, in north-west London.. The school is of worldwide renown. There is some evidence that there has been a school on the site since 1243 but the Harrow School we know today was...
, Oxford (Arts), and at the University of London
University of London
-20th century:Shortly after 6 Burlington Gardens was vacated, the University went through a period of rapid expansion. Bedford College, Royal Holloway and the London School of Economics all joined in 1900, Regent's Park College, which had affiliated in 1841 became an official divinity school of the...
(medicine). He married Amabel Gwyn Jeffreys, daughter of the conchologist J. Gwyn Jeffries, FRS in 1881, and they were the parents of the noted British
British people
The British are citizens of the United Kingdom, of the Isle of Man, any of the Channel Islands, or of any of the British overseas territories, and their descendants...
physicist
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley
Henry Moseley
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley was an English physicist. Moseley's outstanding contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra...
.
Moseley delivered the Royal Society
Royal Society
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London"...
Croonian Lecture
Croonian Lecture
The Croonian Lectures are prestigious lectureships given at the invitation of the Royal Society and the Royal College of Physicians.Among the papers of William Croone at his death in 1684, was a plan to endow one lectureship at both the Royal Society and the Royal College of Physicians...
in 1878 and was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1879.
He participated as naturalist
Naturalist
Naturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...
in expeditions to Ceylon, to California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, and to Oregon
Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern...
, and most notably he was in the HMS Challenger
HMS Challenger
Eight ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Challenger, most famously the survey vessel Challenger that carried the Challenger expedition from 1872 to 1876....
expedition of 1872 through 1876 which covered over 120,000 km. of the world's oceans. Moseley began working at the University of London
University of London
-20th century:Shortly after 6 Burlington Gardens was vacated, the University went through a period of rapid expansion. Bedford College, Royal Holloway and the London School of Economics all joined in 1900, Regent's Park College, which had affiliated in 1841 became an official divinity school of the...
in 1879, and he was awarded the Linacre chair of human and comparative anatomy
Linacre Chair of Zoology
The position of Linacre Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford was founded in 1860, initially as the Linacre Professorship of Physiology and then as the chair of Human and Comparative Anatomy, although its origins can be traced back a further 300 years, to the Linacre Lectureships at...
at the University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
in 1881. Moseley exerted significant influences on his noted students Halford Mackinder and Walter Garstang
Walter Garstang
Walter Garstang , a Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, was a marine biologist and zoologist who was one of the first to study the functional biology of marine invertebrate larvae...
, who changed his career choice from medicine
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
to zoology
Zoology
Zoology |zoölogy]]), is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct...
under Moseley's supervision. Moseley was awarded the Royal Society's Royal Medal
Royal Medal
The Royal Medal, also known as The Queen's Medal, is a silver-gilt medal awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge" and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences" made within the Commonwealth of...
in 1887.
Moseley's publications include :
- On Oregon (1878).
- On the Structure of the Sylasteridae (1878).
- Notes by a Naturalist on the Challenger (1879).
Moseley studied invertebrate
Invertebrate
An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. The group includes 97% of all animal species – all animals except those in the chordate subphylum Vertebrata .Invertebrates form a paraphyletic group...
biology and the phylogeny of arthropod
Arthropod
An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton , a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Arthropods are members of the phylum Arthropoda , and include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others...
s, coral
Coral
Corals are marine animals in class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria typically living in compact colonies of many identical individual "polyps". The group includes the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.A coral "head" is a colony of...
, and molluscs.
Moseley is commemorated in the Latin name of the species, Northern Rockhopper Penguin
Northern Rockhopper Penguin
The Northern Rockhopper Penguin, Eudyptes c. moseleyi, is usually considered a subspecies of rockhopper penguin, although fairly recent studies show evidence of distinction from the Southern Rockhopper Penguin group Eudyptes c. chrysocome/E. c. filholi.A study published in 2009 showed that the...
, the Eudyptes moseleyi.