Henryk Arctowski
Encyclopedia
Henryk Arctowski was a Polish
scientist, oceanographer and Antarctica's explorer.
Henryck Arctowski, PhD, was born in Warsaw
on 15 July 1871, and educated in Paris, Liege, Zurich and Lemberg. He was in charge of physical observations on the Belgian Antarctic Expedition
(the Belgica
Expedition) of 1897–1899. This was the first expedition to spend the winter in the Antarctic. Shipmates included Roald Amundsen
and Frederick A. Cook. Arctowski joined The Explorers Club
in New York in 1920.
His name has been given to a phenomenon in which a halo resembling a rainbow
, with two other partial arcs symmetrical to the main one, forms around the sun as light is refracted through ice crystals in the atmosphere.
In Antarctica:
In Spitsbergen
:
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
scientist, oceanographer and Antarctica's explorer.
Henryck Arctowski, PhD, was born in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
on 15 July 1871, and educated in Paris, Liege, Zurich and Lemberg. He was in charge of physical observations on the Belgian Antarctic Expedition
Belgian Antarctic Expedition
The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897 to 1899, named after its expedition vessel Belgica, was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region.- Preparation and Surveying :...
(the Belgica
RV Belgica
Belgica was and is the name of two Belgian research vessels, with a name derived ultimately from the Latin Gallia Belgica.See also...
Expedition) of 1897–1899. This was the first expedition to spend the winter in the Antarctic. Shipmates included Roald Amundsen
Roald Amundsen
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole between 1910 and 1912 and he was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is also known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage....
and Frederick A. Cook. Arctowski joined The Explorers Club
The Explorers Club
The Explorers Club is a professional society dedicated to scientific exploration of Earth, its oceans, and outer space. Founded in 1904 in New York City, it currently has 30 branches world wide...
in New York in 1920.
His name has been given to a phenomenon in which a halo resembling a rainbow
Rainbow
A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the Sun shines on to droplets of moisture in the Earth's atmosphere. It takes the form of a multicoloured arc...
, with two other partial arcs symmetrical to the main one, forms around the sun as light is refracted through ice crystals in the atmosphere.
Tributes
In recognition of his work and his contribution to science, his name has been given to a number of geographical features:In Antarctica:
- Arctowski DomeArctowski DomeArctowski Dome is an axial, main ice dome of King George Island, between 57°45'W and 58°50'W. Named by the Polish Antarctic Expedition, 1980, after Henryk Arctowski , American meteorologist of Polish birth....
- Arctowski CoveArctowski CoveArctowski Cove is a small cove at the southeast side of Point Thomas in Admiralty Bay, King George Island. Named by a Polish Antarctic Expedition after Henryk Arctowski, Polish meteorologist with the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, and in association with the Henryk Arctowski Polish...
- Arctowski PeninsulaArctowski PeninsulaThe Arctowski Peninsula is a peninsula, long in a north-south direction, lying between Andvord Bay and Wilhelmina Bay on the west coast of Graham Land. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Adrien de Gerlache. The name, for Henryk Arctowski of that expedition, was...
- Arctowski NunatakArctowski NunatakArctowski Nunatak is a nunatak northwest of Hertha Nunatak in the Seal Nunataks group, off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld during a sledge journey in 1902, and named by him for Henryk Arctowski, Polish...
- Arctowski PeakArctowski PeakArctowski Peak is a somewhat isolated ice-covered peak, high, standing west-southwest of the head of Howkins Inlet, on the east coast of Palmer Land. It was discovered and photographed from the air in December 1940 by members of the United States Antarctic Service...
In Spitsbergen
Spitsbergen
Spitsbergen is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Constituting the western-most bulk of the archipelago, it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea...
:
- Arctowskifjellet (Mt. Arctowski)
- Arctowskibreen (Arctowski glacier)