Herznach
Encyclopedia
Herznach is a municipality
in the district of Laufenburg
in the canton
of Aargau
in Switzerland
.
era graves have been discovered, the first mention of Herznach is in 1097 as Hercenahc. The Ministerialis
(unfree knights in the service of another lord) family von Herznach and Herznach castle are both mentioned. The castle was built on the foundations of a manor house
from the 7th-10th Centuries. was built. Originally both Herznach and Ueken
were ruled by the Homberger family. In the early 14th Century, the Habsburgs had the right to judge and punish theft and other felonies
in Herznach. Between the Imperial Reform
(1495) of Maximilian I
until the fall of the Ancien Régime
(1797) it belonged to the Austrian District of Rheinfelden. The rights to Zwing und Bann
(administration of the Commons as well as low justice
) were probably in the hands of the village cooperative.
The Church of St. Nicholas, probably a Homburger family church, is first mentioned in 1180. Starting in 1407 the patronage rights were transferred from the Habsburgs to the Collegiate church
of Rheinfelden. In 1651 the nave
and tower were expanded and renovated, while in 1718-19 the choir
was completely rebuilt. The Chapel of Saint Verena was built in 1516 on the foundation of the Early
and High Middle Ages
manor chapel. Verena newly built chapel on foundations from the early and HochMA and belonged to the manor. Even today, Herznach and Ueken form a parish
. Until the Protestant Reformation
this parish included Densbüren
and the village of Asp and until 1852 it included Zeihen. With the Act of Mediation
in 1803, the Fricktal joined the Canton of Aargau and Herznach and Ueken became independent municipalities. The two former population centers Unterherznach (walled church district) and Oberherznach (mill) grew together along the road by 1811.
Starting in the Middle Ages
and again during the Second World War there was intensive ore mining in the municipality. In 1967 the mine was shut down. In 1872 a thread factory opened in Herznach and in 1918 it switched to making fabrics. The other factory in Herznach, was built in 1952, and manufactures advertising balloons. At the beginning of the 21st Century Herznach was a farming community with a residential core and two industrial plants.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 8.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.9%. 22.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 39.8% is used for growing crops and 17.4% is pastures, while 6.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams.
The municipality is located in the Laufenburg district in the upper Fricktal
(Frick river valley). It lies on the old road over the Staffelegg to Aarau
. It consists of the linear village
of Herznach and, until 1852, the hamlet
of Oberzeihen (now part of Zeihen
).
of the municipal coat of arms
is Gules a Pitcher Vert lip dexter and handled Or. The pitcher on the coat of arms is an attribute of Saint Verena to whom the chapel of Herznach is devoted.
The age distribution, , in Herznach is; 160 children or 12.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 170 teenagers or 13.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 167 people or 12.9% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 172 people or 13.3% are between 30 and 39, 211 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 201 people or 15.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 112 people or 8.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 56 people or 4.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 36 people or 2.8% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 5 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.57 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 70.4% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 28 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 150 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 207 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 390 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. there were 281 single family homes (or 56.0% of the total) out of a total of 502 homes and apartments. There were a total of 1 empty apartments for a 0.2% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.6 new units per 1000 residents.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 41.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
(18.8%), the SP
(11.5%) and the FDP
(10.5%).
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Herznach about 86.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
). Of the school age population , there are 112 students attending primary school in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following table:
.
. Of the rest of the population, there were 6 individuals (or about 0.57% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic
faith.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Laufenburg
Laufenburg (district)
Laufenburg District is a district of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, essentially consisting of the upper Fricktal valley in the Aargau Jura south of the Rhine. Its capital is the town of Laufenburg. It has a population of .-Geography:...
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Aargau
Aargau
Aargau is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland. It comprises the lower course of the river Aare, which is why the canton is called Aar-gau .-History:...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
History
While some AlamanniAlamanni
The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Rhine river . One of the earliest references to them is the cognomen Alamannicus assumed by Roman Emperor Caracalla, who ruled the Roman Empire from 211 to 217 and claimed thereby to be...
era graves have been discovered, the first mention of Herznach is in 1097 as Hercenahc. The Ministerialis
Ministerialis
Ministerialis ; a post-classical Latin word, used in English, meaning originally servitor, agent, in a broad range of senses...
(unfree knights in the service of another lord) family von Herznach and Herznach castle are both mentioned. The castle was built on the foundations of a manor house
Manor house
A manor house is a country house that historically formed the administrative centre of a manor, the lowest unit of territorial organisation in the feudal system in Europe. The term is applied to country houses that belonged to the gentry and other grand stately homes...
from the 7th-10th Centuries. was built. Originally both Herznach and Ueken
Ueken
Ueken is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.-Geography:Ueken has an area, , of . Of this area, or 51.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 38.6% is forested...
were ruled by the Homberger family. In the early 14th Century, the Habsburgs had the right to judge and punish theft and other felonies
Felony
A felony is a serious crime in the common law countries. The term originates from English common law where felonies were originally crimes which involved the confiscation of a convicted person's land and goods; other crimes were called misdemeanors...
in Herznach. Between the Imperial Reform
Imperial Reform
In 1495, an attempt was made at an Imperial Diet in the City of Worms to give the disintegrating Holy Roman Empire a new structure, commonly referred to as Imperial Reform ....
(1495) of Maximilian I
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
until the fall of the Ancien Régime
Early Modern Switzerland
The early modern history of the Old Swiss Confederacy , lasting from formal independence in 1648 to the French invasion of 1798 came to be referred as Ancien Régime retrospectively, in post-Napoleonic Switzerland.The early modern period was characterized by an increasingly...
(1797) it belonged to the Austrian District of Rheinfelden. The rights to Zwing und Bann
Zwing und Bann
Zwing und Bann is a Swiss feudal set of rules and regulations governing justice and punishment in a village or villages. Zwing and Twing are different spellings based on the local Swiss German dialect. The magistrate or Zwingherr had legally binding rules and regulations in the exercise of low...
(administration of the Commons as well as low justice
High, middle and low justice
High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judiciary power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents....
) were probably in the hands of the village cooperative.
The Church of St. Nicholas, probably a Homburger family church, is first mentioned in 1180. Starting in 1407 the patronage rights were transferred from the Habsburgs to the Collegiate church
Collegiate church
In Christianity, a collegiate church is a church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons; a non-monastic, or "secular" community of clergy, organised as a self-governing corporate body, which may be presided over by a dean or provost...
of Rheinfelden. In 1651 the nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
and tower were expanded and renovated, while in 1718-19 the choir
Choir
A choir, chorale or chorus is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus...
was completely rebuilt. The Chapel of Saint Verena was built in 1516 on the foundation of the Early
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages was the period of European history lasting from the 5th century to approximately 1000. The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages...
and High Middle Ages
High Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries . The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500....
manor chapel. Verena newly built chapel on foundations from the early and HochMA and belonged to the manor. Even today, Herznach and Ueken form a parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
. Until the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
this parish included Densbüren
Densbüren
Densbüren is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.-History:Densbüren is first mentioned in the 14 Century as Tensbuirron. In 1426 it was mentioned as Teinspuiren.-Geography:...
and the village of Asp and until 1852 it included Zeihen. With the Act of Mediation
Act of Mediation
The Act of Mediation was issued by Napoleon Bonaparte on 19 February 1803 establishing the Swiss Confederation. The act also abolished the previous Helvetic Republic, which had existed since the invasion of Switzerland by French troops in 1798. After the withdrawal of French troops in July 1802,...
in 1803, the Fricktal joined the Canton of Aargau and Herznach and Ueken became independent municipalities. The two former population centers Unterherznach (walled church district) and Oberherznach (mill) grew together along the road by 1811.
Starting in the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
and again during the Second World War there was intensive ore mining in the municipality. In 1967 the mine was shut down. In 1872 a thread factory opened in Herznach and in 1918 it switched to making fabrics. The other factory in Herznach, was built in 1952, and manufactures advertising balloons. At the beginning of the 21st Century Herznach was a farming community with a residential core and two industrial plants.
Geography
Herznach has an area, , of 6.28 square kilometres (2.4 sq mi). Of this area, 3.97 km² (1.5 sq mi) or 63.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.54 km² (0.594597324232504 sq mi) or 24.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.72 km² (0.277993554186625 sq mi) or 11.5% is settled (buildings or roads), and 0.02 km² (4.9 acre) or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes.Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 8.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.9%. 22.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 39.8% is used for growing crops and 17.4% is pastures, while 6.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams.
The municipality is located in the Laufenburg district in the upper Fricktal
Fricktal
The Fricktal region is the northwest finger extending from the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is situated in Northwestern Switzerland east of Basel, between the High Rhine forming the border with Germany in the north and the Jura Mountains in the south. The Fricktal contains the districts of...
(Frick river valley). It lies on the old road over the Staffelegg to Aarau
Aarau
Aarau is the capital of the northern Swiss canton of Aargau. The city is also the capital of the district of Aarau. It is German-speaking and predominantly Protestant. Aarau is situated on the Swiss plateau, in the valley of the Aar, on the river's right bank, and at the southern foot of the Jura...
. It consists of the linear village
Linear village
In geography, a linear village, or linear settlement, is a small to medium-sized settlement that is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Wraysbury, a village in Berkshire, is one of the longest villages in England....
of Herznach and, until 1852, the hamlet
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
of Oberzeihen (now part of Zeihen
Zeihen
Zeihen is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.-Geography:Zeihen has an area, , of . Of this area, or 50.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 40.7% is forested...
).
Coat of arms
The blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is Gules a Pitcher Vert lip dexter and handled Or. The pitcher on the coat of arms is an attribute of Saint Verena to whom the chapel of Herznach is devoted.
Demographics
Herznach has a population of , 9.6% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 20.1%. Most of the population speaks German (96.5%), with Albanian being second most common ( 1.7%) and English being third ( 0.5%).The age distribution, , in Herznach is; 160 children or 12.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 170 teenagers or 13.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 167 people or 12.9% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 172 people or 13.3% are between 30 and 39, 211 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 201 people or 15.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 112 people or 8.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 56 people or 4.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 36 people or 2.8% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 5 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.57 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 70.4% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 28 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 150 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 207 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 390 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. there were 281 single family homes (or 56.0% of the total) out of a total of 502 homes and apartments. There were a total of 1 empty apartments for a 0.2% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.6 new units per 1000 residents.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 41.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(18.8%), the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(11.5%) and the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(10.5%).
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Herznach about 86.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
). Of the school age population , there are 112 students attending primary school in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1768 | 478 |
| 1850 | 898 |
| 1860 | 711 |
| 1900 | 639 |
| 1950 | 665 |
| 2000 | 1,059 |
- Population after Oberzeihen became independent
Heritage sites of national significance
The Roman Catholic church St. Nikolaus with its mortuary and church treasure is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significanceSwiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
.
Economy
, Herznach had an unemployment rate of 1.56%. , there were 71 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 28 businesses involved in this sector. 122 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 13 businesses in this sector. 125 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 24 businesses in this sector. there were 524 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 381 or about 72.7% of the residents worked outside Herznach while 158 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 301 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 17.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 53.1% used a private car.Religion
From the , 620 or 58.5% were Roman Catholic, while 328 or 31.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
. Of the rest of the population, there were 6 individuals (or about 0.57% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic
Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland
The Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland is the Swiss member church of the Union of Utrecht, also known as Old Catholic Church, originally founded by the jansenists, with a later influx of discontented Catholics following their disappointment with the First Vatican Council. It has 14,000...
faith.