Highway 21 (Ontario)
Encyclopedia
King's Highway 21, commonly referred to as Highway 21, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 province of Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

 that begins at Highway 402 mid-way between Sarnia
Sarnia, Ontario
Sarnia is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada . It is the largest city on Lake Huron and is located where the upper Great Lakes empty into the St. Clair River....

 and London
London, Ontario
London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, situated along the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 352,395, and the metropolitan area has a population of 457,720, according to the 2006 Canadian census; the metro population in 2009 was estimated at 489,274. The city...

 and ends at Highway 6, Highway 10 and Highway 26 in Owen Sound
Owen Sound, Ontario
Owen Sound , the county seat of Grey County, is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada...

. The roadway is referred to as the Bluewater Highway because it remains very close to the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron
Lake Huron
Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, it comprises the larger portion of Lake Michigan-Huron. It is bounded on the east by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the west by the state of Michigan in the United States...

.

Highway 21 is often subject to winter closures due to lake effect caused snowsquall
Snowsquall
A snowsquall is a sudden moderately heavy snow fall with blowing snow and strong, gusty surface winds. It is often referred to as a whiteout and is similar to a blizzard but is localized in time or in space and snow accumulations may or may not be significant.-Lake effect snow:When arctic air...

, which can create sudden whiteout
Whiteout
Whiteout or white out may refer to:*Whiteout *Correction fluid**Wite-Out, a line of correction fluid*Winnipeg White Out, a hockey tradition started by fans of the Winnipeg Jets*Whiteout , a 2004 novel by Ken Follett...

 conditions along the Lake Huron shoreline. Several Emergency Detour Route
Emergency Detour Route
The Emergency Detour Routes, originally Emergency Diversion Routes , are a system of temporary detour routes paralleling many major highways in Ontario. Most of these follow county or municipal roads within the province that are not provincially-controlled...

s have been established further inland to guide drivers around such closures. Care should be taken during the winter months, as these storms can progress rapidly and unexpectedly.

Route description

Highway 21 is a long lakeside route through southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario, centred on the city of London. It extends north to south from the Bruce Peninsula on Lake Huron to the Lake Erie shoreline, and east to south-west roughly from Guelph to Windsor. The region had a population...

 which serves numerous communities along the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron. Once over 100 kilometres (62.1 mi) longer than it is today, the highway now begins at Highway 402 near the community of Warwick
Warwick, Ontario
Warwick is a rural township in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada, with a population of 4,025.Bisected by the Egremont Road that was surveyed to link London with the Lake Huron shoreline in 1832, the township began to attract settlers including those helped by charitable organizations, such as Lord...

, where it progresses north through the towns of Forest
Forest, Ontario
Forest is a small town located near Sarnia, Ontario in Canada. It is very close to the shore of Lake Huron and is part of the municipality of Lambton Shores and the county of Lambton.- Population :...

, Grand Bend, Goderich
Goderich, Ontario
Goderich is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario and is the county seat of Huron County. The town was founded by William "Tiger" Dunlop in 1827. First laid out in 1828, the town is named after Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, who was British prime minister at the time. The town...

, Point Clark, Kincardine
Kincardine, Ontario
The Municipality of Kincardine is located on the shores of Lake Huron in the County of Bruce in the province of Ontario, Canada. It has a population of 12,000, and covers an area of 580 square kilometres...

, Tiverton
Tiverton, Ontario
Tiverton is a community located in Ontario, Canada. It is near the shore of Lake Huron on Highway 21 between Port Elgin, Ontario and Kincardine, Ontario.Tiverton is incorporated in the Municipality of Kincardine.- History :...

, Port Elgin
Port Elgin, Ontario
Port Elgin is a community in the Ontario municipality of Saugeen Shores. Close to MacGregor Point Provincial Park in Bruce County, the community has several beaches on Lake Huron....

, and Southampton
Southampton, Ontario
Southampton is a community of approximately 3083 people on the shores of Lake Huron in Bruce County, Ontario, Canada, located at the mouth of the Saugeen River....

. At Southampton, the highway veers away from the Lake Huron shoreline and travels east to Owen Sound.

The route is generally smoothly-flowing, but can be somewhat congested near main towns in the summer from tourists and cottage
Cottage
__toc__In modern usage, a cottage is usually a modest, often cozy dwelling, typically in a rural or semi-rural location. However there are cottage-style dwellings in cities, and in places such as Canada the term exists with no connotations of size at all...

rs. During the winter months this trend is reversed. Highway 21 is often subject to closures at various points as it lies on the lee shore
Lee shore
The terms lee shore and windweather or ward shore are nautical terms used to describe a stretch of shoreline. A lee shore is one that is to the lee side of a vessel - meaning the wind is blowing towards it. A weather shore has the wind blowing from inland over it out to sea...

 of Lake Huron
Lake Huron
Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, it comprises the larger portion of Lake Michigan-Huron. It is bounded on the east by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the west by the state of Michigan in the United States...

. Lake effect snow squalls frequently subject motorists to poor visibility and slippery conditions, leading to the closure of the highway. Highway 23 provides an alternative inland route.

History

Highway 21 was the first King's Highway in Lambton County when it was assumed in 1927 between Highway 3 at Morpeth and Highway 7 at Reece's Corners. This original section of highway changed from a mudhole to a plank road
Plank road
A plank road or puncheon is a dirt path or road covered with a series of planks, similar to the wooden sidewalks one would see in a Western movie. Plank roads were very popular in Ontario, the U.S. Northeast and U.S. Midwest in the first half of the 19th century...

 circa 1860. When James Miller Williams
James Miller Williams
James Miller Williams was a businessman and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Hamilton in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1879. He is also commonly viewed as the father of the petroleum industry in Canada.He was born in 1818 in Camden, New Jersey, and apprenticed...

, a Hamilton
Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe...

 businessman set out one day from during a drought to dig a well, he chose a spot downhill from an existing oil seep in the village of Black Creek. Instead of encountering water, Williams hit a shallow oil deposit. As a result of the ensuing oil-boom, which would begin the petroleum industry in North America, Williams laid out the village and changed its name to Oil Springs. Two competing plank road companies were formed, the Black Creek Plank Road Company (of which Williams was a principal investor) and the Sarnia to Florence Plank Road Company, both of which aimed their roads through Oil Springs. Although both roads were constructed, the former company was more prosperous in its endeavours; in 1886, a significant portion of the Sarnia to Florence Plank Road was closed up and turned over to local property owners. The Black Creek Plank Road Company meanwhile had transformed the muddy quagmire
Bog
A bog, quagmire or mire is a wetland that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material—often mosses or, in Arctic climates, lichens....

 of a path into a well-maintained road. By 1863, three miles of road south of Wyoming had been paved, and the remainder south to Oil Springs planked (the Sarnia Road followed two years later). However, as the oil boom faded, so too did improvement to the road. The Black Creek Plank Road
On May 23, 1927, the Department of Highways assumed the unpaved road between Highway 7 at Reece's Corner and Highway 3 at Morpeth, via Dresden
Dresden, Ontario
Dresden is a community in southwestern Ontario, Canada, part of the municipality of Chatham-Kent. Dresden is best known as the home of Josiah Henson, the former U.S. slave whose life story was the inspiration for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin...

, Thamesville and Ridgetown as Provincial Highway 21; this was changed to the current King's Highway 21 in 1930.
That year, the department set out to improve the new highway. Concrete slabs were laid between Petrolia and Highway 7, as well as along a 7.25 kilometres (4.5 mi) section between Thamesville and Dresden. The following year, the route was paved between Dresden and Edys Mills before the effects of the Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...

 forced the department to concentrate on paving Highway 22. The election of a new government in mid-1934 led to the resumption of work in June as a depression relief project. New equipment (namely a Caterpillar Excavator), as well as the expertise of Andy Newman, an engineer who was hired when he demonstrated his abilities with the machinery upon passing a construction site on his drive home. Newman, who helped design the machine that nobody else could operate, allowed work to proceed at a much faster rate than before. The machinery could dig quicker than 50 men, and this effort showed when the gap between Petrolia and Edys Mills and the remaining gaps between Dresden and Thamesville were graded and paved by the end of the summer. On October 19, 1934, Highway 21 was officially opened by Robert Mellville Smith, deputy minister of the Department of Highways.

On April 4, 1934, Highway 21 was assumed through Huron County as far north as Goderich. This was followed by the assumption of a section through Bosanquet Township
Bosanquet, Ontario
Bosanquet is a former township of Lambton County in Ontario, Canada located northeast of Sarnia.-Geography and history:Home to Native Americans for thousands of years, the first Europeans settled on the lakeshore in the early 19th century. It would not be until later in the century when the Grand...

 on April 18, creating a 40.6 kilometres (25.2 mi) concurrency with Highway 7 from Reece's Corners to Thedford. From there, the route travelled through Thedford to Port Franks, where it merged into the present highway.
A final 137.4 kilometres (85.4 mi) extension to Owen Sound was assumed on May 15, 1935,
bringing the highway to its greatest length of 333.1 kilometres (207 mi).
Meanwhile, on April 11, 1934, the department assumed control of a road connecting Highway 7 with Forest as Highway 21A. It was later extended to connect with Highway 21 at Port Franks on August 19, 1936.
By 1938, Highway 21A had been renumbered as Highway 21, and Highway 21 through Thedford renumbered as Highway 82.

During the late 1950s, a small bypass of Highway 21 was constructed north of Goderich, avoiding a nearby hairpin turn
Hairpin turn
A hairpin turn , named for its resemblance to a hairpin/bobby pin, is a bend in a road with a very acute inner angle, making it necessary for an oncoming vehicle to turn almost 180° to continue on the road. Such turns in ramps and trails may be called switchbacks in American English, by analogy...

.

During the early 1980s, the construction of Highway 402 east from Sarnia resulted in a shift in the route of the highway. The route was extended north from Reece's Corners to Exit 25, while the section from Highway 7 north to Exit 34 was "downloaded", or transferred to the local municipality in which it resided.
Further transfers were performed in 1997 and 1998. On April 1, 1997, the section of Highway 21 from Highway 401 south to Morpeth was transferred to Kent County
Kent County, Ontario
Kent County, area 2,458 sq km is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario. Population in 2006 was 108,589.The county was created in 1792 and named by John Graves Simcoe in honour of the English County. The county is in an alluvial plain between Lake St...

.
On January 1, 1998, the section between Highway 401 and Highway 402 was transferred to Kent and Lambton counties.

Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 21. In addition, it includes some minor junctions that are noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.

{| class="wikitable"
!scope="col"|Division
!scope="col"|Location
!scope="col"|km
!scope="col"|Destinations
!scope="col"|Notes
|- bgcolor=#d3d3d3
|Chatham–Kent
Chatham–Kent
Chatham–Kent is a unitary authority in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Mostly rural, its centres of population are Blenheim, Chatham, Dresden, Ridgetown, Tilbury and Wallaceburg. Modern Chatham–Kent was created in 1998 by the merger of Kent County and its municipalities.- History :The former city of...


|Morpeth
Morpeth, Ontario
Morpeth is a community in Southern Ontario, Canada that is between Blenheim and St. Thomas on Highway 3 in the municipality of Chatham-Kent. It is located less than two hours away from Windsor.-History:...


|−100.0
|
|This section of Highway 21 was downloaded in 1997/1998
|-
|rowspan="6"|Lambton County
|bgcolor=#d3d3d3|
|bgcolor=#d3d3d3|−9.3
|bgcolor=#d3d3d3|
|bgcolor=#d3d3d3|Beginning of former Highway 402 concurrency; Exit 25
|-
|
|0.0
|
|End of former Highway 402 concurrency; Exit 34
|-
|rowspan="2"|Forest
Forest, Ontario
Forest is a small town located near Sarnia, Ontario in Canada. It is very close to the shore of Lake Huron and is part of the municipality of Lambton Shores and the county of Lambton.- Population :...


|10.4
|Hickory Creek Bridge
|Beginning of Forest Connecting Link
Connecting Link
The Connecting Link program is a provincial subsidy provided to municipalities to assist with road construction, maintenance and repairs in the Canadian province of Ontario. Roads which are designated as connecting links form the portions of provincial highways through built-up communities which...

 agreement
|-
|14.0
|
|Northern town limits of Forest; end of Connecting Link agreement
|-
|rowspan="2"|Lambton Shores
|20.8
|
|
|-
|30.8
|
|Formerly Highway 79
|-
|rowspan="11"|Huron County
Huron County, Ontario
Huron County is a census division and county of the province of Ontario, Canada. It is located on the southeast shore of its namesake, Lake Huron, in the southwest part of the province...


|rowspan="2"|Grand Bend
|43.8
|
|Southern town limits of Grand Bend; beginning of Connecting Link agreement
|-
|46.4
|
|Northern town limits of Grand Bend; end of Connecting Link agreement
|-
|Brewster
|49.0
|
|Formerly Highway 83
|-
|St. Joseph
St. Joseph, Ontario
St. Joseph is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, the largest of four municipalities on St. Joseph Island. Its population presently stands at 1,129 .The mayor of the township is Jody Wildman.-Communities:...


|58.3
|
|Formerly Highway 84
|-
|Bayfield
Bayfield, Ontario
Bayfield, is a community located within the Municipality of Bluewater, Ontario, Canada on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, situated at the mouth of Bayfield River....


|74.3
|
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|Goderich
Goderich, Ontario
Goderich is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario and is the county seat of Huron County. The town was founded by William "Tiger" Dunlop in 1827. First laid out in 1828, the town is named after Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, who was British prime minister at the time. The town...


|92.0
|Huckins Street
|Northern town limits of Goderich; beginning of Goderich Connecting Link agreement
|-
|93.7
|
|
|-
|94.8
|Gloucester Terrace
|Northern town limits of Goderich; end of Goderich Connecting Link agreement
|-
|Dunlop
|98.4
|
|
|-
|Kintail
Kintail
Kintail is an area of mountains in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It consists of the mountains to the north of Glen Shiel and the A87 road between the heads of Loch Duich and Loch Cluanie; its boundaries, other than Glen Shiel, are generally taken to be the valleys of Strath Croe and Gleann...


|118.0
|
|
|-
|Amberley
|128.3
|
|Formerly Highway 86
|-
|rowspan="10"|Bruce County
Bruce County, Ontario
Bruce County is a county in western Ontario, Canada, and includes the Bruce Peninsula. As of 2006, the population was 65,349. The area was . The county seat is Walkerton, Ontario. It is located at ....


|rowspan="3"|Kincardine
Kincardine, Ontario
The Municipality of Kincardine is located on the shores of Lake Huron in the County of Bruce in the province of Ontario, Canada. It has a population of 12,000, and covers an area of 580 square kilometres...


|145.1
|
|
|-
|157.1
|
|
|-
|162.1
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|Port Elgin
Port Elgin, Ontario
Port Elgin is a community in the Ontario municipality of Saugeen Shores. Close to MacGregor Point Provincial Park in Bruce County, the community has several beaches on Lake Huron....


|179.9
|
|Southern town limits of Port Elgin; beginning of Connecting Link agreement
|-
|184.1
|
|Northern town limits of Port Elgin; end of Connecting Link agreement
|-
|Saugeen Shores
|186.2
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|Southampton
Southampton, Ontario
Southampton is a community of approximately 3083 people on the shores of Lake Huron in Bruce County, Ontario, Canada, located at the mouth of the Saugeen River....


|186.8
|South Street
|Southern town limits of Southampton; beginning of Connecting Link agreement
|-
|192.1
|Craig Street
|Northern town limits of Southampton; end of Connecting Link agreement
|-
|rowspan="2"|Arran–Elderslie
|207.3
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|210.3
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|rowspan="3"|Grey County
Grey County, Ontario
Grey County is a county and census division of the Canadian province of Ontario. The county seat is in Owen Sound. The population was 92,411 in 2006. It is located in the subregion of Southern Ontario named Southwestern Ontario...


|Georgian Bluffs
|-
|Springmount
|221.4
|

|Pottawattamina River Bridge; formerly Highway 70; beginning of the sole wrong-way concurrency in Ontario
|-
|Owen Sound
|226.8
|
|End of wrong-way concurrency
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