History of Miyazaki Prefecture
Encyclopedia
An outline of the history of Miyazaki Prefecture is described herein.

Etymology

In was in Wamyo Ruijusho
Wamyo Ruijusho
The is a 938 CE Japanese dictionary of Chinese characters. The Heian Period scholar Minamoto no Shitagō began compilation in 934, at the request of Emperor Daigo's daughter...

 that Miyazaki first appeared in Japanese documents as one of the names of 5 guns(subprefecture) in Miyazaki. According to the History of Miyazaki Prefecture by Tsugiyoshsi Hidaka Miyazaki might be the place where Emperor Jinmu, the mythological first emperor, lived, or the place of Miya, or his place. Miyazaki Prefecture appeared in 1973.

Prehistoric Miyazaki

  • Teeth of Elephas naumanni
    Elephas naumanni
    Elephas naumanni is an extinct species belonging to the genus Elephas that lived in East Asia in the late Pleistocene about 350,000 to 20,000 years ago...

     were excavated at Tonokoori, Saito
    Saito
    -People:Saitō or Saitou is a common Japanese surname, including:...

     city. (300,000 years ago to 20,000 years ago)
  • Gomuta archaeological site
    Archaeological site
    An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a 'site' can vary widely,...

     of Kawaminami was in the mid- paleolithic
    Paleolithic
    The Paleolithic Age, Era or Period, is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools discovered , and covers roughly 99% of human technological prehistory...

     era, and was 3,3000 years ago.
  • 25,000 years ago; many archaeological site
    Archaeological site
    An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a 'site' can vary widely,...

    s of the latter paleolithic
    Paleolithic
    The Paleolithic Age, Era or Period, is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools discovered , and covers roughly 99% of human technological prehistory...

     era are distributed around Gokase river and Miyazaki
    Miyazaki
    -Names:* Aoi Miyazaki, actress* Ayumi Miyazaki, singer and songwriter* Daisuke Miyazaki, team handball player* Gorō Miyazaki, son of Hayao Miyazaki and owner of tea shop in Japan* Hayao Miyazaki, anime animator and filmmaker* Manabu Miyazaki, writer...

     plain.
  • 12,000 years ago; nail-shaped earthenware
    Earthenware
    Earthenware is a common ceramic material, which is used extensively for pottery tableware and decorative objects.-Types of earthenware:Although body formulations vary between countries and even between individual makers, a generic composition is 25% ball clay, 28% kaolin, 32% quartz, and 15%...

    s and elevated-line earthernwares, stone axes were excavated from Douchi archaeological site
    Archaeological site
    An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a 'site' can vary widely,...

    .
  • 10,000 years ago, in the early jomon era, the sealine rose 5 meters high because of weather warming. There were Onuki shellheap site, Kashiwada shellheap site; Atoe shellheap site of Miyazaki presented dugout (shelter)
    Dugout (shelter)
    A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pithouse, pit-house, earth lodge, mud hut, is a shelter for humans or domesticated animals and livestock based on a hole or depression dug into the ground. These structures are one of the most ancient types of human housing known to archeologists...

    , dokoubo tomb (of burial; the act of placing a person or object into the ground) and various stone tool
    Stone tool
    A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone. Although stone tool-dependent societies and cultures still exist today, most stone tools are associated with prehistoric, particularly Stone Age cultures that have become extinct...

    s were seen.
  • 6,400 years ago; Kigai Caldera
    Caldera
    A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption, such as the one at Yellowstone National Park in the US. They are sometimes confused with volcanic craters...

     erupted in Kagoshima Prefecture, and earthenware
    Earthenware
    Earthenware is a common ceramic material, which is used extensively for pottery tableware and decorative objects.-Types of earthenware:Although body formulations vary between countries and even between individual makers, a generic composition is 25% ball clay, 28% kaolin, 32% quartz, and 15%...

    s are classified before and after the eruption.
  • 4,000 years ago; Jinnai archaeological site
    Archaeological site
    An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a 'site' can vary widely,...

     in Takachiho showed signs of earliest farming.
  • 3,000 years ago; there was Shimozuru archaeological site
    Archaeological site
    An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a 'site' can vary widely,...

     in Togo town.
  • 3rd century B.C. parts of bronze mirror
    Bronze mirror
    Bronze mirrors preceded the glass mirrors of today. This type of mirror has been found by archaeologists among elite assemblages from various cultures, from Etruscan Italy to China.-History:-Egypt:...

     were excavated from Jindaigasako site.

Saitobaru Burial Mounds

  • Saitobaru kofungun
    Saitobaru kofungun
    Saitobaru kofungun is a group of three hundred thirty three kofuns or tumuli in Saito city, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. This is one of the largest kofun groups in Japan, and the largest group in Kyushu situated on a 70-meter hill composed of diluvium....

     is a group of three hundred thirty three kofuns or tumuli in Saito city, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. This is the largest kofun group in Japan, situated on a 70-meter hill composed of diluvium.

Yamato Ouken and Miyazaki

There are various Japanese names for a political/governmental organization present starting in the third century of kofun period in Kinki area of Japan, composed of several powerful families, with Oh (king) or Ohkimi (great king) as its center. These names include Yamato Choutei (Court), Yamato Ouken, Wa Ouken, and Yamato Seiken. At the same time, there are views that the presence of smaller regional states should be respected. There is a view that Choutei (Court) should not be used before the 4th and 5th century. At the present time, Yamato Ouken is tentatively used here. In the mythologies of country production, Miyazaki appeared as a part of Kumaso in Kyushu
Kyushu
is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. Its alternate ancient names include , , and . The historical regional name is referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands....

, but not as a unifed force but it is considered to be a part of Kumaso-controlled area. By and by, the force of Yamato Ouken infiltrated from the Oita
Oita
-Companies:*Oita Asahi Broadcasting, a Japanese broadcast network in Oita Prefecture, Japan*Oita Broadcasting System, a television company based in Ōita Prefecture, Japan-Education:*Oita Junior College, a private junior college in Ōita, Ōita Prefecture, Japan...

 area southward. According to Nihon Shoki
Nihon Shoki
The , sometimes translated as The Chronicles of Japan, is the second oldest book of classical Japanese history. It is more elaborate and detailed than the Kojiki, the oldest, and has proven to be an important tool for historians and archaeologists as it includes the most complete extant historical...

, a Japanese document, the offsprings of Prince Toyokuniwake, who followed Emperor Keiko
Emperor Keiko
; also known as Ootarashihikooshirowake no Sumeramikoto, was the 12th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 71–130.-Legendary narrative:Keikō is...

, became the top of Hyuga, or agata-nushi, at Morokara.

Hyuga

After the establishment of the Ritsuryo
Ritsuryo
is the historical law system based on the philosophies of Confucianism and Chinese Legalism in Japan. The political system in accord to Ritsuryō is called "Ritsuryō-sei"...

 system, the country of Hyuga had been called Himuka, facing the east. The control of Yamato Ouken was not strong, and in 702, Satsuma country, and in 713, Osumi country was separated, thus the country of Hyuga was determined. These countries were under the strong control of Yamato Ouken, or Dazaifu. In 815, there were 500 soldiers of the Yamato Ouken, and comparison of soldiers revealed more lower class soldiers than in other countries.

Shimazu Tadahisa, the founder of the Shimazu Samurai clan

In 1185, Shimazu Tadahisa
Shimazu Tadahisa
was the founder of the Shimazu samurai clan.According to a record of his life, he was reportedly born in Sumiyoshi Taisha in Osaka. He was initially Koremune Tadayoshi but after being given the territory of Shimazu, Hyūga Province to rule from by Minamoto no Yoritomo, he took the name of...

 (died August 1, 1227) was the founder of the Shimazu samurai clan. The Shimazu clan had become the daimyo
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...

 of Satsuma
Satsuma
Satsuma may refer to:* Satsuma , a citrus fruit* Satsuma , a genus of land snails-In Japan:* Satsuma, Kagoshima, a Japanese town* Satsuma District, Kagoshima, a district in Kagoshima Prefecture...

 and Osumi
Osumi
Ōsumi can stand for:*Ōsumi Province, a former province of Japan*Ōsumi Peninsula*Ōsumi Islands, an archipelago at the northern end of the Ryukyu Islands*Ōsumi , the first Japanese satellite...

 domains of Kagoshima and Hyuga
Hyuga
Hyūga can refer to:* Hyūga, Miyazaki, a city in Japan* Hyūga Province, an old province of Japan* Japanese battleship Hyūga, a battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy...

 country. He went to Satsuma in 1196, subdued Hyuga and Osumi provinces, and built a castle in the domain of Shimazu (Hyuga) which name he also adopted. He is buried in Kamakura, near his father's tomb.

Muromachi Period and Nanbokucho Period

Strongmen in Hyuga were Tsuchimochi, Ito, Kitahara and Shimazu, Hongo and Niiro. These strongmen fought against their enemies. Finally, Shimazu was most powerful, until the time of their defeat by Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
was a daimyo warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period. He unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle...

 in 1587. Then Hyuga was given to various daimyo
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...

s who fought for Hideyoshi.

Edo Period

In the Edo period, Hyuga was divided into many han
Han
-China:* China , an abbreviation or adjectival modifier for things Chinese* Han Chinese , the dominant majority ethnic group of China and overseas Chinese...

s; the greatest was the Satsuma han
Satsuma han
The Satsuma domain was one of the most powerful feudal domains in Tokugawa Japan, and played a major role in the Meiji Restoration and in the government of the Meiji period which followed...

 of Kagoshima which belonged to Shimazu clan
Shimazu clan
The were the daimyō of the Satsuma han, which spread over Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga provinces in Japan.The Shimazu were identified as one of the tozama or outsider daimyō clans in contrast with the fudai or insider clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan,The Shimazu were...

. Other hans included Nobeoka han, Takanabe han, Sadowara han and Obi
Obi
Obi may refer to:* Obi , a sash worn with a kimono or with the uniforms used by practitioners of Japanese martial arts* Obi-Wan Kenobi, fictional character from the Star Wars universe...

 han.

Nobeoka Han

  • In 1587, Takahashi Mototane was given this area (Nobeoka, Takachiho, Miyazaki, Honjo and Hokita) and built Agata (Nobeoka) Castle. 53,000 koku
    Koku
    The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...

    . Later, Arima Naozumi, Miura Akihiro and Makino Nario were given this area respectively but they did not govern this area continuously. In 1747, Naito Masaki was given this area and his family continued to the end of Edo period
    Edo period
    The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....

    . 70,000 koku
    Koku
    The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...

    .

Takanabe Han

  • In 1587, Akizuki Saburo was given this area. 30,000 koku
    Koku
    The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...

    . Takanabe han continued to the end of the han system.

Sadowara Han

  • In 1577, Shimazu Iehisa entered Sadowara Castle, and the possession of his land was assured in 1588. In 1603, Shimazu Yukihisa entered the Sadowara Castle. 30,000 koku
    Koku
    The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...

    . The han continued to the termination of the han system. Sadowara town was composed of areas samurais lived and townspeople lived. Sadowara clay dolls were produced.

The Itō clan and Obi Han

The Itō-family were a Japanese clan that claimed descent from the medieval warrior Itō Suketoki. The family became a moderate power both in influence and ability by the latter Sengoku Period of Feudal Japan. The Itō family survived through the Muromachi Period, and remained a powerful clan well into the Sengoku period. The Itō family's most serious rivals in this period were the Shimazu
Shimazu
Shimazu may refer to:* Esther Shimazu , an American/Hawaiian sculptor* Saeko Shimazu , a Japanese voice actor* Shimazu clan, daimyō of the Satsuma han* Shimazu Hisamitsu , a Japanese samurai prince...

. The Shimazu clan, which had unified Satsuma Province and Ōsumi Province under their control, began to clash with the Itō in 1570. The Itō were finally defeated by the Shimazu in 1578. The family followed Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
was a daimyo warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period. He unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle...

's invasion of Kyushu and Itoh Suketake won the land of Obi, now Nichinan which became the Obi Domain
Domain
-General:*Territory , a non-sovereign geographic area which has come under the authority of another government*Public domain, a body of works and knowledge without proprietary interest...

. 23,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...

 which became 40,500 koku and a peak of 57,816 koku.

The Shimazu clan and Miyazaki

The Shimazu clan, the tozama daimyo, was a powerful clan and its territory spanned the provinces of Satsuma
Satsuma
Satsuma may refer to:* Satsuma , a citrus fruit* Satsuma , a genus of land snails-In Japan:* Satsuma, Kagoshima, a Japanese town* Satsuma District, Kagoshima, a district in Kagoshima Prefecture...

, Osumi
Osumi
Ōsumi can stand for:*Ōsumi Province, a former province of Japan*Ōsumi Peninsula*Ōsumi Islands, an archipelago at the northern end of the Ryukyu Islands*Ōsumi , the first Japanese satellite...

 and the south-west region of Hyūga, and had the Ryūkyū Kingdom as a vassal state. The territory is largely contiguous with today's Kagoshima prefecture, and parts of Miyazaki prefecture.

Meiji Era

Miyazaki Prefecture was placed, but it was made a part of Kagoshima Prefecture once. In 1883, Hyuga was separated from Kagoshima Prefecture, naming it Miyazaki Prefecture. A part of previously Hyuga remained in the Kagoshima Prefecture.

Peculiarities of the capital of Miyazaki Prefecture

  • The area of Miyazaki City had been an exclave of Ito clan, Nobeoka han, Obi han, Kagoshima han, Takanabe han, Tenryo(Shogunate governed) depending on the time and areas. Therefore, a deserted village of Kamibeppu Mura was chosen as the site of the prefectural building in 1873. It was very lonely, and it was said that badgers and foxes lived there. The name of the prefecture was from the Miyazaki
    Miyazaki
    -Names:* Aoi Miyazaki, actress* Ayumi Miyazaki, singer and songwriter* Daisuke Miyazaki, team handball player* Gorō Miyazaki, son of Hayao Miyazaki and owner of tea shop in Japan* Hayao Miyazaki, anime animator and filmmaker* Manabu Miyazaki, writer...

     gun of the village.
  • Almost all sites of the prefectural capital cities are the so-called castle towns. Miyazaki and Hokkaido are exceptions.
  • The development of Miyazaki Prefecture was very slow. People from other prefectures were invited to live there.

Miyazaki Shrine and Hakko Ichiu Monument

  • Miyazaki-jingū
    Miyazaki-jingū
    is a Shinto shrine located in Miyazaki, Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to Emperor Jimmu, Ugayafukiaezu and Tamayori-bime.-Events:Many events are held in the shrine throughout the year. The most imporant event is the Aki-no-Taisai held in October...

     in which Emperor Jimmu
    Emperor Jimmu
    was the first Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He is also known as Kamuyamato Iwarebiko and personally as Wakamikenu no Mikoto or Sano no Mikoto....

     was enshrined was established and enlarged in Miyazaki City. The Imperial house of Japan traditionally based its claim to the throne on its descent from Jimmu. No firm dates can be assigned to this early emperor's life or reign, nor for the reigns of his early successors. Most modern historians dismiss this entire period as being beyond what history can know.
  • Hakkō ichiu
    Hakko ichiu
    was a Japanese political slogan that became popular from the Second Sino-Japanese War to World War II, and was popularized in a speech by Prime Minister of Japan Fumimaro Konoe on January 8, 1940.-Outline:...

     (八紘一宇?, literally "eight cords, one roof" i.e. "all the world under one roof") was a Japanese political slogan that became popular from the Second Sino-Japanese War to World War II, and was popularized in a speech by Prime Minister of Japan Fumimaro Konoe on January 8, 1940.

Atarashiki-mura movement

  • Atarashiki-mura
    Atarashiki-mura
    , "New Village", is a Japanese intentional community founded by the author, artist and philosopher Saneatsu Mushanokōji.It was originally founded in 1918 in Hyūga, in the mountains of Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyūshū, but in 1939 they were warned that much of their land was about to be submerged by...

    , "New Village", is a Japanese intentional community founded by the author, artist and philosopher Saneatsu Mushanokōji It was originally founded in 1918 in Hyūga, in the mountains of Miyazaki Prefecture
    Miyazaki Prefecture
    is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. The capital is the city of Miyazaki.- History :Historically, after the Meiji Restoration, Hyūga Province was renamed Miyazaki Prefecture....

     in Kyūshū. Work in the village and do creative work was their motto. In 1939 they were warned that much of their land was about to be submerged by the construction of a dam, so they searched for a new home and found 10 hectares in Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama Prefecture. A few members remain at Hyūga.

Sightseeing and Miyazaki

Based on the History of Miyazaki Sightseeing,
  • Sightseeing, opening events and congresses have become important industries of Miyazaki.
  • In 1926, Miyazaki City Bus Company(now Miyazaki Kotsu Co., Ltd.) was founded.
  • In 1932, Tachibana Bridge was completed.
  • In 1937, Cactus Park was made along the Nichinan Coast.
  • In 1939, Children's Park was founded in Aoshima, Miyazaki
    Aoshima, Miyazaki
    is an island located in Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.The island has a surface area of 4.4 hectares and a height of 6 meters.The Aoshima Subtropical Botanical Garden is located on the island as well as Aoshima Shrine....

    .
  • In 1954, 51 phoenix canariensis trees(treee of the Prefecture) were transplanted in the Tachibana Park.
  • In 1959, professional baseball team Tokyo Giants started off-season training camp in Miyazaki. Several other teams followed later.
  • In 1965, a popular television program Tamayura was broadcast, starting honeymoon boom here in Miyazaki.
  • In 1971, Phoenix seaside hotel, zoo, golf course opened.
  • In 1974, the first Dunlop Phoenix Tournament (golf) started.
  • In 1974, the peak of Miyazaki honeymoon boom.
  • In 1984, Teruha suspension bridge
    Suspension bridge
    A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. Outside Tibet and Bhutan, where the first examples of this type of bridge were built in the 15th century, this type of bridge dates from the early 19th century...

     was completed at Aya
    Aya
    is a female Japanese rock artist on the BMG FUNHOUSE label.AYA's song Over Night is used as the ending theme to the Anime Le Chevalier D'Eon.-Early life:...

    .
  • In 1994, Seagaia Ocean Dome opened in Miyazaki.
  • In 2001, Seagaia Ocean Dome went into financial failure.
  • In 2004, Seagaia Ocean Dome reopened.


Hideo Higashikokubaru, Governor of Miyazaki Prefecture (2007–2011)

  • Nicknamed Sonomanma Higashi, a name he used as a comedian, he revealed his true name to be Higashikokubaru Hideo Hideo Higashikokubaru in his campaign to become the governor of Miyazaki Prefecture. An election which he won by a landslide. Hideo frequently appeared in television and often worked as a salesman of the Miyazaki Prefecture. At the start of his term, Hideo was very active in office do to an outbreak of avian influenza. In his later days in office, Hideo played a key role as the governor of Miyazaki during an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease
    Foot-and-mouth disease
    Foot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids...

    , prevailient in both cows and pigs across the prefecture. Hideo was very popular with the people of Miyazaki with support levels at around 90 %. In 2011, he ran for the governor of Tokyo but sadly finished second to Shintaro Ishihara
    Shintaro Ishihara
    is a Japanese author, actor, politician and the governor of Tokyo since 1999.- Early life and artistic career :Shintarō was born in Suma-ku, Kobe. His father Kiyoshi was an employee, later a general manager, of a shipping company. Shintarō grew up in Zushi...

    .
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK