History of Russian military ranks
Encyclopedia
Modern Russian military ranks trace their roots to Table of Ranks established by Peter the Great
. Most of the rank names were borrowed from existing German
/Prussia
n, French
, English
, Dutch
, and Polish
ranks upon the formation of Russian regular army
in late 17th century.
(дружи'на); members of the unit were called druzhinnik (дружи'нник). In case of emergency, a militia
was raised from volunteers from the peasantry, and the druzhina served as the core of the troops. The local knyaz
served as the military leader of the troops. Thus there were no need in permanent ranks or positions and they were created randomly, based on the task(s) in hand.
Upon the formation of Strelets troops
, the low-level commanding officers were appointed to one of the following ranks:
These were not personal ranks and were retained only as long as the officer held the position. For battles, the troops were organized unto temporary high-level units, usually polk (полк, Old Slavonic
for group of troops), a regiment
commanded by golova (голова́, head) or voyevoda (воево́да, war leader); these commanding positions were not permanent and did not sustain after the battle. The cossack
cavalry
units had their own ranks of Kazak
(коза́к), yesaul
(есау́л) and ataman
(атама́н); they were not comparable to the strelets ranks.
Upon the formation of standing regiment
s (prikaz, later polk), new ranks were inserted in between of the existing grades: pyatidesyatnik (пятидеся́тник, of fifty men) acting as lieutenant, golova acting as colonel
of the regiment (also, tysyatskiy (ты́сяцкий, 'of thousand men'). Later, a polugolova (полуголова́) rank was introduced; eventually golova was renamed polkovnik (полко́вник, regimental commander), and polugolova was renamed podpolkovnik (sub-polkovnik). As usual, voyevoda was simply a commander
of a large military group and not a rank of any kind.
At the same time, the companies
of foreign mercenaries
were formed; these incorporated foreign ranks of Lieutenant and Rittmeister
. They were later changed into New Regiments of the Streltsy Troops and more Western ranks were adopted, including General. Finally, by 1680 the ranks of the New Regiments were unified with Strelets Troops.
during efforts to reform the army and create a strong Navy. These many changes were routinely documented into Army's Rules of Engagement
since 1716, until they were finally incorporated into the first variant of Table of Ranks in 1722. Comparing to Strelets Troops, a few more non-commissioned ranks were added, the soldier rank was replaced with many speciality ranks and a few more General ranks were added. The naval ranks were created from scratch.
The officers were styled according to their rank as defined by the Table.
with only minor adjustments.
Captain-Poruchik rank is comparable to Lieutenant Captain. Note that Poruchik can sometimes be styled as Porutchik, as it was originally written by the tsar
.
Commissioned officers of artillery
, engineer
s enjoyed a handicap of 1 grade, and the Leib Guard enjoyed a handicap of 2 grades.
In the 1798–1884 timeline, the General ranks were streamlined and a Brigadier was abolished. The Captain-Poruchik rank was reestablished again, this time as Staff-Captain. Courious Second Major and Premier Major ranks were united. In 1826, Russian Army adopted shoulder insignia and distinct Cossack
cavalry ranks.
In 1884, Major and Captain-Lieutenant ranks were abolished again and the ranks below were shifted several grades up. The latter was not reintroduced until 1907, but then again abolished in 1911.
of 1917 abolished the privileges of the Russian nobility (Dvoryanstvo). The Table of Ranks was abolished and so were personal military ranks.
Based on the teachings of Karl Marx to replace a regular army with the general arming of the people, the Bolsheviks abolished the Imperial army in 16 March 1918. But the need for an armed struggle against the counter-revolution, and foreign military intervention forced the CEC
and the CPC
, January 15, 1918 to issue a decree establishing of the "Workers' and Peasants' Red Army".
At first the new army had no ranks, aside from the single rank of "RedArmyMan". However, due to a real need, first informally and then more formally (although no document on an introduction of ranks or names of commanders was issued) in official correspondence acronyms began to appear representing position-holder titles. For example, komdiv was an acronym of Division
Commander; likewise kombat stood for Battalion
Commander, etc. By the middle of the Civil War (January 1919), these "positional ranks" became quite formal, and since January 1920 the names of officers was fixed by the Order of the Red Army. Instead of ranks, these were officially known as "categories of the Red Army." This system was maintained until May 1924. Some of these acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.
During the civil war ships did not play a significant role. Many of the sailors and petty officers of the fleet went to fight on land in the Red Army. For a long time a scale of naval ranks did not exist at all. Most of the naval officers were addressed either by their position or by their tsarist rank with the addition of front abbreviation "b.", what meant "former". Since 1924, the real rehabilitation and creation of the fleet began. Personal ranks as such did not exist during this period in the Navy.
By then, the only new rank created was the Sergeant Major (Starshina) rank in the Red Army. It was first introduced in the Worker's and Peasant's Red Navy at the same time, with the old Imperial Naval rank of Bootsmann in the Navy the only old rank still used.
rank was introduced in 1934, a year earlier.
Ranks of Junior Lieutenant and Junior Military Technician were introduced in 1937. Also restored were most of the military officer ranks in the Army and Navy, except for the General officer ranks and the Admiral officer ranks, with the naval rank of 3rd class Captain being the new officer rank introduced.
were reintroduced in 1943. The new ranks also abolished the specialist ranks for the other arms and services, and they were replaced by the new ranks with the service name attached.
Ranks "Lieutenant Colonel" and "Senior Battalion Commissar" were introduced in 1940. By then the Army rank of Corporal and the Naval rank of Midshipman were revived, and the old rank of Junior Sergeant reinstated into its modern form (the rank is from the Estonian Army but has a Russian origin in the Imperial Russian Army).
In 1942, the political commissars' service in the Red Army was finally disbanded for good, and its ranks dissolved.
From 1943 to 1961, naval ranks were adjusted to match the naval ranks of other countries. The rank of Admiral of the Fleet
was introduced during the Great Patriotic War, and was the equivalent rank to Marshal of the Soviet Union that in 1955, it was renamed Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union
. The rank was soon revived in 1962 as a General of the Army-equivalent rank in compliance to new Soviet Navy regulations for officers.
On June 27, 1945 the rank of Generalissimus Sovietskogo Soyuza (Generalissimus of the Soviet Union) was created and granted to Joseph Stalin
following the tradition of the Russian Imperial Army which granted to the Tsars the military rank in their capacity as Commanders-in-Chief. Formally it existed until 1993 but it was never used after Stalin's death.
In the 1970s, the non-commissioned officers serving under contract and holding Starshina (Master Sergeant
) rank were reassigned to newly-created Praporshchik rank (not to be confused with similarly named Russian Empire
rank of commissioned officers); starshina was reserved for conscripts only. In the Soviet Navy, however, as the Midshipman rank was formally elevated to that of a warrant officer, the NCO role of Midshipmen was replaced by the new rank of Ship Chief Master Sergeant as a result of the naval rank change. At the same time all rank insignia became uniform for the Army and Air Force plus the other services, the Navy retained theirs.
Generals of the Army and Admirals soon had their insignia changed in 1974.
The final change was in 1981 when Senior Praporshchik and Senior Midshipman ranks were added in the ranks of warrant officers.
The table of Soviet military ranks can see in Military ranks of the Soviet Union
or in the section below (as they were the same as present military ranks of the Russian Federation).
s were altered a little. The following is a table of ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
.
Russian armed forces have two styles of ranks: deck ranks (navy style ranks) and troop ranks (army and other forces style ranks). The following table of Ranks is based on those of the Russian Federation.
Troop ranks are used by:
Deck (Navy) ranks are used by:
The highest troop rank is Marshal of the Russian Federation
.
The highest Navy 'deck' rank is Admiral of the Fleet
. In the Soviet era the rank Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union was equivalent to the rank of Marshal and only three persons were given that rank. Since 1991 this rank is no longer used.
Ranks can have additional descriptors according to assignment or status. For example, the rank of a serviceman of a "Guards" unit, formation or ship may be followed by the word "Guards" ("Gefreitor of Guards"); the rank of a serviceman of the legal, medical or veterinary professions is followed by "of Justice", "of the Medical service", or "of the Veterinary service" ("Captain of the Medical Service"); and the rank of a reserve or retired serviceman is followed by the words “Reserve” or “Retired,” respectively ("Major of Reserve"). The Russian Federation abolished the descriptor "of Aviation" for pilots, however, that descriptor is still in common use.
Note: the descriptor "of Aviation" has been officially abolished but usage is still common within the Air Forces and Naval Aviation.
On March 11, 2010, by virtue of Law No.2010-293 of the President of Russia, a new set of rank insignia debuted. Privates, Airmen and Seamen sport plain shoulder epaulettes and the chevrons removed for the ranks of senior NCOs and are now replaced by plain bars (small horizontal from Corporal/Senior Airman/Leading Seaman to Sergeant/Staff Sergeant/Petty Officer increasing by seniority, large horizontal for Staff Sergeants, Flight Sergeants and Chief Petty Officers, and vertical bars for Starshinas and Ship CPO's).
WO's and Officer ranks received updated shoulder rank epaulettes (and for the Navy, cuff rank insignia) and all General Officer and Flag Officer rank insignia now reflecting service affiliation (the once gold epaulettes were replaced by the army green, air force blue and navy blue epaulettes depending on service). This was also the case for the Marshal of the Russian Federation rank epaulette, which still retained the Coat of arms of Russia
and the Marshal's Star
. But this change is now evident in the battle dress and duty uniforms only, in the new 2008 dress uniforms the change is evident in the enlisted and NCO epaulettes, but in the epaulettes of all warrant officers and officers the gold and black epaulettes stayed as is in the dress uniforms.
Peter I of Russia
Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are Old Style. All other dates in this article are New Style. ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother, Ivan V...
. Most of the rank names were borrowed from existing German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
/Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n, French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, English
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, and Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
ranks upon the formation of Russian regular army
Regular army
A regular army consists of the permanent force of a country's army that is maintained under arms during peacetime.Countries that use the term include:*Australian Army*British Army*Canadian Forces, specifically "Regular Force"*Egyptian army*Indian Army...
in late 17th century.
Muscovy
The rulers of the Kievan Rus entities had no standing army besides permanent group of personal guards, druzhinaDruzhina
Druzhina, Drużyna or Družyna in the medieval history of Slavic Europe was a retinue in service of a chieftain, also called knyaz. The name is derived from the Slavic word drug with the meaning of "companion, friend". -Early Rus:...
(дружи'на); members of the unit were called druzhinnik (дружи'нник). In case of emergency, a militia
Militia
The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with...
was raised from volunteers from the peasantry, and the druzhina served as the core of the troops. The local knyaz
Knyaz
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English as either Prince or less commonly as Duke....
served as the military leader of the troops. Thus there were no need in permanent ranks or positions and they were created randomly, based on the task(s) in hand.
Upon the formation of Strelets troops
Streltsy
Streltsy were the units of Russian guardsmen in the 16th - early 18th centuries, armed with firearms. They are also collectively known as Marksman Troops .- Origins and organization :...
, the low-level commanding officers were appointed to one of the following ranks:
- strelets (стреле́ц), a basic soldier;
- desyatnik (деся́тник, 'of ten men'), acting as sergeantSergeantSergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent....
/corporalCorporalCorporal is a rank in use in some form by most militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations. It is usually equivalent to NATO Rank Code OR-4....
; - sotnikSotnikSotnik or Sotnyk was a military rank among the Cossack starshyna , Strelets Troops in Muscovy and Imperial Cossack cavalry , the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Ukrainian Galician Army, and the Ukrainian People's Army.-Military rank:Literally it means commander of hundred men in most Slavonic...
(со́тник, 'of hundred men'), acting as captain.
These were not personal ranks and were retained only as long as the officer held the position. For battles, the troops were organized unto temporary high-level units, usually polk (полк, Old Slavonic
Old Slavonic
Old Slavonic may refer to:*Old Church Slavonic language*Common Slavonic language...
for group of troops), a regiment
Regiment
A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel...
commanded by golova (голова́, head) or voyevoda (воево́да, war leader); these commanding positions were not permanent and did not sustain after the battle. The cossack
Cossack
Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...
units had their own ranks of Kazak
Cossack
Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
(коза́к), yesaul
Yesaul
Yesaul, or Osaul , , a post and a rank in the Ukrainian and Russian Cossack units.The first records of the rank imply that it was introduced by Stefan Batory, King of Poland in 1576.-Cossacks in Russia:...
(есау́л) and ataman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
(атама́н); they were not comparable to the strelets ranks.
Upon the formation of standing regiment
Regiment
A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel...
s (prikaz, later polk), new ranks were inserted in between of the existing grades: pyatidesyatnik (пятидеся́тник, of fifty men) acting as lieutenant, golova acting as colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
of the regiment (also, tysyatskiy (ты́сяцкий, 'of thousand men'). Later, a polugolova (полуголова́) rank was introduced; eventually golova was renamed polkovnik (полко́вник, regimental commander), and polugolova was renamed podpolkovnik (sub-polkovnik). As usual, voyevoda was simply a commander
Commander
Commander is a naval rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the armed forces, particularly in police and law enforcement.-Commander as a naval...
of a large military group and not a rank of any kind.
At the same time, the companies
Company (military unit)
A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 80–225 soldiers and usually commanded by a Captain, Major or Commandant. Most companies are formed of three to five platoons although the exact number may vary by country, unit type, and structure...
of foreign mercenaries
Mercenary
A mercenary, is a person who takes part in an armed conflict based on the promise of material compensation rather than having a direct interest in, or a legal obligation to, the conflict itself. A non-conscript professional member of a regular army is not considered to be a mercenary although he...
were formed; these incorporated foreign ranks of Lieutenant and Rittmeister
Rittmeister
Rotamaster was the military rank of a commissioned cavalry officer in charge of a squadron , the equivalent of O3 or Captain, in the German-speaking armies, Austro-Hungarian, Polish-Lithuanian, Russian and some other states.The exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings in different...
. They were later changed into New Regiments of the Streltsy Troops and more Western ranks were adopted, including General. Finally, by 1680 the ranks of the New Regiments were unified with Strelets Troops.
| Category | Foreign regiments | Streltsy Streltsy Streltsy were the units of Russian guardsmen in the 16th - early 18th centuries, armed with firearms. They are also collectively known as Marksman Troops .- Origins and organization :... |
Equivalent Western rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Privates | Soldat Soldier A soldier is a member of the land component of national armed forces; whereas a soldier hired for service in a foreign army would be termed a mercenary... (солда́т), Reiter Reiter Reiters were a type of cavalry, which appeared in the armies of Western Europe in the 16th century in place of the outmoded lance-armed knights, at the same time that cuirassiers and dragoons began to attain typological distinction from other kinds of cavalry... (рейта́р), Dragoon Dragoon The word dragoon originally meant mounted infantry, who were trained in horse riding as well as infantry fighting skills. However, usage altered over time and during the 18th century, dragoons evolved into conventional light cavalry units and personnel... (драгу́н) |
Strelets (стреле́ц) | Private Private (rank) A Private is a soldier of the lowest military rank .In modern military parlance, 'Private' is shortened to 'Pte' in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries and to 'Pvt.' in the United States.Notably both Sir Fitzroy MacLean and Enoch Powell are examples of, rare, rapid career... /Soldier |
| Line Officers (low grades) | Kapral (капра́л) | Desyatnik (деся́тник) | Corporal Corporal Corporal is a rank in use in some form by most militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations. It is usually equivalent to NATO Rank Code OR-4.... |
| Podpraporshchik (подпра́порщик, a rank of sub-ensign) | — | Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... |
|
| Line officers (middle grade) | Praporshchik Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... (пра́порщик, Flag Bearer basing on Old Slavonic Old Slavonic Old Slavonic may refer to:*Old Church Slavonic language*Common Slavonic language... prapor (прапор), flag Flag A flag is a piece of fabric with a distinctive design that is usually rectangular and used as a symbol, as a signaling device, or decoration. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed by a flag, or to its depiction in another medium.The first flags were used to assist... ) |
— | Master Sergeant Master Sergeant A master sergeant is the military rank for a senior non-commissioned officer in some armed forces.-Israel Defense Forces:Rav samal rishoninsignia IDF... /Ensign Ensign (rank) Ensign is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. As the junior officer in an infantry regiment was traditionally the carrier of the ensign flag, the rank itself acquired the name.... |
| Leytenant, Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... (лейтена́нт, пору́чик; the latter is based on Polish Polish language Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries... porucznik) |
Pyatidesyatnik (пятидеся́тник) | Lieutenant | |
| Kapitan, Rotmistr (капита́н, ро́тмистр; the latter is adaptation of German Rittmeister Rittmeister Rotamaster was the military rank of a commissioned cavalry officer in charge of a squadron , the equivalent of O3 or Captain, in the German-speaking armies, Austro-Hungarian, Polish-Lithuanian, Russian and some other states.The exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings in different... ) |
Sotnik Sotnik Sotnik or Sotnyk was a military rank among the Cossack starshyna , Strelets Troops in Muscovy and Imperial Cossack cavalry , the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Ukrainian Galician Army, and the Ukrainian People's Army.-Military rank:Literally it means commander of hundred men in most Slavonic... (со́тник) |
Captain | |
| Line officers (high grade) | Mayor (майо́р) | — | Major |
| Podpolkovnik, also polupolkovnik (подполко́вник, полуполко́вник, a sub-polkovnik) | Polugolova, also pyatisotenny golova (полуголова́, пятисо́тенный голова́) | Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence... |
|
| Polkovnik Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... (полко́вник, from Russian Russian language Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics... polk for regiment Regiment A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel... ) |
Golova, also polkovnik ( голова́, полко́вник) | Colonel Colonel Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures... |
|
| Generals | General-Mayor (генера́л-майо́р) | — | Major General Major General Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general... |
| General-Poruchik (генера́л-пору́чик) | — | Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... |
Russian Empire
During the beginning of 18th century, military ranks were frequently changed by the tzarPeter I of Russia
Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are Old Style. All other dates in this article are New Style. ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother, Ivan V...
during efforts to reform the army and create a strong Navy. These many changes were routinely documented into Army's Rules of Engagement
Rules of engagement
Rules of Engagement refers to those responses that are permitted in the employment of military personnel during operations or in the course of their duties. These rules of engagement are determined by the legal framework within which these duties are being carried out...
since 1716, until they were finally incorporated into the first variant of Table of Ranks in 1722. Comparing to Strelets Troops, a few more non-commissioned ranks were added, the soldier rank was replaced with many speciality ranks and a few more General ranks were added. The naval ranks were created from scratch.
The officers were styled according to their rank as defined by the Table.
1722-1917
By 1722, the ranks of both enlisted staff and commissioned/non-commissioned officers were somewhat settled; these ranks survived until the Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution of 1917
The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The Tsar was deposed and replaced by a provisional government in the first revolution of February 1917...
with only minor adjustments.
Captain-Poruchik rank is comparable to Lieutenant Captain. Note that Poruchik can sometimes be styled as Porutchik, as it was originally written by the tsar
Peter I of Russia
Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are Old Style. All other dates in this article are New Style. ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother, Ivan V...
.
Commissioned officers of artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
, engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
s enjoyed a handicap of 1 grade, and the Leib Guard enjoyed a handicap of 2 grades.
In the 1798–1884 timeline, the General ranks were streamlined and a Brigadier was abolished. The Captain-Poruchik rank was reestablished again, this time as Staff-Captain. Courious Second Major and Premier Major ranks were united. In 1826, Russian Army adopted shoulder insignia and distinct Cossack
Cossack
Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
cavalry ranks.
In 1884, Major and Captain-Lieutenant ranks were abolished again and the ranks below were shifted several grades up. The latter was not reintroduced until 1907, but then again abolished in 1911.
| Grade | Category | Army, Infantry Infantry Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies... |
Cavalry Cavalry Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms... , (since 1731) |
Artillery Artillery Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons... , Engineer Engineer An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,... |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | Generals | Generalissimo (Генерали́ссимус) General-Fieldmarshal Field Marshal Field Marshal is a military rank. Traditionally, it is the highest military rank in an army.-Etymology:The origin of the rank of field marshal dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of the king's horses , from the time of the early Frankish kings.-Usage and hierarchical... of Russia (генерал-фельдмаршал) |
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| II | Général en Chef General-in-Chief General-in-Chief has been a military rank or title in various armed forces around the world.- France :In France, General-in-Chief was first an informal title for the lieutenant-general commanding over others lieutenant-generals, or even for some marshals in charge of an army... (генера́л-анше́ф) (1730—1796) General of the Infantry (генера́л от инфанте́рии ) (since 1796) Adjutant General Adjutant general An Adjutant General is a military chief administrative officer.-Imperial Russia:In Imperial Russia, the General-Adjutant was a Court officer, who was usually an army general. He served as a personal aide to the Tsar and hence was a member of the H. I. M. Retinue... (генера́л-адъюта́нт ) (1701–1917) Quartermaster General Quartermaster general A Quartermaster general is the staff officer in charge of supplies for a whole army.- The United Kingdom :In the United Kingdom, the Quartermaster-General to the Forces is one of the most senior generals in the British Army... (генера́л-квартирме́йстер) (1701–1916) |
General of the Cavalry (генера́л от кавале́рии) | General of the Artillery General of the Artillery (Imperial Russia) In the Imperial Russian army, General of the Artillery was the second-highest possible rank, below Generalissimo of Russia or General-Fieldmarshal, produced by splitting General-in-Chief into service branches.... (генера́л от артилле́рии) (since 1796) General Feldzeugmeister Feldzeugmeister Feldzeugmeister was a military rank in various European armies , especially in the artillery. It was commonly used in the 16th or 17th century, but could even be found in the beginning of the 20th century in some European countries... (генера́л-фельдцейхме́йстер) until 1796 Engineer-General (инжене́р-генера́л) (since 1802) General Provisionsmeister (генера́л-провиантме́йстер) until 1796 |
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| III | General-Poruchik Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... (генера́л-пору́чик) (until 1800) Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... (генера́л-лейтена́нт) (since 1800) |
General-Poruchik Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... (генера́л-пору́чик) |
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| IV | Major General Major General Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general... (генера́л-майо́р) |
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| V | Staff Officers | Brigadier Brigadier Brigadier is a senior military rank, the meaning of which is somewhat different in different military services. The brigadier rank is generally superior to the rank of colonel, and subordinate to major general.... (бригади́р) (until 1798) |
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| VI | Polkovnik Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... /Colonel (полко́вник) |
Polkovnik Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... /Colonel (полко́вник) |
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| VII | Sub-Polkovnik Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... /Lieutenant Colonel (подполко́вник) |
Sub-Polkovnik Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... /Lieutenant Colonel (подполко́вник) |
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| VIII | Premier/First Major (премье́р-майо́р) Second Major (секу́нд-майо́р) |
Major (майо́р) | ||
| Officers | — | Captain (капита́н) | ||
| IX | Captain (капита́н) | Rittmeister Rittmeister Rotamaster was the military rank of a commissioned cavalry officer in charge of a squadron , the equivalent of O3 or Captain, in the German-speaking armies, Austro-Hungarian, Polish-Lithuanian, Russian and some other states.The exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings in different... /Ride Master (ро́тмистр) |
Captain-Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... /Captain Lieutenant (капита́н-пору́чик) (until 1731 and since 1765) |
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| X | Captain-Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... /Captain Lieutenant (капита́н-пору́чик) (until 1731) Stabs-Captain/Staff Captain (штабс-капита́н) |
Stabs-Rittmeister Rittmeister Rotamaster was the military rank of a commissioned cavalry officer in charge of a squadron , the equivalent of O3 or Captain, in the German-speaking armies, Austro-Hungarian, Polish-Lithuanian, Russian and some other states.The exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings in different... /Staff-Ritmeister/Ride Master (штабс-ро́тмистр) (until 1798) |
Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... (пору́чик) |
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| XI | Lieutenant (лейтена́нт) or Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... (пору́чик) (since 1765) |
Sub-Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... /Sub-lieutenant (подпору́чик) (since 1765) |
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| XII | Lieutenant (лейтена́нт) or Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... (пору́чик) (until 1765); Sub-Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... /Sub-lieutenant (подпору́чик) since 1765 |
Sub-Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... /Sub-lieutenant (подпору́чик) (until 1765) |
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| XIII | Sub-Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... /Sub-lieutenant (подпору́чик) (until 1765) |
Bayonet-Junker Junker (Russia) Junker has several meanings in the Imperial Russia. The word is from the German language, where it means "young lord".*Junker was a military rank for junior officers of dvoryan descent since 1902.... (штык-ю́нкер); Praporshchik Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... /Ensign (пра́порщик) since 1765 |
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| XIV | Praporshchik Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... /Fähnrich Ensign (rank) Ensign is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. As the junior officer in an infantry regiment was traditionally the carrier of the ensign flag, the rank itself acquired the name.... /Senior Ensign (пра́порщик / фе́нрих / фе́ндрик) |
Cornet Cornet (military rank) Cornet was originally the third and lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British cavalry troop, after captain and lieutenant. A cornet is a new and junior officer.- Traditional duties :The cornet carried the troop standard, also known as a "cornet".... (корне́т) |
Regular Praporshchik Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... /Ensign (зауряд-пра́порщик) |
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| Under-Officers | Senior Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... (ста́рший сержа́нт); Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1765–1826); Sub-Praporshchik Podpraporshchik Podpraporshchik was one of the non-commissioned ranks, originally below the Sergeant and Feldwebel but since 1826 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and Leib Guard. In 1884, the podpraporshchik rank was renamed Zauryad-praporshchik .... (подпра́порщик) (1826–1884); Regular Praporshchik Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... /Regular Ensign (зауряд-пра́порщик) (since 1884) |
Wachtmeister Wachtmeister Wachtmeister was a German, Austrian and Swiss military rank of non-commissioned officers. It was also adopted into Russian Army vakhmistr and was used as Sergeant-grade rank in cavalry , then Special Corps of Gendarmes and Cossack cavalry and Cossack Leib Guard units... /Watch Master (вáхмистр) (until 1884); none (since 1884) |
Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1765–1826); Sub-Praporshchik Podpraporshchik Podpraporshchik was one of the non-commissioned ranks, originally below the Sergeant and Feldwebel but since 1826 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and Leib Guard. In 1884, the podpraporshchik rank was renamed Zauryad-praporshchik .... /Junior Ensign(подпра́порщик) (1826–1884); Regular Praporshchik Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... /Regular Ensign (зауряд-пра́порщик) (since 1884) |
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| Junior Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... (мл́адший сержа́нт); Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... (сержа́нт) (1765–1798); Portupey Praporshchik Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... (портупе́й пра́порщик) (1798–1826); Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1826–1884); Sub-Praporshchik Podpraporshchik Podpraporshchik was one of the non-commissioned ranks, originally below the Sergeant and Feldwebel but since 1826 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and Leib Guard. In 1884, the podpraporshchik rank was renamed Zauryad-praporshchik .... (подпра́порщик) (since 1884) |
Estandart Junker Junker A Junker was a member of the landed nobility of Prussia and eastern Germany. These families were mostly part of the German Uradel and carried on the colonization and Christianization of the northeastern European territories during the medieval Ostsiedlung. The abbreviation of Junker is Jkr... (эстандáрт-ю́нкер) (1798–1826); Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1826–1884); Wachtmeister Wachtmeister Wachtmeister was a German, Austrian and Swiss military rank of non-commissioned officers. It was also adopted into Russian Army vakhmistr and was used as Sergeant-grade rank in cavalry , then Special Corps of Gendarmes and Cossack cavalry and Cossack Leib Guard units... (вáхмистр) (since 1884) |
Portupey Junker Junker A Junker was a member of the landed nobility of Prussia and eastern Germany. These families were mostly part of the German Uradel and carried on the colonization and Christianization of the northeastern European territories during the medieval Ostsiedlung. The abbreviation of Junker is Jkr... (портупéй-ю́нкер) (1798–1826); Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1826–1884); Sub-Praporshchik Podpraporshchik Podpraporshchik was one of the non-commissioned ranks, originally below the Sergeant and Feldwebel but since 1826 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and Leib Guard. In 1884, the podpraporshchik rank was renamed Zauryad-praporshchik .... /Junior Ensign (подпра́порщик) (since 1884) |
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| Sub-Praporshchik Podpraporshchik Podpraporshchik was one of the non-commissioned ranks, originally below the Sergeant and Feldwebel but since 1826 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and Leib Guard. In 1884, the podpraporshchik rank was renamed Zauryad-praporshchik .... (подпра́порщик) (until 1826); Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... (сержа́нт) (1826–1884); Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1884–1917) |
Gefreit-Corporal (гефре́йт-капра́л) (1731–1765); Sub-Praporshchik Podpraporshchik Podpraporshchik was one of the non-commissioned ranks, originally below the Sergeant and Feldwebel but since 1826 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and Leib Guard. In 1884, the podpraporshchik rank was renamed Zauryad-praporshchik .... (подпра́порщик) (1765–1826); Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1884–1917) |
Sub-Praporshchik Podpraporshchik Podpraporshchik was one of the non-commissioned ranks, originally below the Sergeant and Feldwebel but since 1826 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and Leib Guard. In 1884, the podpraporshchik rank was renamed Zauryad-praporshchik .... (подпра́порщик) (until 1826); Feldwebel Feldwebel Feldwebel is a German military rank which has existed since at least the 18th century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word Feldwebel is usually translated as sergeant being rated OR-6 in the NATO rank comparison scale, equivalent to the British Army Sergeant and the US Army... (фельдфе́бель) (1884–1917) |
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| Kaptenarmus Armorer An armourer or armorer is a member of a military or police force who maintains and repairs small arms and weapons systems, with some duties resembling those of a civilian gunsmith.... (каптена́рмус); Senior Unteroffizier Unteroffizier Unteroffizier is both a specific military rank as well as a collective term for non-commissioned officers of the German military that has existed since the 19th century. The rank existed as a title as early as the 17th century with the first widespread usage occurring in the Bavarian Army of the... /Under Officer (ста́рший у́нтер-офице́р) (since 1800) |
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| Farrier Farrier A farrier is a specialist in equine hoof care, including the trimming and balancing of horses' hooves and the placing of shoes on their hooves... (фурье́р) |
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| Corporal Corporal Corporal is a rank in use in some form by most militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations. It is usually equivalent to NATO Rank Code OR-4.... (капра́л); Unteroffizier Unteroffizier Unteroffizier is both a specific military rank as well as a collective term for non-commissioned officers of the German military that has existed since the 19th century. The rank existed as a title as early as the 17th century with the first widespread usage occurring in the Bavarian Army of the... (у́нтер-офице́р) |
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| Privates | Gefreiter Gefreiter Gefreiter is the German, Swiss and Austrian equivalent for the military rank Private . Gefreiter was the lowest rank to which an ordinary soldier could be promoted. As a military rank it has existed since at least the 16th century... (гефре́йтор) |
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| Musketeer Musketeer A musketeer was an early modern type of infantry soldier equipped with a musket. Musketeers were an important part of early modern armies, particularly in Europe. They sometimes could fight on horseback, like a dragoon or a cavalryman... , Fusilier Fusilier Fusilier was originally the name of a soldier armed with a light flintlock musket called the fusil. The word was first used around 1680, and has later developed into a regimental designation.-History:... , Jaeger Skirmisher Skirmishers are infantry or cavalry soldiers stationed ahead or alongside a larger body of friendly troops. They are usually placed in a skirmish line to harass the enemy.-Pre-modern:... , Grenadier, Pikenier, Hajduk Hajduk Hajduk is a term most commonly referring to outlaws, highwaymen or freedom fighters in the Balkans, Central- and Eastern Europe.... , Strelets, Archer Bow (weapon) The bow and arrow is a projectile weapon system that predates recorded history and is common to most cultures.-Description:A bow is a flexible arc that shoots aerodynamic projectiles by means of elastic energy. Essentially, the bow is a form of spring powered by a string or cord... , Rifleman Rifleman Although ultimately originating with the 16th century handgunners and the 17th century musketeers and streltsy, the term rifleman originated from the 18th century. It would later become the term for the archetypal common soldier.-History:... etc. (мушкетё́р, фузилё́р, е́герь, гренадё́р, пикинё́р, гайду́к, стреле́ц, лу́чник и т.д.) |
Dragoon Dragoon The word dragoon originally meant mounted infantry, who were trained in horse riding as well as infantry fighting skills. However, usage altered over time and during the 18th century, dragoons evolved into conventional light cavalry units and personnel... , Hussar Hussar Hussar refers to a number of types of light cavalry which originated in Hungary in the 14th century, tracing its roots from Serbian medieval cavalry tradition, brought to Hungary in the course of the Serb migrations, which began in the late 14th century.... , Cuirassier Cuirassier Cuirassiers were mounted cavalry soldiers equipped with armour and firearms, first appearing in late 15th-century Europe. They were the successors of the medieval armoured knights... s, Uhlan Uhlan Uhlans were Polish light cavalry armed with lances, sabres and pistols. The title was later used by lancer regiments in the Russian, Prussian, and Austrian armies.... , Lancers, Cossack Cossack Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the... s, Carabiner Carabiner A carabiner or karabiner is a metal loop with a sprung or screwed gate that is used to quickly and reversibly connect components in safety-critical systems. The word comes from "Karabinerhaken", meaning "hook for a carbine" in German.-Use:... , etc. (драгу́н, гуса́р, кираси́р, улáн, ланцéр, каза́к и т.д.) |
Cannon Cannon A cannon is any piece of artillery that uses gunpowder or other usually explosive-based propellents to launch a projectile. Cannon vary in caliber, range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire, and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees,... ier, Handlageer, Sapper Sapper A sapper, pioneer or combat engineer is a combatant soldier who performs a wide variety of combat engineering duties, typically including, but not limited to, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, demolitions, field defences, general construction and building, as well as road and airfield... , Pioneer, Miner Miner A miner is a person whose work or business is to extract ore or minerals from the earth. Mining is one of the most dangerous trades in the world. In some countries miners lack social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance.... , Pontooner Pontoon (boat) A pontoon is a flotation device with buoyancy sufficient to float itself as well as a heavy load. A pontoon boat is a flattish boat that relies on pontoons to float. Pontoons may be used on boats, rafts, barges, docks, floatplanes or seaplanes. Pontoons may support a platform, creating a raft. A... etc. (канони́р, гандлаге́р, сапё́р, пионе́р, минё́р, понтонё́р и т.д.) |
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| Grade | Category | Rank |
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| I | Admirals | General Admiral General Admiral General admiral was a Danish, Dutch, German, Russian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish naval rank. Its historic origin is a title high military or naval dignitaries of early modern Europe sometimes held, for example the commander-in-chief of the Dutch Republic's navy .-Third Reich:In the German... (генера́л-адмира́л) |
| II | Admiral Admiral Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"... (адмира́л) |
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| III | Vice Admiral Vice Admiral Vice admiral is a senior naval rank of a three-star flag officer, which is equivalent to lieutenant general in the other uniformed services. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral... (ви́це-адмира́л) |
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| IV | Schout-bij-nacht Schout-bij-nacht Schout-bij-nacht is a Dutch Naval rank, equivalent to Rear Admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy. It is the second most junior Admiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above Commandeur and below a Vice-admiraal .... (шаутбейна́хт); Rear Admiral or Counter Admiral Counter Admiral Counter admiral is a rank found in many navies of the world, but no longer used in English-speaking countries, where the equivalent rank is rear admiral... since 1724 (ко́нтр-адмира́л) |
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| V | Staff Officers | Captain Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... -Commodore (капита́н-командо́р) (until 1764) and (1798–1826); Captain of Brigadier rank (капита́н брагади́рского ра́нга) (1764–1798) |
| VI | Captain Captain at Sea Captain at Sea, is a naval rank corresponding to command of a ship-of-the-line or capital ship.... , 1st rank (капита́н 1-го ра́нга) |
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| VII | Captain Frigate Captain Frigate captain is a naval rank in the naval forces of several countries.It is, usually, equivalent to the Commonwealth/US Navy rank of commander.Countries using this rank include Argentina and Spain , France , Belgium , Italy ,... , 2nd rank (капита́н 2-го ра́нга) |
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| VIII | Captain Corvette Captain Corvette captain is a rank in many navies which theoretically corresponds to command of a corvette . The equivalent rank in the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and USA is lieutenant commander... , 3rd rank (капита́н 3-го ра́нга) (until 1730); Captain-Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... (капита́н-поручи́к) (until 1784); Captain Lieutenant Captain Lieutenant Captain lieutenant or captain-lieutenant is a military rank, used in a number of different navies worldwide.It is generally equivalent to the Commonwealth or US rank of lieutenant, and has the NATO rank code of OF-2, though this can vary.... (капита́н-лейтена́нт) (since 1784) |
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| IX | Officers | Lieutenant (лейтена́нт) or Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... (пору́чик) (since 1884) |
| X | Under-Lieutenant Lieutenant A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank... (ýнтер лейтена́нт) (until 1724); Poruchik Poruchik Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New... (пору́чик) (until 1884); Midshipman Midshipman A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya... (ми́чман) (since 1884) |
|
| XI | Ship Secretary (корабе́льный секрета́рь) (until 1834); Podporuchik (подпору́чик) (until 1884) | |
| XII | Midshipman Midshipman A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya... (ми́чман) (1864–1884) |
|
| XIII | Midshipman Midshipman A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya... (ми́чман) (1758–1864) |
|
| XIV | ||
| Under-Officers | Stuurman Chief Mate A Chief Mate or Chief Officer, usually also synonymous with the First Mate or First Officer , is a licensed member and head of the deck department of a merchant ship... (шту́рман); Senior Unteroffizier Unteroffizier Unteroffizier is both a specific military rank as well as a collective term for non-commissioned officers of the German military that has existed since the 19th century. The rank existed as a title as early as the 17th century with the first widespread usage occurring in the Bavarian Army of the... (ста́рший у́нтер-офице́р); Conductor (кондукто́р) |
|
| Skipper (шки́пер) | ||
| Midshipman Midshipman A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya... (ми́чман) (until 1758); Unteroffizier Unteroffizier Unteroffizier is both a specific military rank as well as a collective term for non-commissioned officers of the German military that has existed since the 19th century. The rank existed as a title as early as the 17th century with the first widespread usage occurring in the Bavarian Army of the... (у́нтер-офице́р) (since 1758); Konstapel (конста́пель) |
||
| Bootsmann Bootsmann Bootsmann was a highest-ranking Petty Officer position in German naval forces. A lower-ranking Bootsmann was called Bootsmannsmaat. These names were adopted for the Russian Navy as боцман and боцманмат by Peter the Great, among many other Prussian and Holland military ranks; they were initially... (Bosun) (бо́цман); Shchieman Shipman -People:*Alan Shipman, English cricketer*Claire Shipman, American television correspondent*David Shipman, American colonist*Dee Shipman, songwriter*Ellen Biddle Shipman, American landscape architect*Evan Biddle Shipman... (Schooner Schooner A schooner is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts with the forward mast being no taller than the rear masts.... man) (шхи́ман) |
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| Sub Skipper (подшхи́ман); Sub Stuurman Second Mate A second mate or second officer is a licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The second mate is the third in command and a watchkeeping officer, customarily the ship's navigator. Other duties vary, but the second mate is often the medical officer and in charge of maintaining... , (подшту́рман); Bootsmannmaat Maat Maat is a naval rank of the German navy equivalent to the army rank of Unteroffizier. A Maat is considered the equivalent of a junior Petty Officer in the navies of many other nations.... (боцманма́т); Shchiemanmaat Third Mate A Third Mate or Third Officer is a licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The third mate is a watchstander and customarily the ship's safety officer and fourth-in-command... (шхиманма́т) |
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| Quartermaster Quartermaster Quartermaster refers to two different military occupations depending on if the assigned unit is land based or naval.In land armies, especially US units, it is a term referring to either an individual soldier or a unit who specializes in distributing supplies and provisions to troops. The senior... (квартирмéйстер) |
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| Privates | 1st rank Seaman (матро́с 1-й статьи́) | |
| 2nd rank Seaman Seaman Seaman is one of the lowest ranks in a Navy. In the Commonwealth it is the lowest rank in the Navy, followed by Able Seaman and Leading Seaman, and followed by the Petty Officer ranks.... (матро́с 2-й статьи́) |
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1918–1925
The October RevolutionOctober Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
of 1917 abolished the privileges of the Russian nobility (Dvoryanstvo). The Table of Ranks was abolished and so were personal military ranks.
Based on the teachings of Karl Marx to replace a regular army with the general arming of the people, the Bolsheviks abolished the Imperial army in 16 March 1918. But the need for an armed struggle against the counter-revolution, and foreign military intervention forced the CEC
All-Russian Central Executive Committee
All-Russian Central Executive Committee , was the highest legislative, administrative, and revising body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Although the All-Russian Congress of Soviets had supreme authority, in periods between its sessions its powers were passed to VTsIK...
and the CPC
Council of the People's Commissars
The Council of People's Commissars , was a government institution formed shortly after the October Revolution in 1917. Created in the Russian Republic the council laid foundations in restructuring the country to form the Soviet Union...
, January 15, 1918 to issue a decree establishing of the "Workers' and Peasants' Red Army".
At first the new army had no ranks, aside from the single rank of "RedArmyMan". However, due to a real need, first informally and then more formally (although no document on an introduction of ranks or names of commanders was issued) in official correspondence acronyms began to appear representing position-holder titles. For example, komdiv was an acronym of Division
Division (military)
A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps...
Commander; likewise kombat stood for Battalion
Battalion
A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel...
Commander, etc. By the middle of the Civil War (January 1919), these "positional ranks" became quite formal, and since January 1920 the names of officers was fixed by the Order of the Red Army. Instead of ranks, these were officially known as "categories of the Red Army." This system was maintained until May 1924. Some of these acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.
During the civil war ships did not play a significant role. Many of the sailors and petty officers of the fleet went to fight on land in the Red Army. For a long time a scale of naval ranks did not exist at all. Most of the naval officers were addressed either by their position or by their tsarist rank with the addition of front abbreviation "b.", what meant "former". Since 1924, the real rehabilitation and creation of the fleet began. Personal ranks as such did not exist during this period in the Navy.
By then, the only new rank created was the Sergeant Major (Starshina) rank in the Red Army. It was first introduced in the Worker's and Peasant's Red Navy at the same time, with the old Imperial Naval rank of Bootsmann in the Navy the only old rank still used.
| Army Ranks | Naval Ranks | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Categories | Names of key posts | Groups | |
Краскомы (Kraskomy) |
Наркомвоенмор (Narkomvoyenmor) |
(Высший командный и начальствующий состав) |
|
Front (Soviet Army) A front was a major military organization in the Soviet Army during many wars. It was roughly equivalent to an army group in the militaries of most other countries except Germany... Commander Комфронта (Komfronta) |
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Командарм (Komandarm) |
Начморси (Nachmorsi) |
||
Comcor Comcor was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s.... Комкор (Komkor) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... Chief Начальник дивизии кораблей (Nachalnik divizii korabley) |
||
Comdiv Comdiv or Komdiv , abbreviated from команди́р диви́зии was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s.... Начдив (Nachdiv) |
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... Commander Командир бригады кораблей (Komandir brigady korabley) |
||
Combrig Combrig was a military rank used in the Red Army for commanders of brigades between 1935 and 1940 . Kombrigs were senior to polkovniks and junior to comdivs... Комбриг (Kombrig) |
Командир дивизиона кораблей (Komandir diviziona korabley) |
(Старший командный и начальствующий состав) |
|
Regiment A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel... al Commander Комполка (Kompolka) |
Командир корабля (Komandir korablya) |
||
Combat (military rank) Combat or Kombat , abbreviated from Командир батальона was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s. At that time it was roughly equivalent to the rank of Captain.... Комбат (Kombat) |
Старший помощник командира корабля (Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya) |
||
Combat (military rank) Combat or Kombat , abbreviated from Командир батальона was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s. At that time it was roughly equivalent to the rank of Captain.... Помкомбат (Pomkombat) |
Помощник командира корабля (Pomoshchnik komandira korablya) |
||
Company Commander A company commander is the commanding officer of a company, a military unit which typically consists of 100 to 350 soldiers, often organized into three or four smaller units called platoons.... or Escadron Commander Squadron Leader Squadron Leader is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence. It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure. In these... Комроты or Комэск (Komroty) or (Komesk) |
Командир боевой части (Komandir boyevoy chasti) |
(Средний командный и начальствующий состав) |
|
Company Commander A company commander is the commanding officer of a company, a military unit which typically consists of 100 to 350 soldiers, often organized into three or four smaller units called platoons.... or Assistant of Escadron Commander Squadron Leader Squadron Leader is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence. It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure. In these... Помкомроты or Помкомэск (Pomkomroty) or (Pomkomesk) |
Командир группы (Komandir gruppy) |
||
Platoon leader A platoon leader or platoon commander is the officer in command of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer — a second or first lieutenant, or an equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant... Комвзвода (Komvzvoda) |
Squad In military terminology, a squad is a small military unit led by a non-commissioned officer that is subordinate to an infantry platoon. In countries following the British Army tradition this organization is referred to as a section... Commander Командир отделения (Komandir otdeleniya) |
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Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... Старшина (Starshina) |
(Младший командный и начальствующий состав) |
||
Platoon leader A platoon leader or platoon commander is the officer in command of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer — a second or first lieutenant, or an equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant... Помкомвзвода (Pomkomvzvoda) |
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... or Boatswain Boatswain A boatswain , bo's'n, bos'n, or bosun is an unlicensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The boatswain supervises the other unlicensed members of the ship's deck department, and typically is not a watchstander, except on vessels with small crews... /Bootsmann Bootsmann Bootsmann was a highest-ranking Petty Officer position in German naval forces. A lower-ranking Bootsmann was called Bootsmannsmaat. These names were adopted for the Russian Navy as боцман and боцманмат by Peter the Great, among many other Prussian and Holland military ranks; they were initially... Старшина or боцман (Starshina) or (Botsman) |
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Squad In military terminology, a squad is a small military unit led by a non-commissioned officer that is subordinate to an infantry platoon. In countries following the British Army tradition this organization is referred to as a section... Commander Комот (Komot) |
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Красноармейцы (Krasnoarmeytsy) |
Красноармеец (Krasnoarmeyets) |
Краснофлотец (Krasnoflotets) |
(Рядовой состав) |
1925–1935
By that year, the ranks were expanded to match the military ranks of other countries' armed forces.| Categories | Names of key posts | Groups | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Army Ranks | Naval Ranks | ||
Front (Soviet Army) A front was a major military organization in the Soviet Army during many wars. It was roughly equivalent to an army group in the militaries of most other countries except Germany... Commander Командующий фронтом (Komanduyushchiy frontom) |
Главнокомандующий флотом республики (Glavnokomanduyushchiy flotom respubliky) |
(Высший командный и начальствующий состав) |
|
Командующий армией (Komanduyushchiy armiey) & Assistant of Front Commander Помощник командующего фронтом (Pomoshchnik komanduyushchego frontom) |
Naval fleet A fleet, or naval fleet, is a large formation of warships, and the largest formation in any navy. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land.... Commander Командующий флотом (Komanduyushchiy flotom) |
||
Comcor Comcor was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s.... Командир корпуса (Komandir korpusa) & Assistant of Army Commander Помощник командующего армией (Pomoshchnik komanduyushchego armiey) |
Flotilla A flotilla , or naval flotilla, is a formation of small warships that may be part of a larger fleet. A flotilla is usually composed of a homogeneous group of the same class of warship, such as frigates, destroyers, torpedo boats, submarines, gunboats, or minesweepers... Commander Командующий флотилией (Komanduyushchiy flotiliey) |
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Comdiv Comdiv or Komdiv , abbreviated from команди́р диви́зии was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s.... Командир дивизии (Komandir divizii) & Assistant of Corps Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Commander Помощник командира корпуса (Pomoshchnik komandira korpusa) |
Squadron (naval) A squadron, or naval squadron, is a unit of 3-4 major warships, transport ships, submarines, or sometimes small craft that may be part of a larger task force or a fleet... Commander Командующий эскадрой (Komanduyushchiy eskadroy) |
||
Combrig Combrig was a military rank used in the Red Army for commanders of brigades between 1935 and 1940 . Kombrigs were senior to polkovniks and junior to comdivs... Командир бригады (Komandir brigady) & Assistant of the Divizia Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... Commander Помощник командира дивизии (Pomoshchnik komandira divizii) |
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... Commander Командир бригады кораблей (Komandir brigady korabley) |
||
Regiment A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel... al Commander Командир полка (Komandir polk Polk - People :*Polk, Paiute chief*Albert Fawcett Polk , American lawyer and United States representative from Delaware*Aysia Polk , American actress*Carlos Polk , American football player*Charles Polk, Jr... a) & Assistant of the Brigade Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... Commander Помощник командира бригады (Pomoshchnik komandira brigady) |
Командир корабля 1-го ранга (Komandir korablya 1-go ranga) |
(Старший командный и начальствующий состав) |
|
Regiment A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel... al Commander Помощник командира полка (Pomoshchnik komandira polk Polk - People :*Polk, Paiute chief*Albert Fawcett Polk , American lawyer and United States representative from Delaware*Aysia Polk , American actress*Carlos Polk , American football player*Charles Polk, Jr... a) |
Старший помощник командира корабля 1-го ранга (Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 1-ranga) |
||
Combat (military rank) Combat or Kombat , abbreviated from Командир батальона was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s. At that time it was roughly equivalent to the rank of Captain.... Командир батальона (Komandir bataliona) |
Командир корабля 2-го ранга (Komandir korablya 2-go ranga) |
||
Battalion A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel... Commander Помощник командира батальона (Pomoshchnik komandira bataliona) |
Командир корабля 3-го ранга (Komandir korablya 3-go ranga) & Senior Assistant of Ship Commander 2nd rank Старший помощник командира корабля 2-го ранга (Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 2-ranga) |
(Средний командный и начальствующий состав) |
|
Company Commander A company commander is the commanding officer of a company, a military unit which typically consists of 100 to 350 soldiers, often organized into three or four smaller units called platoons.... Командир роты (Komandir roty) |
Командир корабля 4-го ранга (Komandir korablya 4-go ranga) & Senior Assistant of Ship Commander 3rd rank Старший помощник командира корабля 3-го ранга (Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 3-ranga) |
||
Company Commander A company commander is the commanding officer of a company, a military unit which typically consists of 100 to 350 soldiers, often organized into three or four smaller units called platoons.... Помощник командира роты (Pomoshchnik komandira roty) |
Старший помощник командира корабля 4-го ранга (Starshiy pomoshchnik komandira korablya 4-ranga) |
||
Platoon leader A platoon leader or platoon commander is the officer in command of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer — a second or first lieutenant, or an equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant... Командир взвода (Komandir vzvoda) |
Командир боевой части (Komandir boyevoy chasti) & Assistant of Ship Commander 4th rank Помощник командира корабля 4-го ранга (Pomoshchnik komandira korablya 4-ranga) |
||
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... Старшина (Starshina) |
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... Старшина (Starshina) & Chief Boatswain Boatswain A boatswain , bo's'n, bos'n, or bosun is an unlicensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The boatswain supervises the other unlicensed members of the ship's deck department, and typically is not a watchstander, except on vessels with small crews... /Bootsmann Bootsmann Bootsmann was a highest-ranking Petty Officer position in German naval forces. A lower-ranking Bootsmann was called Bootsmannsmaat. These names were adopted for the Russian Navy as боцман and боцманмат by Peter the Great, among many other Prussian and Holland military ranks; they were initially... Главный боцман (Glavniy botsman) |
(Младший командный и начальствующий состав) |
|
Platoon leader A platoon leader or platoon commander is the officer in command of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer — a second or first lieutenant, or an equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant... Помощник командира взвода (Pomoshchnik komandira vzvoda) |
Boatswain A boatswain , bo's'n, bos'n, or bosun is an unlicensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The boatswain supervises the other unlicensed members of the ship's deck department, and typically is not a watchstander, except on vessels with small crews... /Bootsmann Bootsmann Bootsmann was a highest-ranking Petty Officer position in German naval forces. A lower-ranking Bootsmann was called Bootsmannsmaat. These names were adopted for the Russian Navy as боцман and боцманмат by Peter the Great, among many other Prussian and Holland military ranks; they were initially... Старший боцман (Starshiy botsman) |
||
Squad In military terminology, a squad is a small military unit led by a non-commissioned officer that is subordinate to an infantry platoon. In countries following the British Army tradition this organization is referred to as a section... Commander Командир отделения (Komandir otdeleniya) |
Squad In military terminology, a squad is a small military unit led by a non-commissioned officer that is subordinate to an infantry platoon. In countries following the British Army tradition this organization is referred to as a section... Commander Командир отделения (Komandir otdeleniya) & Boatswain Boatswain A boatswain , bo's'n, bos'n, or bosun is an unlicensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The boatswain supervises the other unlicensed members of the ship's deck department, and typically is not a watchstander, except on vessels with small crews... /Bootsmann Bootsmann Bootsmann was a highest-ranking Petty Officer position in German naval forces. A lower-ranking Bootsmann was called Bootsmannsmaat. These names were adopted for the Russian Navy as боцман and боцманмат by Peter the Great, among many other Prussian and Holland military ranks; they were initially... Боцман (Botsman) |
||
Fireteam A fireteam is a small military unit of infantry. It is the smallest unit in the militaries that use it and is the primary unit upon which infantry organization is based in the British Army, Royal Air Force Regiment, Royal Marines, United States Army, United States Marine Corps, United States Air... Commander Командир звена (Komandir zvena) & Assistant of Squad Squad In military terminology, a squad is a small military unit led by a non-commissioned officer that is subordinate to an infantry platoon. In countries following the British Army tradition this organization is referred to as a section... Commander Помощник командира отделения (Pomoshchnik komandira otdeleniya) |
Командир группы (Komandir gruppy) & Assistant of Squad Squad In military terminology, a squad is a small military unit led by a non-commissioned officer that is subordinate to an infantry platoon. In countries following the British Army tradition this organization is referred to as a section... Commander Помощник командира отделения (Pomoshchnik komandira otdeleniya) |
||
Красноармеец (Krasnoarmeyets) |
Краснофлотец (Krasnoflotets) |
(Рядовой состав) |
1935–1940
Personal ranks were not reintroduced until 1935 but the Marshal of the Soviet UnionMarshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. ....
rank was introduced in 1934, a year earlier.
| Categories | Ranks | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Privates & Commanders | Political staff | Technical staff | Administrative staff | Medical (Vet Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... ) staff |
Juristical staff | |||
| Ground and Air Forces | Naval Forces | Ground and Air Forces | Naval Forces | |||||
(Рядовой и младший командный и начальствующий состав) |
Красноармеец (Krasnoarmeyets) |
Краснофлотец (Krasnoflotets) |
||||||
Отделенный командир (Otdelenniy komandir) |
Отделенный командир (Otdelenniy komandir) |
|||||||
Platoon leader A platoon leader or platoon commander is the officer in command of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer — a second or first lieutenant, or an equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant... Младший комвзвода (Mladshiy komvzvoda) |
||||||||
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... Старшина (Starshina) |
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... Старшина (Starshina) |
|||||||
(Средний командный и начальствующий состав) |
Младший лейтенант (Mladshiy leytenant) |
Младший лейтенант (Mladshiy leytenant) |
Младший воентехник (Mladshiy voentehnik) |
Младший воентехник (Mladshiy voentehnik) |
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Лейтенант (Leytenant) |
Лейтенант (Leytenant) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Младший политрук (Mladshiy politruk) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 2nd rank Воентехник 2 ранга (Voentehnik 2 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 2nd rank Воентехник 2 ранга (Voentehnik 2 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... -Intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 2nd rank Техник-интендант 2 ранга (Tehnik-intendant 2 ranga) |
Feldsher Feldsher is the name of a health care professional who provides various medical services in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, mainly in rural areas... / Military Vet Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Feldscher Военфельдшер/ветвоенфельдшер (Voenfeldsher/vetvoenfeldsher) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Младший военюрист (Mladshiy voenyurist) |
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Старший лейтенант (Starshiy leytenant) |
Старший лейтенант (Starshiy leytenant) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Политрук (Politruk) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 1st rank Воентехник 1 ранга (Voentehnik 1 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 1st rank Воентехник 1 ранга (Voentehnik 1 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... -Intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 1st rank Техник-интендант 1 ранга (Tehnik-intendant 1 ranga) |
Feldsher Feldsher is the name of a health care professional who provides various medical services in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, mainly in rural areas... / Senior Military Vet Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Feldscher Старший военфельдшер / Старший ветвоенфельдшер (Starshiy voenfeldsher/Starshiy vetvoenfeldsher) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Военюрист (Voenyurist) |
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(Старший командный и начальствующий состав) |
Капитан (Kapitan) |
Captain Lieutenant Captain lieutenant or captain-lieutenant is a military rank, used in a number of different navies worldwide.It is generally equivalent to the Commonwealth or US rank of lieutenant, and has the NATO rank code of OF-2, though this can vary.... Капитан-лейтенант (Kapitan-leytenant) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Старший политрук (Starshiy politruk) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 3rd rank Военинженер 3 ранга (Voeninzhener 3 ranga) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 3rd rank Военинженер 3 ранга (Voeninzhener 3 ranga) |
Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 3 rank Интендант 3 ранга (Intendant 3 ranga) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... 3rd rank / Military Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... 3rd rank Военврач 3 ранга / Ветвоенврач 3 ранга (Voenvrach 3 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 3 ranga) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... 3rd rank Военюрист 3 ранга (Voenyurist 3 ranga) |
Майор (Mayor) |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 3rd rank Капитан 3 ранга (Kapitan 3 ranga) |
Battalion A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel... Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Батальонный комиссар (Batalionniy komissar) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 2nd rank Военинженер 2 ранга (Voeninzhener 2 ranga) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 2nd rank Военинженер 2 ранга (Voeninzhener 2 ranga) |
Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 2nd rank Интендант 2 ранга (Intendant 2 ranga) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... 2nd rank / Military Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... 2nd rank Военврач 2 ранга / Ветвоенврач 2 ранга (Voenvrach 2 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 2 ranga) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... 2nd rank Военюрист 2 ранга (Voenyurist 2 ranga) |
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Colonel Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures... Полковник (Polkovnik Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... ) |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 2nd rank Капитан 2 ранга (Kapitan 2 ranga) |
Regiment A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel... al Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Полковой комиссар (Polkovoy komissar) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 1st rank Военинженер 1 ранга (Voeninzhener 1 ranga) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 1st rank Военинженер 1 ранга (Voeninzhener 1 ranga) |
Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 1st rank Интендант 1 ранга (Intendant 1 ranga) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... 1st rank / Military Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... 1st rank Военврач 1 ранга / Ветвоенврач 1 ранга (Voenvrach 1 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 1 ranga) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... 1st rank Военюрист 1 ранга (Voenyurist 1 ranga) |
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(Высший командный и начальствующий состав) |
Combrig Combrig was a military rank used in the Red Army for commanders of brigades between 1935 and 1940 . Kombrigs were senior to polkovniks and junior to comdivs... Комбриг (Kombrig) |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 1st rank Капитан 1 ранга (Kapitan 1 ranga) |
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Бригадный комиссар (Brigadniy komissar) |
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... Бригинженер (Briginzhener) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... -Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 3rd rank Инженер-флагман 3 ранга (Inzhener-flagman 3 ranga) |
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... Бригинтендант (Brigintendant) |
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... Medic Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... / Brigade Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Бригврач/Ветбригврач (Brigvrach/Vetbrigvrach) |
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment... Military Jurist Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Бригвоенюрист (Brigvoenyurist) |
Comdiv Comdiv or Komdiv , abbreviated from команди́р диви́зии was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s.... Комдив (Komdiv) |
Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 2nd rank Флагман 2 ранга (Flagman 2 ranga) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Дивизионный комиссар (Divizionniy komissar) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... Дивинженер (Divinzhener) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... -Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 2nd rank Инженер-флагман 2 ранга (Inzhener-flagman 2 ranga) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... Дивинтендант (Divintendant) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Medic Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... / Division Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Дивврач/Ветдивврач (Divvrach/Vetdivvrach) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Military Jurist Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Диввоенюрист (Divvoenyurist) |
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Comcor Comcor was a military rank in the Red Army until the end of the 1930s.... Комкор (Komkor) |
Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 1st rank Флагман 1 ранга (Flagman 1 ranga) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Корпусной комиссар (Korpusnoy komissar) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... Коринженер (Korinzhener) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... -Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 1st rank Инженер-флагман 1 ранга (Inzhener-flagman 1 ranga) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... Коринтендант (Korintendant) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Medic Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... / Corps Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Корврач/Веткорврач (Korvrach/Vetkorvrach) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Military Jurist Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Корвоенюрист (Korvoenyurist) |
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Командарм 2 ранга (Komandarm 2 ranga) |
Naval fleet A fleet, or naval fleet, is a large formation of warships, and the largest formation in any navy. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land.... Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 2nd rank Флагман флота 2 ранга (Flagman flota 2 ranga) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Армейский комиссар 2 ранга (Armeyskiy komissar 2 ranga) |
Army An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps... engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... Арминженер (Arminzhener) |
Naval fleet A fleet, or naval fleet, is a large formation of warships, and the largest formation in any navy. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land.... Engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... -Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... Инженер-флагман флота (Inzhener-flagman flota) |
Army An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps... intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... Арминтендант (Armintendant) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... / Army Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Армврач/Ветармврач (Armvrach/Vetarmvrach) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Армвоенюрист (Armvoenyurist) |
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Командарм 1 ранга (Komandarm 1 ranga) |
Naval fleet A fleet, or naval fleet, is a large formation of warships, and the largest formation in any navy. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land.... Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 1st rank Флагман флота 1 ранга (Flagman flota 1 ranga) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Армейский комиссар 1 ранга (Armeyskiy komissar 1 ranga) |
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Marshal of the Soviet Union Marshal of the Soviet Union was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. .... Маршал Советского Союза (Marshal Sovietskovo Soyuza) |
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Ranks of Junior Lieutenant and Junior Military Technician were introduced in 1937. Also restored were most of the military officer ranks in the Army and Navy, except for the General officer ranks and the Admiral officer ranks, with the naval rank of 3rd class Captain being the new officer rank introduced.
1940–1943
General ranks were restored in May 1940. The new ranks were based on the military ranks of the Russian Empire, although they underwent some modifications; modified Imperial rank insigniaInsignia
Insignia or insigne pl -nia or -nias : a symbol or token of personal power, status or office, or of an official body of government or jurisdiction...
were reintroduced in 1943. The new ranks also abolished the specialist ranks for the other arms and services, and they were replaced by the new ranks with the service name attached.
| Categories | Ranks | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Privates & Commanders | Political staff | Technical staff | Administrative staff | Medical (Vet Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... ) staff |
Juristical staff | |||
| Ground and Air Forces | Naval Forces | Ground and Air Forces | Naval Forces | |||||
(Рядовой состав) |
Красноармеец (Krasnoarmeyets) |
Краснофлотец (Krasnoflotets) |
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Ефрейтор (Yefreytor) |
Старший краснофлотец (Starshiy krasnoflotets) |
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(Младший командный и начальствующий состав) |
Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... Младший сержант (Mladshiy serzhant) |
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... 2nd rank Старшина 2 статьи (Starshina 2 stat'i) |
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Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... Сержант (Serzhant) |
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... 1st rank Старшина 1 статьи (Starshina 1 stat'i) |
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Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... Старший сержант (Starshiy serzhant) |
Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... Главный старшина (Glavniy starshina) |
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Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... Старшина (Starshina) |
Midshipman A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya... Мичман (Michman) |
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(Средний командный и начальствующий состав) |
Младший лейтенант (Mladshiy leytenant) |
Младший лейтенант (Mladshiy leytenant) |
Младший воентехник (Mladshiy voentehnik) |
Младший воентехник (Mladshiy voentehnik) |
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Лейтенант (Leytenant) |
Лейтенант (Leytenant) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Младший политрук (Mladshiy politruk) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 2nd rank Воентехник 2 ранга (Voentehnik 2 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 2nd rank Воентехник 2 ранга (Voentehnik 2 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... -Intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 2nd rank Техник-интендант 2 ранга (Tehnik-intendant 2 ranga) |
Feldsher Feldsher is the name of a health care professional who provides various medical services in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, mainly in rural areas... / Military Vet Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Feldscher Военфельдшер/ветвоенфельдшер (Voenfeldsher/vetvoenfeldsher) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Младший военюрист (Mladshiy voenyurist) |
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Старший лейтенант (Starshiy leytenant) |
Старший лейтенант (Starshiy leytenant) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Политрук (Politruk) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 1st rank Воентехник 1 ранга (Voentehnik 1 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... 1st rank Воентехник 1 ранга (Voentehnik 1 ranga) |
Technician A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert... -Intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 1st rank Техник-интендант 1 ранга (Tehnik-intendant 1 ranga) |
Feldsher Feldsher is the name of a health care professional who provides various medical services in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, mainly in rural areas... / Senior Military Vet Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Feldscher Старший военфельдшер / Старший ветвоенфельдшер (Starshiy voenfeldsher/Starshiy vetvoenfeldsher) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Военюрист (Voenyurist) |
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(Старший командный и начальствующий состав) |
Капитан (Kapitan) |
Captain Lieutenant Captain lieutenant or captain-lieutenant is a military rank, used in a number of different navies worldwide.It is generally equivalent to the Commonwealth or US rank of lieutenant, and has the NATO rank code of OF-2, though this can vary.... Капитан-лейтенант (Kapitan-leytenant) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Старший политрук (Starshiy politruk) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 3rd rank Военинженер 3 ранга (Voeninzhener 3 ranga) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 3rd rank Военинженер 3 ранга (Voeninzhener 3 ranga) |
Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 3rd rank Интендант 3 ранга (Intendant 3 ranga) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... 3rd rank / Military Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... 3 rank Военврач 3 ранга / Ветвоенврач 3 ранга (Voenvrach 3 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 3 ranga) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... 3rd rank Военюрист 3 ранга (Voenyurist 3 ranga) |
Майор (Mayor) |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 3rd rank Капитан 3 ранга (Kapitan 3 ranga) |
Battalion A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel... Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Батальонный комиссар (Batalionniy komissar) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 2nd rank Военинженер 2 ранга (Voeninzhener 2 ranga) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 2nd rank Военинженер 2 ранга (Voeninzhener 2 ranga) |
Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 2 rank Интендант 2 ранга (Intendant 2 ranga) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... 2nd rank / Military Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... 2 rank Военврач 2 ранга / Ветвоенврач 2 ранга (Voenvrach 2 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 2 ranga) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... 2nd rank Военюрист 2 ранга (Voenyurist 2 ranga) |
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Lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence... Подполковник (Podpolkovnik Podpolkovnik Podpolkovnik is a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a lieutenant colonel in English-speaking states. Usually this word is translated as lieutenant colonel, however the transliteration is also in common usage, for the sake of the historical context.The exact name of this rank... ) |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 2nd rank Капитан 2 ранга (Kapitan 2 ranga) |
Battalion A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel... Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Старший батальонный комиссар (Starshiy batalionniy komissar) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 1st rank Военинженер 1 ранга (Voeninzhener 1 ranga) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... 1st rank Военинженер 1 ранга (Voeninzhener 1 ranga) |
Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... 1 rank Интендант 1 ранга (Intendant 1 ranga) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... 1st rank / Military Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... 1 rank Военврач 1 ранга / Ветвоенврач 1 ранга (Voenvrach 1 ranga / Vetvoenvrach 1 ranga) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... 1st rank Военюрист 1 ранга (Voenyurist 1 ranga) |
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Colonel Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures... Полковник (Polkovnik Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... ) |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 1st rank Капитан 1 ранга (Kapitan 1 ranga) |
Regiment A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel... al Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Полковой комиссар (Polkovoy komissar) |
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(Высший командный и начальствующий состав) |
Major General Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general... Генерал-майор (General-mayor) |
Контр-адмирал (Kontr-admiral) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Дивизионный комиссар (Divizionniy komissar) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... Дивинженер (Divinzhener) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... -Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 2nd rank Инженер-флагман 2 ранга (Inzhener-flagman 2 ranga) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... Дивинтендант (Divintendant) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Medic Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... / Division Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Дивврач/Ветдивврач (Divvrach/Vetdivvrach) |
Division (military) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps... al Military Jurist Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Диввоенюрист (Divvoenyurist) |
Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... Генерал-лейтенант (General-leytenant) |
Вице-адмирал (Vitse-admiral) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Commissar Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... Корпусной комиссар (Korpusnoy komissar) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... Коринженер (Korinzhener) |
Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... -Flag officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... 1st rank Инженер-флагман 1 ранга (Inzhener-flagman 1 ranga) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... Коринтендант (Korintendant) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Medic Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... / Corps Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Корврач/Веткорврач (Korvrach/Vetkorvrach) |
Corps A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service... Military Jurist Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Корвоенюрист (Korvoenyurist) |
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Colonel General Colonel General is a senior rank of General. North Korea and Russia are two countries which have used the rank extensively throughout their histories... Генерал-полковник (General-polkovnik) |
Admiral Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"... Адмирал (Admiral) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... 2nd rank Армейский комиссар 2 ранга (Armeyskiy komissar 2 ranga) |
Army An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps... engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... Арминженер (Arminzhener) |
Naval fleet A fleet, or naval fleet, is a large formation of warships, and the largest formation in any navy. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land.... Engineer Military engineer In military science, engineering refers to the practice of designing, building, maintaining and dismantling military works, including offensive, defensive and logistical structures, to shape the physical operating environment in war... -Flag Officer Flag Officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark where the officer exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in an English-speaking nation's navy, specifically those who hold any of the admiral ranks; in... Инженер-флагман флота (Inzhener-flagman flota) |
Army An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps... intendant Intendant The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office... Арминтендант (Armintendant) |
Medic Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency... / Army Veterinarian Veterinarian A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals.... Армврач/Ветармврач (Armvrach/Vetarmvrach) |
Jurist A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage... Армвоенюрист (Armvoenyurist) |
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Генерал армии (General armii) |
Political commissar The political commissar is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education and organisation, and loyalty to the government of the military... 1st rank Армейский комиссар 1 ранга (Armeyskiy komissar 1 ranga) |
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Marshal of the Soviet Union Marshal of the Soviet Union was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. .... Маршал Советского Союза (Marshal Sovietskovo Soyuza) |
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Ranks "Lieutenant Colonel" and "Senior Battalion Commissar" were introduced in 1940. By then the Army rank of Corporal and the Naval rank of Midshipman were revived, and the old rank of Junior Sergeant reinstated into its modern form (the rank is from the Estonian Army but has a Russian origin in the Imperial Russian Army).
In 1942, the political commissars' service in the Red Army was finally disbanded for good, and its ranks dissolved.
1943–1991
In 1943, all ranks became standardized throughout the Soviet Armed Forces, with the full inclusion of Air/Arm/Branch Marshal and Air/Arm/Branch Chief Marshal ranks. All specialist ranks remaining were replaced by the 1940 standard ranks with the service name attached to them, and Private and Seaman became the basic enlisted ranks. The new Imperial Russian Armed Forces-style shoulder rank insignia also debuted.From 1943 to 1961, naval ranks were adjusted to match the naval ranks of other countries. The rank of Admiral of the Fleet
Admiral of the Fleet
An admiral of the fleet is a military naval officer of the highest rank. In many nations the rank is reserved for wartime or ceremonial appointments...
was introduced during the Great Patriotic War, and was the equivalent rank to Marshal of the Soviet Union that in 1955, it was renamed Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union
An Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union was the highest naval rank of the Soviet Union.The rank was largely honorary and could be considered equivalent to Admiral of the Navy in other nations...
. The rank was soon revived in 1962 as a General of the Army-equivalent rank in compliance to new Soviet Navy regulations for officers.
On June 27, 1945 the rank of Generalissimus Sovietskogo Soyuza (Generalissimus of the Soviet Union) was created and granted to Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
following the tradition of the Russian Imperial Army which granted to the Tsars the military rank in their capacity as Commanders-in-Chief. Formally it existed until 1993 but it was never used after Stalin's death.
In the 1970s, the non-commissioned officers serving under contract and holding Starshina (Master Sergeant
Master Sergeant
A master sergeant is the military rank for a senior non-commissioned officer in some armed forces.-Israel Defense Forces:Rav samal rishoninsignia IDF...
) rank were reassigned to newly-created Praporshchik rank (not to be confused with similarly named Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
rank of commissioned officers); starshina was reserved for conscripts only. In the Soviet Navy, however, as the Midshipman rank was formally elevated to that of a warrant officer, the NCO role of Midshipmen was replaced by the new rank of Ship Chief Master Sergeant as a result of the naval rank change. At the same time all rank insignia became uniform for the Army and Air Force plus the other services, the Navy retained theirs.
Generals of the Army and Admirals soon had their insignia changed in 1974.
The final change was in 1981 when Senior Praporshchik and Senior Midshipman ranks were added in the ranks of warrant officers.
The table of Soviet military ranks can see in Military ranks of the Soviet Union
Military ranks of the Soviet Union
The military ranks of the Soviet Union were those introduced after the October Revolution of 1917. At that time the Imperial Russian Table of Ranks was abolished, as were the privileges of the pre-Soviet Russian nobility....
or in the section below (as they were the same as present military ranks of the Russian Federation).
Russian Federation
The independent Russia inherited the ranks of the Soviet Union, although the insignia and uniformUniform
A uniform is a set of standard clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity. Modern uniforms are worn by armed forces and paramilitary organizations such as police, emergency services, security guards, in some workplaces and schools and by inmates...
s were altered a little. The following is a table of ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the military services of Russia, established after the break-up of the Soviet Union. On 7 May 1992 Boris Yeltsin signed a decree establishing the Russian Ministry of Defence and placing all Soviet Armed Forces troops on the territory of the RSFSR...
.
Russian armed forces have two styles of ranks: deck ranks (navy style ranks) and troop ranks (army and other forces style ranks). The following table of Ranks is based on those of the Russian Federation.
Troop ranks are used by:
- Ground ForcesRussian Ground ForcesThe Russian Ground Forces are the land forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, formed from parts of the collapsing Soviet Army in 1992. The formation of these forces posed economic challenges after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and required reforms to professionalize the force...
- Air ForceRussian Air ForceThe Russian Air Force is the air force of Russian Military. It is currently under the command of Colonel General Aleksandr Zelin. The Russian Navy has its own air arm, the Russian Naval Aviation, which is the former Soviet Aviatsiya Voyenno Morskogo Flota , or AV-MF).The Air Force was formed from...
- Strategic Missile Troops (Independent Corps)
- Airborne TroopsVDVThe Russian Airborne Troops or VDV is a military branch of service of the Russian Military, on par with the Strategic Rocket Forces and the Russian Space Forces...
(Independent Corps) - Military Space Troops (Independent Corps)
- Naval Infantry, Naval Aviation and other various shore services of the navy
- Federal Agency of Special Construction – Under Ministry of Defence
- Internal TroopsInternal TroopsThe Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs ; alternatively translated as "Interior " is a paramilitary gendarmerie-like force in the now-defunct Soviet Union and its successor countries, particularly, in Russia, Ukraine, Georgia and Azerbaijan...
– under Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) - Federal Security Service (FSB), Border Guard service of the FSB
- Federal Protective Service (FSO)Federal Protective Service (Russia)In the Russian Federation, the Federal Protective Service is a federal government agency concerned with the tasks related to the protection of several, mandated by the relevant law, high-ranking state officials, including the President of Russia, as well as certain federal properties...
- Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR)Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)The Russian Foreign Intelligence Service is Russia's primary external intelligence agency. The SVR is the successor of the First Chief Directorate of the KGB since December 1991...
- Chief directorate of special programs of the President
- Civil DefenseCivil defenseCivil defense, civil defence or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state from military attack. It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation, and recovery...
Troops, Military personnel of State Firefighting Service – under Ministry of Civil Defense And Emergency SituationsMinistry of Extraordinary Situations (Russian Federation)The Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters , also known as The Ministry of Emergency Situations , or internationally as EMERCOM , was established on January 10, 1994 by President Boris Yeltsin...
Deck (Navy) ranks are used by:
- Navy (deck personnel)
- Maritime Guard of the Border Service of FSB
The highest troop rank is Marshal of the Russian Federation
Marshal of the Russian Federation
Marshal of the Russian Federation is the highest military rank of Russia, created in 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It ranks immediately above General of the Army and Admiral of the Fleet , and is considered the successor to the Soviet-era rank of Marshal of the Soviet...
.
The highest Navy 'deck' rank is Admiral of the Fleet
Admiral of the Fleet
An admiral of the fleet is a military naval officer of the highest rank. In many nations the rank is reserved for wartime or ceremonial appointments...
. In the Soviet era the rank Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union was equivalent to the rank of Marshal and only three persons were given that rank. Since 1991 this rank is no longer used.
Ranks can have additional descriptors according to assignment or status. For example, the rank of a serviceman of a "Guards" unit, formation or ship may be followed by the word "Guards" ("Gefreitor of Guards"); the rank of a serviceman of the legal, medical or veterinary professions is followed by "of Justice", "of the Medical service", or "of the Veterinary service" ("Captain of the Medical Service"); and the rank of a reserve or retired serviceman is followed by the words “Reserve” or “Retired,” respectively ("Major of Reserve"). The Russian Federation abolished the descriptor "of Aviation" for pilots, however, that descriptor is still in common use.
| Category | Troop Ranks | Deck Ranks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ground Forces Insignia | Rank Name | Air Force Insignia | Shoulder Insignia | Rank Name | Sleeve Insignia | |
General Officers |
Marshal of the Russian Federation Marshal of the Russian Federation is the highest military rank of Russia, created in 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It ranks immediately above General of the Army and Admiral of the Fleet , and is considered the successor to the Soviet-era rank of Marshal of the Soviet... (currently inactive) Ма́ршал Росси́йской Федера́ции |
Marshal of the Russian Federation Marshal of the Russian Federation is the highest military rank of Russia, created in 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It ranks immediately above General of the Army and Admiral of the Fleet , and is considered the successor to the Soviet-era rank of Marshal of the Soviet... Ма́ршал Росси́йской Федера́ции |
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генера́л а́рмии |
Admiral of the Fleet (Russia) Admiral of the Fleet or Fleet Admiral is the highest naval rank of the Russian Federation. It is the equivalent of the Soviet naval rank of Admiral of the Fleet and the present Russian rank of General of the Army.The rank is roughly equivalent to 4-stars Admiral ranks of other nations.There is... адмира́л фло́та |
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Colonel General Colonel General is a senior rank of General. North Korea and Russia are two countries which have used the rank extensively throughout their histories... генера́л-полко́вник |
Admiral Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"... адмира́л |
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Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... генера́л-лейтена́нт |
Vice Admiral Vice admiral is a senior naval rank of a three-star flag officer, which is equivalent to lieutenant general in the other uniformed services. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral... ви́це-адмира́л |
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Major General Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general... генера́л-майо́р |
Counter Admiral Counter admiral is a rank found in many navies of the world, but no longer used in English-speaking countries, where the equivalent rank is rear admiral... (Rear Admiral Rear Admiral Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain, and below that of a vice admiral. It is generally regarded as the lowest of the "admiral" ranks, which are also sometimes referred to as "flag officers" or "flag ranks"... ) ко́нтр-адмира́л |
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Field Grade Officers |
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Polkovnik Polkovnik is often a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states. However, in the Ukraine, polkovnyk was an administrative rank similar to a governor... (Colonel Colonel Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures... ) полко́вник |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 1st rank капита́н 1-го ра́нга |
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Podpolkovnik Podpolkovnik is a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a lieutenant colonel in English-speaking states. Usually this word is translated as lieutenant colonel, however the transliteration is also in common usage, for the sake of the historical context.The exact name of this rank... (Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence... ) подполко́вник |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 2nd rank капита́н 2-го р́анга |
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майо́р |
Captain (naval) Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The NATO rank code is OF-5, equivalent to an army full colonel.... , 3rd rank капита́н 3-го р́анга |
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Company Grade Officers |
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капита́н |
капита́н-лейтена́нт |
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ста́рший лейтена́нт |
ста́рший лейтена́нт |
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лейтена́нт |
лейтена́нт |
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мла́дший лейтена́нт |
мла́дший лейтена́нт |
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Master Non-Commissioned Officers |
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Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... (Warrant Officer Warrant Officer A warrant officer is an officer in a military organization who is designated an officer by a warrant, as distinguished from a commissioned officer who is designated an officer by a commission, or from non-commissioned officer who is designated an officer by virtue of seniority.The rank was first... ) ста́рший пра́порщик |
Midshipman A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya... (Senior Warrant Officer) ста́рший ми́чман |
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Praporshchik Praporshchik is a rank in the Russian military.-Imperial Russia:Praporshchik was originally a name of a junior commissioned officer rank in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign... (Warrant Officer) пра́порщик |
Midshipman A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya... (Warrant Officer) ми́чман |
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Petty Officers |
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Starshina Starshina, or Starshyna , initially was a Cossacks officership, but in Soviet times was used as the top non-commissioned officer.Among Cossacks and in Ukraine, starshina was a collective noun for categories of officership or a military elite: junior starshina , general starshina , military... (Sergeant Major Sergeant Major Sergeants major is a senior non-commissioned rank or appointment in many militaries around the world. In Commonwealth countries, Sergeants Major are usually appointments held by senior non-commissioned officers or warrant officers... ) старшина́ |
Petty Officer A petty officer is a non-commissioned officer in many navies and is given the NATO rank denotion OR-6. They are equal in rank to sergeant, British Army and Royal Air Force. A Petty Officer is superior in rank to Leading Rate and subordinate to Chief Petty Officer, in the case of the British Armed... гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́ |
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Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... ста́рший сержа́нт |
Petty Officer A petty officer is a non-commissioned officer in many navies and is given the NATO rank denotion OR-6. They are equal in rank to sergeant, British Army and Royal Air Force. A Petty Officer is superior in rank to Leading Rate and subordinate to Chief Petty Officer, in the case of the British Armed... гла́вный старшина́ |
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Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... сержа́нт |
Petty Officer A petty officer is a non-commissioned officer in many navies and is given the NATO rank denotion OR-6. They are equal in rank to sergeant, British Army and Royal Air Force. A Petty Officer is superior in rank to Leading Rate and subordinate to Chief Petty Officer, in the case of the British Armed... , 1st class старшина́ 1-й статьи́ |
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Sergeant Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries, police forces, and other uniformed organizations around the world. Its origins are the Latin serviens, "one who serves", through the French term Sergent.... мла́дший сержа́нт |
Petty Officer A petty officer is a non-commissioned officer in many navies and is given the NATO rank denotion OR-6. They are equal in rank to sergeant, British Army and Royal Air Force. A Petty Officer is superior in rank to Leading Rate and subordinate to Chief Petty Officer, in the case of the British Armed... , 2nd class старшина́ 2-й статьи́ |
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Seamen, Airmen |
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ефре́йтор |
Seaman Seaman is one of the lowest ranks in a Navy. In the Commonwealth it is the lowest rank in the Navy, followed by Able Seaman and Leading Seaman, and followed by the Petty Officer ranks.... ) ста́рший матро́с |
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Private (rank) A Private is a soldier of the lowest military rank .In modern military parlance, 'Private' is shortened to 'Pte' in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries and to 'Pvt.' in the United States.Notably both Sir Fitzroy MacLean and Enoch Powell are examples of, rare, rapid career... рядово́й |
Seaman Seaman is one of the lowest ranks in a Navy. In the Commonwealth it is the lowest rank in the Navy, followed by Able Seaman and Leading Seaman, and followed by the Petty Officer ranks.... ) матро́с |
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Note: the descriptor "of Aviation" has been officially abolished but usage is still common within the Air Forces and Naval Aviation.
On March 11, 2010, by virtue of Law No.2010-293 of the President of Russia, a new set of rank insignia debuted. Privates, Airmen and Seamen sport plain shoulder epaulettes and the chevrons removed for the ranks of senior NCOs and are now replaced by plain bars (small horizontal from Corporal/Senior Airman/Leading Seaman to Sergeant/Staff Sergeant/Petty Officer increasing by seniority, large horizontal for Staff Sergeants, Flight Sergeants and Chief Petty Officers, and vertical bars for Starshinas and Ship CPO's).
WO's and Officer ranks received updated shoulder rank epaulettes (and for the Navy, cuff rank insignia) and all General Officer and Flag Officer rank insignia now reflecting service affiliation (the once gold epaulettes were replaced by the army green, air force blue and navy blue epaulettes depending on service). This was also the case for the Marshal of the Russian Federation rank epaulette, which still retained the Coat of arms of Russia
Coat of arms of Russia
The coat of arms of Russia have gone through three major periods in their history, undergoing major changes in the transitions between the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation. They date back to 1472, when Ivan III began using the double-headed eagle in his seal, which,...
and the Marshal's Star
Marshal's Star
The marshal's star is an additional badge of rank worn by marshals of the armed forces of the USSR, and subsequently the Russian Federation. The armed forces of the former USSR and the Russian Federation have two such insignia for higher military ranks, both in the form of a five-pointed star of...
. But this change is now evident in the battle dress and duty uniforms only, in the new 2008 dress uniforms the change is evident in the enlisted and NCO epaulettes, but in the epaulettes of all warrant officers and officers the gold and black epaulettes stayed as is in the dress uniforms.
See also
- Comparative military ranksComparative military ranksThis article is a list of various states' armed forces ranking designations. Comparisons are made between the different systems used by nations to categorize the hierarchy of an armed force compared to another. Several of these lists mention NATO reference codes. These are the NATO rank reference...
- Military ranks of the Soviet UnionMilitary ranks of the Soviet UnionThe military ranks of the Soviet Union were those introduced after the October Revolution of 1917. At that time the Imperial Russian Table of Ranks was abolished, as were the privileges of the pre-Soviet Russian nobility....
- Military Ranks, Special Ranks and Class Rates in RussiaMilitary Ranks, Special Ranks and Class Rates in Russia- Military Ranks :* Deck Ranks are used by:** Ministry of Defense*** Navy — Deck personnel only** Federal Security Service *** Maritime Guard of the Border Troops of FSB* Troop ranks are used by:** Ministry of Defense*** Air Force...
- Russian military
- RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
External links
- Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)
- Federal Security Service (FSB)
- Border Guard service of the FSB.
- Ministry of Civil Defense And Emergency Situations.
- Federal Law No. 58-FZ from March 12, 1998 "On military duty and military service" (in Russian)
- Presidential Decree No. 531 from May 8, 2005 "On military uniform, rank insignia of the servicemen and state bodies' rank insignia" (in Russian)
- Анатомия армии