Hoenheim
Encyclopedia
Hoenheim is a commune
in the Bas-Rhin
department in Alsace
in north-eastern France
.
("Of gold, three sand crows posed two and one".)
The three black crows come from the legend of the monk Benedict of Nursia
, father of the monastic rule of the Benedictine
s. Saint Benedict lived withdrawn in a cave and shared his food with a crow, which came each day to visit him. A jealous priest sent poisoned bread to him. He gave it to the crow while saying to him to throw it in a place inaccessible to men.
The crow was then symbol of obligingness, intelligence and fidelity.
. The neighbors communes of Hoenheim are (North to South): Souffelweyersheim
, Reichstett
(canton of Mundolsheim
), an enclave of Bischheim
, an enclave of Schiltigheim
(canton of Schiltigheim).
Hoenheim is located on the river Ill
and the Rhine-Marne canal.
The historic center is on a ridge and overlooking the "Ried" (Zone of easily flooded meadows) of Ill
. This historical center gave the name to Hoenheim, the first mentions indicate the spelling Hohenheim, in other words residence on the hill.
age.
The first mention of the name Hoenheim goes back to the year 742
.
At the end of the 9th century, the village of Hoenheim was the property of the Benedictine
monastery of Honau, created by the nephews of Saint Odile.
Under the Holy Roman Empire
, Hoenheim became the property of the diocese of Strasbourg, which alloted its land to knights or religious communities. Around the mid-14th century, the diocese made a gift of the Fief of Hoenheim to knights.
1350 sees the first written mention of the Chapel of John the Baptist
.
During the Hundred Years' War
, Hoenheim, like many villages, had to undergo the passage of the "Écorcheurs
" who tried, without success, to take Strasbourg
.
While passing through the hands of various noble families, the Fief finally returned to the Uttenheim of Ramstein family in 1457.
In 16th century, the lords of Uttenheim, dismayed by the escapades of the clergy of this time, joined the Reformation
and with them the inhabitants of Hoenheim.
At the time of the Thirty Years' War
, Hoenheim, like Bischheim
, was a victim of the exactions of the two sides. In 1649, at the time of the treaty of Westphalia
, putting an end to the war, Alsace
returned to France and subsequent Catholicism
.
In 1676 the last lord of Uttenheim died without an heir. The quarrel of succession ended in 1681 with the victory of the family Rathamhausen of Stein over the canons of the great chapter of Strasbourg.
In 1689, the elder branch of Rathamhausen dies out and the Fief of Hoenheim returns to the great chapter of Strasbourg.
On May 21, 1691, the bishop of Strasbourg gave the Fief to the knight-lord of Chamlay
, maréchal général des logis des camps et des armées de France.
In 1719 the marshal of Chamlay died without leaving an heir. The bishop of Strasbourg, Cardinal of Rohan (Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan
), gave the Fief to the Klinglin family which had the full confidence of the royal and local authorities.
After the French Revolution
, Hoenheim was attached to the new district of Strasbourg
(March 4, 1790) during the formation of the Departments. In the same year, at the suggestion of Schiltigheim
, the "Ried" (Zone of easily flooded meadows), previously public pasture common to Souffelweyersheim
, Hoenheim, Bischheim
, Adelsoffen and Schiltigheim
was divided. This division led, amongst other things, to the creation of the enclave of Bischheim
and the enclave of Schiltigheim
in the centre of Hoenheim's territory.
October 2, 1791, all the goods of the Klinglin family and of the church were confiscated and sold to the inhabitants.
In 1792, the Émigré
, joined forces with the Austro-Prussians begin the hostilities to regain the power in France. From October to December 1793, engagements between the troops of the French Republic and the Austro-Prussians took place around the Hoenheim - Griesheim-on-Souffel - Dingsheim
line, until the Austro-Prussians troops were pushed back out of Alsace
by January 1794.
In 1793, the commune of Hoenheim was attached to the canton of Hausbergen.
February 17, 1800, Hoenheim was attached to the new district of Strasbourg
.
In 1813, Napoleon
's Russian campaign
finished in catastrophe. He managed, with difficulty, to return to France, but the troops of the Coalition were behind him. In January 1814, the French troops were kept in Strasbourg
by the attacks of the Cossacks who settled in Hoenheim, Bischheim
and Schiltigheim
. Following Napoleon's return and defeat at the Battle of Waterloo
, the General Jean Rapp
, having wind of intentions to annex Alsace
and under the orders of Louis XVIII continued to fight on the Souffel, just north of Hoenheim. The battle of Souffelweyersheim-Hoenheim took place on June 28 and 29, 1815. With the victory of Coalition troops, Strasbourg
was taken on July 9.
In 1852 two new transportation routes passed by the territory of Hoenheim (but away from the village). The first is the Marne–Rhine Canal which connects Vitry-le-François
to Strasbourg
. The second is the Paris
-Strasbourg
railway line.
The Franco-Prussian War
from 1870-1871 began on July 19, 1870. On August 7, the day after the battle of Froeschwiller-Woerth, the German troops arrived in Hoenheim. The troops settled in Reichstett
, a few kilometres north of Hoenheim, and began the siege of Strasbourg
on August 12. With the treaty of Frankfurt
in May 1871, France was required to give up the three departments of the Alsace-Moselle
.
Between 1871 and 1919, Hoenheim is attached to the "Kreises Strassburg (Land)".
Railway workshops opened in 1875 in Bischheim
on a 30 ha, with 10 ha located in Hoenheim. These workshops were located on the new railway line connecting Strasbourg
to Lauterbourg
.
October 14, 1878, inauguration of the Tramway Place Kléber (Strasbourg
) - Hoenheim.
June 19, 1879, the first holder of the Catholic parish of Hoenheim was named in the new church of Hoenheim. Previously Hoenheim depended from the parish of Bischheim
, which church was used by the Protestant of Bischheim
too.
Inauguration of the marshalling yard of Hausbergen in 1906. It covers the territory of several communes, one of which was Hoenheim.
In 1907, the priest of Hoenheim, Dionysius Will, is elected on the Reichstag
under the label of Progressivist but with the support of the Socialists.
The First World War
, fought away from the Rhineland area did not cause any physical damage to Hoenheim, but resulted in the death of many men. The 'lost departments' of Alsace-Moselle
were given back to the France by the Treaty of Versailles
in 1919.
June 28, 1919 the canton of Bischheim
- Hoenheim is attached to the new district of Strasbourg
-Countryside.
September 2, 1939, the inhabitants of the communes in front of the Maginot line
are evacuated. The inhabitants of Hoenheim, Bischheim
and Schiltigheim
are moved to the Bruche valley to join the evacuee centre of Niederhaslach
. Only the town hall secretary and some firemen remain in the town. On September 9 a second journey awaits the evacuated inhabitants, this time the destination is to the South of France. The inhabitants of Hoenheim are divided in 5 communes of Haute-Vienne
which they will leave only in August 1940 to return to Alsace
, annexed by the Germans. Under the Nazi
occupation, Hoenheim is administratively attached to te “Gross Strasburg”. May 27, August 11 and September 25, 1944, the bombardment of Strasbourg
and its suburbs by the Allies
: Junkers factories in Meinau, railway workshops of Bischheim
and marshalling yard of Hausbergen are all attacked. November 23 Strasbourg
is released by the 2nd French Armoured Division of General Leclerc
, who assigns the local FFI
to liberate the suburbs. Yet Hoenheim and its neighbourhoods remained under the fire of the German batteries until April 1945.
The last Tram ran to Hoenheim on May 1, 1960, leaving only the bus as a public transport link with Strasbourg
.
In 1966, Hoenheim was integrated into the newly-created Urban Community of Strasbourg
.
In 1969, the collapse of the frontage of the Chapel of John the Baptist
obliged the Protestant parish to seek a new building.
1970 saw the completion of the construction of the motorway A34 Metz
- Strasbourg
, later taken over by A4 connecting Paris
to Strasbourg
, alongside the marshalling yard of Hausbergen.
In 1978, the Protestant parish of Hoenheim inaugurated its church. The Protestant parish left the renovated Chapel of John the Baptist
to the use of the Romanian Orthodox
parish.
With the new public transport policy, a new tram line was built by the Urban Community of Strasbourg
during the 1990s, with the B tram line linking Hoenheim and Strasbourg
completed in 2001. The terminus of the B-Line in Hoenheim links the B tram line with the Strasbourg-Lauterbourg railway line.
A three floors square tower, shelters the heart directed according to the habit towards the East. Unfortunately the collapse of the frontage in 1969 needed a whole rebuilding of the building.
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin is a department of France. The name means "Lower Rhine". It is the more populous and densely populated of the two departments of the Alsace region, with 1,079,013 inhabitants in 2006.- History :...
department in Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
in north-eastern France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
Heraldry
"D'or aux trois corbeaux de sable posés deux et un".("Of gold, three sand crows posed two and one".)
The three black crows come from the legend of the monk Benedict of Nursia
Benedict of Nursia
Saint Benedict of Nursia is a Christian saint, honored by the Roman Catholic Church as the patron saint of Europe and students.Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at Subiaco, about to the east of Rome, before moving to Monte Cassino in the mountains of southern Italy. There is no...
, father of the monastic rule of the Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
s. Saint Benedict lived withdrawn in a cave and shared his food with a crow, which came each day to visit him. A jealous priest sent poisoned bread to him. He gave it to the crow while saying to him to throw it in a place inaccessible to men.
The crow was then symbol of obligingness, intelligence and fidelity.
Geography
Hoenheim lies 5 km (3.1 mi) north of StrasbourgStrasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
. The neighbors communes of Hoenheim are (North to South): Souffelweyersheim
Souffelweyersheim
Souffelweyersheim a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France, and is part of metropolitan Strasbourg.-Etymology:Souffelweyersheim means: the village on the pond of Souffel...
, Reichstett
Reichstett
Reichstett is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.Fort Rapp is located here.-References:*...
(canton of Mundolsheim
Mundolsheim
Mundolsheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
), an enclave of Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
, an enclave of Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are called Schilikois in French and Scheligemer in Alsatian....
(canton of Schiltigheim).
Hoenheim is located on the river Ill
Ill
Ill may refer to:* Suffering from an illness* Ill , a river in western Austria* Ill , a river in north-eastern France* Illinois, often abbreviated Ill.ILL may stand for:...
and the Rhine-Marne canal.
The historic center is on a ridge and overlooking the "Ried" (Zone of easily flooded meadows) of Ill
Ill
Ill may refer to:* Suffering from an illness* Ill , a river in western Austria* Ill , a river in north-eastern France* Illinois, often abbreviated Ill.ILL may stand for:...
. This historical center gave the name to Hoenheim, the first mentions indicate the spelling Hohenheim, in other words residence on the hill.
History
Vestiges and reports raised on the ground attest the existence of a small group of dwellings near Hoenheim from the NeolithicNeolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
age.
The first mention of the name Hoenheim goes back to the year 742
742
Year 742 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 742 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Asia :* Chinese poet Li Po is presented before the...
.
At the end of the 9th century, the village of Hoenheim was the property of the Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
monastery of Honau, created by the nephews of Saint Odile.
Under the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
, Hoenheim became the property of the diocese of Strasbourg, which alloted its land to knights or religious communities. Around the mid-14th century, the diocese made a gift of the Fief of Hoenheim to knights.
1350 sees the first written mention of the Chapel of John the Baptist
John the Baptist
John the Baptist was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure mentioned in the Canonical gospels. He is described in the Gospel of Luke as a relative of Jesus, who led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River...
.
During the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings...
, Hoenheim, like many villages, had to undergo the passage of the "Écorcheurs
Ecorcheurs
The écorcheurs were armed bands who desolated France in the reign of Charles VII, stripping their victims of everything, often to their very clothes....
" who tried, without success, to take Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
.
While passing through the hands of various noble families, the Fief finally returned to the Uttenheim of Ramstein family in 1457.
In 16th century, the lords of Uttenheim, dismayed by the escapades of the clergy of this time, joined the Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
and with them the inhabitants of Hoenheim.
At the time of the Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
, Hoenheim, like Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
, was a victim of the exactions of the two sides. In 1649, at the time of the treaty of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October of 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the...
, putting an end to the war, Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
returned to France and subsequent Catholicism
Catholicism
Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its theologies and doctrines, its liturgical, ethical, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
.
In 1676 the last lord of Uttenheim died without an heir. The quarrel of succession ended in 1681 with the victory of the family Rathamhausen of Stein over the canons of the great chapter of Strasbourg.
In 1689, the elder branch of Rathamhausen dies out and the Fief of Hoenheim returns to the great chapter of Strasbourg.
On May 21, 1691, the bishop of Strasbourg gave the Fief to the knight-lord of Chamlay
Jules Louis Bolé, marquis de Chamlay
Jules-Louis Bolé de Chamlay was a French military and diplomat.He was born in a noble family, his father was procureur of the Paris Parlement....
, maréchal général des logis des camps et des armées de France.
In 1719 the marshal of Chamlay died without leaving an heir. The bishop of Strasbourg, Cardinal of Rohan (Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan
Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan
Armand de Rohan was a French churchman and politician. He became bishop of Strasbourg in 1704, Cardinal in 1712 then grand almoner of France in 1713 and member of the regency council in 1722....
), gave the Fief to the Klinglin family which had the full confidence of the royal and local authorities.
After the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
, Hoenheim was attached to the new district of Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
(March 4, 1790) during the formation of the Departments. In the same year, at the suggestion of Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are called Schilikois in French and Scheligemer in Alsatian....
, the "Ried" (Zone of easily flooded meadows), previously public pasture common to Souffelweyersheim
Souffelweyersheim
Souffelweyersheim a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France, and is part of metropolitan Strasbourg.-Etymology:Souffelweyersheim means: the village on the pond of Souffel...
, Hoenheim, Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
, Adelsoffen and Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are called Schilikois in French and Scheligemer in Alsatian....
was divided. This division led, amongst other things, to the creation of the enclave of Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
and the enclave of Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are called Schilikois in French and Scheligemer in Alsatian....
in the centre of Hoenheim's territory.
October 2, 1791, all the goods of the Klinglin family and of the church were confiscated and sold to the inhabitants.
In 1792, the Émigré
Émigré
Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out", but often carries a connotation of politico-social self-exile....
, joined forces with the Austro-Prussians begin the hostilities to regain the power in France. From October to December 1793, engagements between the troops of the French Republic and the Austro-Prussians took place around the Hoenheim - Griesheim-on-Souffel - Dingsheim
Dingsheim
Dingsheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-See also:*Communes of the Bas-Rhin department*Community of Communes of the Kochersberg*Kochersberg-References:*...
line, until the Austro-Prussians troops were pushed back out of Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
by January 1794.
In 1793, the commune of Hoenheim was attached to the canton of Hausbergen.
February 17, 1800, Hoenheim was attached to the new district of Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
.
In 1813, Napoleon
Napoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
's Russian campaign
French invasion of Russia
The French invasion of Russia of 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. It reduced the French and allied invasion forces to a tiny fraction of their initial strength and triggered a major shift in European politics as it dramatically weakened French hegemony in Europe...
finished in catastrophe. He managed, with difficulty, to return to France, but the troops of the Coalition were behind him. In January 1814, the French troops were kept in Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
by the attacks of the Cossacks who settled in Hoenheim, Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
and Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are called Schilikois in French and Scheligemer in Alsatian....
. Following Napoleon's return and defeat at the Battle of Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
, the General Jean Rapp
Jean Rapp
Jean Rapp was a French Army general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.Rapp was born the son of the janitor of the town-hall of Colmar. He began theological studies to became a clergy man, but with his build and heated character, he was better suited to the military,...
, having wind of intentions to annex Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
and under the orders of Louis XVIII continued to fight on the Souffel, just north of Hoenheim. The battle of Souffelweyersheim-Hoenheim took place on June 28 and 29, 1815. With the victory of Coalition troops, Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
was taken on July 9.
In 1852 two new transportation routes passed by the territory of Hoenheim (but away from the village). The first is the Marne–Rhine Canal which connects Vitry-le-François
Vitry-le-François
Vitry-le-François is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France. It is located on the Marne River and is the western terminus of the Marne-Rhine Canal.- History :In 1142, Louis VII invaded Champagne and seized Vitry-le-François...
to Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
. The second is the Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
-Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
railway line.
The Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
from 1870-1871 began on July 19, 1870. On August 7, the day after the battle of Froeschwiller-Woerth, the German troops arrived in Hoenheim. The troops settled in Reichstett
Reichstett
Reichstett is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.Fort Rapp is located here.-References:*...
, a few kilometres north of Hoenheim, and began the siege of Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
on August 12. With the treaty of Frankfurt
Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)
The Treaty of Frankfurt was a peace treaty signed in Frankfurt on 10 May 1871, at the end of the Franco-Prussian War.- Summary :The treaty did the following:...
in May 1871, France was required to give up the three departments of the Alsace-Moselle
Alsace-Lorraine
The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after it annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle region of Lorraine following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. The Alsatian part lay in the Rhine Valley on the west bank of the Rhine River and east...
.
Between 1871 and 1919, Hoenheim is attached to the "Kreises Strassburg (Land)".
Railway workshops opened in 1875 in Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
on a 30 ha, with 10 ha located in Hoenheim. These workshops were located on the new railway line connecting Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
to Lauterbourg
Lauterbourg
Lauterbourg is a commune and Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. Situated on the German border and not far from the German city of Karlsruhe, it is the easternmost commune in Metropolitan France...
.
October 14, 1878, inauguration of the Tramway Place Kléber (Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
) - Hoenheim.
June 19, 1879, the first holder of the Catholic parish of Hoenheim was named in the new church of Hoenheim. Previously Hoenheim depended from the parish of Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
, which church was used by the Protestant of Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
too.
Inauguration of the marshalling yard of Hausbergen in 1906. It covers the territory of several communes, one of which was Hoenheim.
In 1907, the priest of Hoenheim, Dionysius Will, is elected on the Reichstag
Reichstag (German Empire)
The Reichstag was the parliament of the North German Confederation , and of the German Reich ....
under the label of Progressivist but with the support of the Socialists.
The First World War
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, fought away from the Rhineland area did not cause any physical damage to Hoenheim, but resulted in the death of many men. The 'lost departments' of Alsace-Moselle
Alsace-Lorraine
The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after it annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle region of Lorraine following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. The Alsatian part lay in the Rhine Valley on the west bank of the Rhine River and east...
were given back to the France by the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of...
in 1919.
June 28, 1919 the canton of Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
- Hoenheim is attached to the new district of Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
-Countryside.
September 2, 1939, the inhabitants of the communes in front of the Maginot line
Maginot Line
The Maginot Line , named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defences, which France constructed along its borders with Germany and Italy, in light of its experience in World War I,...
are evacuated. The inhabitants of Hoenheim, Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
and Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim
Schiltigheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are called Schilikois in French and Scheligemer in Alsatian....
are moved to the Bruche valley to join the evacuee centre of Niederhaslach
Niederhaslach
Niederhaslach is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is noteworthy for its Gothic church.-References:*...
. Only the town hall secretary and some firemen remain in the town. On September 9 a second journey awaits the evacuated inhabitants, this time the destination is to the South of France. The inhabitants of Hoenheim are divided in 5 communes of Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne is a French department named after the Vienne River. It is one of three departments that together constitute the French region of Limousin.The chief and largest city is Limoges...
which they will leave only in August 1940 to return to Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
, annexed by the Germans. Under the Nazi
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
occupation, Hoenheim is administratively attached to te “Gross Strasburg”. May 27, August 11 and September 25, 1944, the bombardment of Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
and its suburbs by the Allies
Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War . Former Axis states contributing to the Allied victory are not considered Allied states...
: Junkers factories in Meinau, railway workshops of Bischheim
Bischheim, Bas-Rhin
Bischheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:The town is bordered by Hoenheim, Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, and Niederhausbergen. It lies on the Ill and the canal between the Rhine and the Rhône....
and marshalling yard of Hausbergen are all attacked. November 23 Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
is released by the 2nd French Armoured Division of General Leclerc
Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque
Philippe François Marie, comte de Hauteclocque, then Leclerc de Hauteclocque, by a 1945 decree that incorporated his French Resistance alias Jacques-Philippe Leclerc to his name, , was a French general during World War II...
, who assigns the local FFI
French Forces of the Interior
The French Forces of the Interior refers to French resistance fighters in the later stages of World War II. Charles de Gaulle used it as a formal name for the resistance fighters. The change in designation of these groups to FFI occurred as France's status changed from that of an occupied nation...
to liberate the suburbs. Yet Hoenheim and its neighbourhoods remained under the fire of the German batteries until April 1945.
The last Tram ran to Hoenheim on May 1, 1960, leaving only the bus as a public transport link with Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
.
In 1966, Hoenheim was integrated into the newly-created Urban Community of Strasbourg
Urban Community of Strasbourg
The Urban Community of Strasbourg , also known by its French initials CUS, is the intercommunal structure gathering the city of Strasbourg and some of its suburbs....
.
In 1969, the collapse of the frontage of the Chapel of John the Baptist
John the Baptist
John the Baptist was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure mentioned in the Canonical gospels. He is described in the Gospel of Luke as a relative of Jesus, who led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River...
obliged the Protestant parish to seek a new building.
1970 saw the completion of the construction of the motorway A34 Metz
Metz
Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...
- Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
, later taken over by A4 connecting Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
to Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
, alongside the marshalling yard of Hausbergen.
In 1978, the Protestant parish of Hoenheim inaugurated its church. The Protestant parish left the renovated Chapel of John the Baptist
John the Baptist
John the Baptist was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure mentioned in the Canonical gospels. He is described in the Gospel of Luke as a relative of Jesus, who led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River...
to the use of the Romanian Orthodox
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked seventh in order of precedence. The Primate of the church has the title of Patriarch...
parish.
With the new public transport policy, a new tram line was built by the Urban Community of Strasbourg
Urban Community of Strasbourg
The Urban Community of Strasbourg , also known by its French initials CUS, is the intercommunal structure gathering the city of Strasbourg and some of its suburbs....
during the 1990s, with the B tram line linking Hoenheim and Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
completed in 2001. The terminus of the B-Line in Hoenheim links the B tram line with the Strasbourg-Lauterbourg railway line.
Demography
Landmarks
- The Saint-Jean vault, located beside the town hall, whose foundations date from XIIe century.
A three floors square tower, shelters the heart directed according to the habit towards the East. Unfortunately the collapse of the frontage in 1969 needed a whole rebuilding of the building.
- The terminus of the tram (inauguration: 2001) (architect: Zaha Hadid)