Hospital information system
Encyclopedia
There are various titles and acronyms which all declare similar approaches to managing the information flow and storage in hospital routine services, as
are comprehensive, integrated information system
s designed to manage the medical, administrative, financial and legal aspects of a hospital
and its service processing. Traditional approaches encompass paper-based information processing as well as resident work position and mobile data acquisition and presentation.
Up to date a cloud computing
alternative is not recommended, as data security of individual patient records services are not well accepted by the public.
HIS can be composed of one or a few software components with specialty-specific extensions as well as of a large variety of sub-systems in medical specialties, as e.g. Laboratory Information System
(LIS), Radiology Information System
(RIS) or Picture archiving and communication system
(PACS).
CISs are sometimes separated from HISs in that one focuses the flow management and clinical-state-related data and the other focuses the patient-related data with the doctor's letters and the electronic patient record. However, the naming varies from vendor to vendor and from hospital to hospital.
initiative supported by ISO.
and administration by presenting data where needed and acquiring data when generated with network
ed electronic data processing
.
• It helps as a decision support system for the hospital authorities for developing comprehensive health care policies.
• Efficient and accurate administration of finance, diet of patient, engineering, and distribution of medical aid.
• Improved monitoring of drug usage, and study of effectiveness. This leads to the reduction of adverse drug interactions while promoting more appropriate pharmaceutical utilization.
• Enhances information integrity, reduces transcription errors, and reduces duplication of information entries.
- Hospital Information System (HIS), or
- Healthcare Information System, or
- Clinical Information System (CIS), or
- Patient Data Management System (PDMS)
are comprehensive, integrated information system
Information system
An information system - or application landscape - is any combination of information technology and people's activities that support operations, management, and decision making. In a very broad sense, the term information system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people,...
s designed to manage the medical, administrative, financial and legal aspects of a hospital
Hospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment. Hospitals often, but not always, provide for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays....
and its service processing. Traditional approaches encompass paper-based information processing as well as resident work position and mobile data acquisition and presentation.
Architecture
Generally all breeds are supported in client-server architectures for networking and processing. Most work positions for HIS currently are resident types. Mobile computing started with wheeled PC stands and now comes to age with tablet-PC and smartphone applications.Up to date a cloud computing
Cloud computing
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network ....
alternative is not recommended, as data security of individual patient records services are not well accepted by the public.
HIS can be composed of one or a few software components with specialty-specific extensions as well as of a large variety of sub-systems in medical specialties, as e.g. Laboratory Information System
Laboratory information system
A lab information system is a class of software that receives, processes, and stores information generated by medical laboratory processes. These systems often must interface with instruments and other information systems such as hospital information systems...
(LIS), Radiology Information System
Radiology Information System
A radiology information system is a computerized database used by radiology departments to store, manipulate and distribute patient radiological data and imagery. The system generally consists of patient tracking and scheduling, result reporting and image tracking capabilities...
(RIS) or Picture archiving and communication system
Picture archiving and communication system
A picture archiving and communication system is a medical imaging technology which provides economical storage of, and convenient access to, images from multiple modalities . Electronic images and reports are transmitted digitally via PACS; this eliminates the need to manually file, retrieve, or...
(PACS).
CISs are sometimes separated from HISs in that one focuses the flow management and clinical-state-related data and the other focuses the patient-related data with the doctor's letters and the electronic patient record. However, the naming varies from vendor to vendor and from hospital to hospital.
Standardization
There is no standardization but for data formats and for data interchange, as with the HL7Health Level 7
Health Level Seven , is an all-volunteer, non-profit organization involved in development of international healthcare informatics interoperability standards...
initiative supported by ISO.
Aim
As an area of medical informatics the aim of an HIS is to achieve the best possible support of patient care and outcomeClinical endpoint
In a clinical research trial, a clinical endpoint generally refers to occurrence of a disease, symptom, sign or laboratory abnormality that constitutes one of the target outcomes of the trial, but may also refer to any such disease or sign that strongly motivates the withdrawal of that individual...
and administration by presenting data where needed and acquiring data when generated with network
Computer network
A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information....
ed electronic data processing
Electronic data processing
Electronic Data Processing can refer to the use of automated methods to process commercial data. Typically, this uses relatively simple, repetitive activities to process large volumes of similar information...
.
Benefits of HIS
• Easy Access to Patient Data to generate varied records, including classification based on demographic, gender, age, and so on. It is especially beneficial at ambulatory (out-patient) point, hence enhancing continuity of care. As well as, Internet-based access improves the ability to remotely access such data.• It helps as a decision support system for the hospital authorities for developing comprehensive health care policies.
• Efficient and accurate administration of finance, diet of patient, engineering, and distribution of medical aid.
• Improved monitoring of drug usage, and study of effectiveness. This leads to the reduction of adverse drug interactions while promoting more appropriate pharmaceutical utilization.
• Enhances information integrity, reduces transcription errors, and reduces duplication of information entries.
See also
- Medical recordMedical recordThe terms medical record, health record, and medical chart are used somewhat interchangeably to describe the systematic documentation of a single patient's medical history and care across time within one particular health care provider's jurisdiction....
- Online office suite
- Electronic health recordElectronic Health RecordAn electronic health record is an evolving concept defined as a systematic collection of electronic health information about individual patients or populations...
(EHR) - Electronic medical recordElectronic medical recordAn electronic medical record is a computerized medical record created in an organization that delivers care, such as a hospital or physician's office...
(EMR) - Laboratory information systemLaboratory information systemA lab information system is a class of software that receives, processes, and stores information generated by medical laboratory processes. These systems often must interface with instruments and other information systems such as hospital information systems...
(LIS) - ICU quality and management toolsICU quality and management toolsThe intensive care unit is one of the major components of the current health care system. The advances in supportive care and monitoring resulted in significant improvements in the care of surgical and clinical patients...
- Radiology information systemRadiology Information SystemA radiology information system is a computerized database used by radiology departments to store, manipulate and distribute patient radiological data and imagery. The system generally consists of patient tracking and scheduling, result reporting and image tracking capabilities...
(RIS) - PACS (medical imaging)
- Medical technologistMedical technologistA Medical Laboratory Scientist is a healthcare professional who performs chemical, hematological, immunologic, microscopic, and bacteriological diagnostic analyses on body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, stool, cerebrospinal fluid , peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial...
Further reading
- Shortliffe EH, Cimino JJ eds. Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine (3rd edition). New York: Springer, 2006
- National Institute of Clinical Excellence, Principles of Best Practice in Clinical Audit. London: NICE, 2002. (ISBN 1-85775-976-1)
- Olmeda, Christopher J. (2000). Information Technology in Systems of Care. Delfin Press. ISBN 978-0-9821442-0-6
- Payne PR, Greaves AW, Kipps TJ., CRC Clinical Trials Management System (CTMS): an integrated information management solution for collaborative clinical research, AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2003;:967.