Huludao
Encyclopedia
Huludao is a prefecture-level city
in southwestern Liaoning Province, China
. It is one of the two principal cities (the other one is Jinzhou
) in the Liaoxi Corridor (辽西走廊). Known as Jinxi until 1994, Huludao has a total area of 10,415 square kilometers and a population of 2.87 million, of which some 531,000 live in the city proper. Its name literally means "Gourd Island".
Suizhong County, which lies within the prefecture, is the hometown of China's first astronaut Yang Liwei
.
and Zhou
dynasties, the region enjoyed advanced Bronze Age technology, while urban civilization first developed during the Warring States era. The Ming dynasty saw the construction of the Liaoning section of the Great Wall through Huludao, and it was during this time that the town of Xingcheng
was fortified with its defensive wall which still stands today.
In 1906, the county of Jinxi was established and later became an important center for resistance during the Japanese occupation. During 1945-1948, it was a battleground
between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist forces, and over one million Japanese prisoners of war were repatriated
from its port.
Jinxi county was granted city status in 1982 under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou, before becoming a prefecture-level city in 1989. The city was renamed Huludao, originally the name of the peninsula and port inside the city area, in 1994.
, forming the Bohai Sea economic rim with such cities as Dalian
, Yingkou
, Qinhuangdao
, and Qingdao
. As the first city outside the Shanhai Pass
, it serves as the gateway into the Northeast.
Huludao is situated in the north temperate zone with a continental monsoon
climate that brings cold dry winters and hot humid summers. Annual precipitation averages between 550-650mm while the year round mean temperature is 8.5-9.5℃.
, lime and manganese. Just west of the city center, the town of Yangjiazhangzi is an important global center for molybdenum mining.
Huludao boasts a long coastline of 237 kilometers, and the surrounding waters are rich in fish, shrimp and shellfish, with plentiful reserves of natural gas
and oil. With a climate suitable for the cultivation of fruit trees, Suizhong county is home to the Qiansuo orchard, Asia's largest, which grows a wide variety of fruits including apples, pears, nectarines and jujubes.
Huludao's economy is dominated by some of China's most important industrial enterprises, providing employment for a large proportion of the population. These include Asia's biggest zinc manufacturing operation, the Huludao Zinc Smelter, the Jinxi oil refinery and Jinhua chemical engineering, as well as Huludao's massive shipyard
, the building site of China's nuclear submarines. The oilfield off the coast of Suizhong county produces five million tons of crude oil annually. Electricity generation is set to increase annual capacity to 3.6 million kilowatts.
Within the city itself are special development areas designed to attract foreign investment to the region, including the Huludao Economic Development Zone and the Huludao Hi-tech Development zone, which is the location for a Siemens turbomachinery plant.
and northern cities such as Shenyang
and Harbin
. The newly renovated North Station (葫芦岛北站) serves high speed passenger trains that cover the four hundred kilometer distance to Beijing in less than three hours. Shipping routes are well served by ports at both Huludao city and Suizhong; Xingcheng Airport is capable of serving large airliners, while Jinzhou airport is the major hub for domestic flights.
Public transportation within the city is provided by over 25 different bus services and innumerable taxis. Traditional cycle rickshaws and motor rickshaws were banned from the city itself in 2010, but can still be seen in smaller cities and towns in the region. Long distance buses and trains link the various centers within the greater Huludao region.
The old town in Xingcheng is a beautifully preserved Ming dynasty
city, with its original walls still intact and an interior studded with temples and historical architecture. The presence of hot springs in the Xingcheng region along with its uncrowded beaches have contributed to its fame as a health destination for Party cadres across the country, while the stunning Juhua island is another significant tourist attraction.
The Great Wall passes through Huludao in spectacular fashion at Jiumenkou on the Hebei border, where the wall spans the Daqing river in the form of nine gates. It is the only section of the Great Wall to be built over water, and was listed as a world heritage site in 2002.
Other attractions in the area include the remains of Jieshi palace, built by the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty over two thousand years ago.
, United States of America Miyazaki
, Japan
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
in southwestern Liaoning Province, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. It is one of the two principal cities (the other one is Jinzhou
Jinzhou
Jinzhou , is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the "Liaoxi Corridor" , which connects land transportation between North China and Northeast China. Jinzhou is China's northernmost seaport and the coastal economic center of West...
) in the Liaoxi Corridor (辽西走廊). Known as Jinxi until 1994, Huludao has a total area of 10,415 square kilometers and a population of 2.87 million, of which some 531,000 live in the city proper. Its name literally means "Gourd Island".
Suizhong County, which lies within the prefecture, is the hometown of China's first astronaut Yang Liwei
Yang Liwei
Yáng Lìwěi is a Chinese major general and military pilot and a CNSA astronaut. He was the first man sent into space by the Chinese space program and his mission, Shenzhou 5, made China the third country to independently send people into space.-Background:...
.
History
The area now occupied by Huludao city has been settled by mankind since ancient times. Archeological evidence indicates that during the ShangShang
The shang is a flat ritual upturned handbell employed by Bönpo and Asian shamans. The sizes of the shang range from approximately 3 to 20 inches in diameter. It is traditionally held to have originated in Zhangzhung and is symbolically similar to the tantric dril-bhu. Shang are traditionally...
and Zhou
Zhou
Zhou may refer to:*Zhou Dynasty , a Chinese Dynasty *Zhou Predynastic Lineage, the antecedents to the above Zhou Dynasty*Northern Zhou , a Chinese Dynasty...
dynasties, the region enjoyed advanced Bronze Age technology, while urban civilization first developed during the Warring States era. The Ming dynasty saw the construction of the Liaoning section of the Great Wall through Huludao, and it was during this time that the town of Xingcheng
Xingcheng
Xingcheng , former name Ningyuan , is a county-level city of Northeast China with a population of approximately 140,000 urban inhabitants, and is located in southwest Liaoning on the northern coast of the Bohai Sea...
was fortified with its defensive wall which still stands today.
In 1906, the county of Jinxi was established and later became an important center for resistance during the Japanese occupation. During 1945-1948, it was a battleground
Battleground
A battleground is the site of a battle. It may also refer to:-Film & Television:* Battleground , a 1949 war film about the Battle of the Bulge...
between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist forces, and over one million Japanese prisoners of war were repatriated
Japanese repatriation from Huludao
The Japanese Repatriation from Huludao refers to sending back to Japan the Japanese people who were left in Northeast China after the end of World War II in 1945...
from its port.
Jinxi county was granted city status in 1982 under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou, before becoming a prefecture-level city in 1989. The city was renamed Huludao, originally the name of the peninsula and port inside the city area, in 1994.
Geography
Huludao is a coastal city on the Bohai Sea at 120°38' east longitude and 40°56' north latitude. It lies in the southwest of Liaoning Province, at the border with HebeiHebei
' is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province that included what is now southern Hebei...
, forming the Bohai Sea economic rim with such cities as Dalian
Dalian
Dalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's...
, Yingkou
Yingkou
Yingkou is located in the northwestern portion of the Liaodong Peninsula, and on the left bank of the Daliao River, which enters the sea in the city. To the west is the Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Gulf, and the city thus looks across to Jinzhou and Huludao...
, Qinhuangdao
Qinhuangdao
Qinhuangdao is a port city in northeastern Hebei province of North China. It is about 300 km east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea....
, and Qingdao
Qingdao
' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the...
. As the first city outside the Shanhai Pass
Shanhai Pass
Shanhai Pass , or Shanhaiguan, along with Jiayu Pass and Juyong Pass, is one of the major passes of the Great Wall of China It is located in Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei. In 1961, Shanhaiguan became a site of China First Class National Cultural Site.It is a popular tourist destination,...
, it serves as the gateway into the Northeast.
Huludao is situated in the north temperate zone with a continental monsoon
Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
climate that brings cold dry winters and hot humid summers. Annual precipitation averages between 550-650mm while the year round mean temperature is 8.5-9.5℃.
Administrative divisions
Huludao has six immediate sub-municipal divisions:| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Longgang District Longgang District, Huludao Longgang District is a district of Huludao, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. It is by far the smallest division of Huludao City with an area of just , and along with Lianshan District is one of the two districts within which Huludao city itself is situated.Longgang district encompasses the... |
龙港区 | Lónggǎng Qū | 170,000 | 138 | 1,232 |
| 2 | Lianshan District Lianshan District Lianshan District is a district under the administration of the city of Huludao, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. It is located in the northeastern corner of Huludao prefecture, bordering Jinzhou... |
连山区 | Liánshān Qū | 620,000 | 1,653 | 375 |
| 3 | Nanpiao District Nanpiao District Nanpiao District is a district under the administration of the city of Huludao, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. It is a mostly rural district containing no large urban centres, and comprises an area of , in the north of Huludao prefecture.... |
南票区 | Nánpiào Qū | 150,000 | 512 | 293 |
| 4 | Xingcheng City Xingcheng Xingcheng , former name Ningyuan , is a county-level city of Northeast China with a population of approximately 140,000 urban inhabitants, and is located in southwest Liaoning on the northern coast of the Bohai Sea... |
兴城市 | Xīngchéng Shì | 560,000 | 2,147 | 261 |
| 5 | Suizhong County | 绥中县 | Suízhōng Xiàn | 620,000 | 2,764 | 224 |
| 6 | Jianchang County Jianchang County Jianchang County is an administrative division within Huludao City in the southwest of Liaoning Province, in Northeast China. It is the largest division of Huludao, with an area of , and is located in mountainous terrain west of that city.... |
建昌县 | Jiànchāng Xiàn | 610,000 | 3,161 | 193 |
Economy
More than forty different mineral resources have been discovered in the Huludao region, including gold, zinc, molybdenumMolybdenum
Molybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
, lime and manganese. Just west of the city center, the town of Yangjiazhangzi is an important global center for molybdenum mining.
Huludao boasts a long coastline of 237 kilometers, and the surrounding waters are rich in fish, shrimp and shellfish, with plentiful reserves of natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
and oil. With a climate suitable for the cultivation of fruit trees, Suizhong county is home to the Qiansuo orchard, Asia's largest, which grows a wide variety of fruits including apples, pears, nectarines and jujubes.
Huludao's economy is dominated by some of China's most important industrial enterprises, providing employment for a large proportion of the population. These include Asia's biggest zinc manufacturing operation, the Huludao Zinc Smelter, the Jinxi oil refinery and Jinhua chemical engineering, as well as Huludao's massive shipyard
Shipyard
Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial...
, the building site of China's nuclear submarines. The oilfield off the coast of Suizhong county produces five million tons of crude oil annually. Electricity generation is set to increase annual capacity to 3.6 million kilowatts.
Within the city itself are special development areas designed to attract foreign investment to the region, including the Huludao Economic Development Zone and the Huludao Hi-tech Development zone, which is the location for a Siemens turbomachinery plant.
Transport
Huludao is an important link in rail and road networks between BeijingBeijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
and northern cities such as Shenyang
Shenyang
Shenyang , or Mukden , is the capital and largest city of Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Currently holding sub-provincial administrative status, the city was once known as Shengjing or Fengtianfu...
and Harbin
Harbin
Harbin ; Manchu language: , Harbin; Russian: Харби́н Kharbin ), is the capital and largest city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, lying on the southern bank of the Songhua River...
. The newly renovated North Station (葫芦岛北站) serves high speed passenger trains that cover the four hundred kilometer distance to Beijing in less than three hours. Shipping routes are well served by ports at both Huludao city and Suizhong; Xingcheng Airport is capable of serving large airliners, while Jinzhou airport is the major hub for domestic flights.
Public transportation within the city is provided by over 25 different bus services and innumerable taxis. Traditional cycle rickshaws and motor rickshaws were banned from the city itself in 2010, but can still be seen in smaller cities and towns in the region. Long distance buses and trains link the various centers within the greater Huludao region.
Tourism
Huludao is endowed with a number of scenic areas and sites of historical interest, and attracts many domestic tourists in summer by virtue of its picturesque sandy beaches, including Longwan Beach near the city center and Xingcheng Beach, a traditional resort known as the 'second Beidaihe'.The old town in Xingcheng is a beautifully preserved Ming dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
city, with its original walls still intact and an interior studded with temples and historical architecture. The presence of hot springs in the Xingcheng region along with its uncrowded beaches have contributed to its fame as a health destination for Party cadres across the country, while the stunning Juhua island is another significant tourist attraction.
The Great Wall passes through Huludao in spectacular fashion at Jiumenkou on the Hebei border, where the wall spans the Daqing river in the form of nine gates. It is the only section of the Great Wall to be built over water, and was listed as a world heritage site in 2002.
Other attractions in the area include the remains of Jieshi palace, built by the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty over two thousand years ago.
Education
Tertiary institutions of importance in Huludao include:- Liaoning Technical UniversityLiaoning Technical UniversityLiaoning Technical University is located in Fuxin, Liaoning, China, administered by the provincial government.-Overview:LNTU is classified as one of China's key national universities....
http://www.lncu.edu.cn - Liaoning Finance and Trade CollegeLiaoning Finance and Trade CollegeLiaoning Finance and Trade College , formerly known as Shenyang Shifan University Bohai College, is a small, partially walled private undergraduate college located near the Bohai coast in Xingcheng, southwest of Huludao in Liaoning province on the east coast of China.-Academic year:The college's...
http://www.lncmxy.cn - Bohai Shipbuilding Vocational College http://www.bhcy.cn
Sister cities
Las Vegas, NevadaLas Vegas, Nevada
Las Vegas is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Nevada and is also the county seat of Clark County, Nevada. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city for gambling, shopping, and fine dining. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous...
, United States of America Miyazaki
Miyazaki, Miyazaki
is the capital city of Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū in Japan. Located on the coast and perforated by several rivers, Miyazaki City enjoys scenic views of both ocean and nearby, verdant mountains...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
External links
- Huludao Government (in Simplified Chinese)
- A brief investment-oriented introduction to Huludao by the municipal government (in EnglishEnglish languageEnglish is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
) - A brief introduction to Huludao (in EnglishEnglish languageEnglish is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
) - Satellite map of Huludao on Google Maps
- http://www.china-liaoning.gov.cn/lnftec/portalpubsys/pubsys.jsp?subjectID=000000050000ff9a37cacc&articleID2=0000002170011e42b4e0b9
- http://www.cnnshenyang.com/near/Show.asp?nearID=171