Hytort process is an above-ground shale oil extraction process developed by the Institute of Gas Technology

Gas Technology Institute

The Gas Technology Institute is an American non-profit research and development organization which develops, demonstrates, and licenses new energy technologies for private and public clients, with a particular focus on the natural gas industry. GTI is located in Des Plaines, Illinois.-History:The...

. It is classified as a reactive fluid process, which produce shale oil

Shale oil

Shale oil, known also as kerogen oil or oil-shale oil, is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. These processes convert the organic matter within the rock into synthetic oil and gas...

 by hydrogenation

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation, to treat with hydrogen, also a form of chemical reduction, is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically...

.

Hytort process has advantage in processing the oil shales containing lesser amount of hydrogen like the eastern United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 Devonian

Devonian

The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic Era spanning from the end of the Silurian Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 Mya , to the beginning of the Carboniferous Period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 Mya...

 oil shale

Oil shale

Oil shale, an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock, contains significant amounts of kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced...

s. In this process, oil shale is processed at controlled heating rates in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, which allows oil shale's organic carbon conversion rate around 80%. Hydrogen react with coke precursors

Precursor (chemistry)

In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in the chemical reaction that produces another compound. In biochemistry, the term "precursor" is used more specifically to refer to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway....

 (a chemical structure in the oil shale that is prone to form char during retorting but has not yet done so). In case of Eastern US Devonian shales the reaction roughly doubles the yield of oil, depending on the characteristics of oil shale and process.

In 1980, the HYCRUDE Corporation was established to commercialize the Hytort technology. The feasibility study was conducted by HYCRUDE Corporation, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bechtel Group and the Institute of Gas Technology.

See also

• Galoter process
  Galoter process
  The Galoter process is a shale oil extraction technology for a production of shale oil, a type of synthetic crude oil. In this process, the oil shale is decomposed into shale oil, oil shale gas, and spent residue...
  
  
• Alberta Taciuk Process
  Alberta Taciuk Process
  The Alberta Taciuk process is an above-ground dry thermal retorting technology for extracting oil from oil sands, oil shale and other organics-bearing materials, including oil contaminated soils, sludges and wastes...
  
  
• Petrosix process
  Petrosix
  Petrosix is currently the world’s largest surface oil shale pyrolysis retort with an diameter vertical shaft kiln, operational since 1992. It is located in São Mateus do Sul, Brazil, and it is owned and operated by the Brazil energy company Petrobras. Petrosix means also the Petrosix process, an...
  
  
• Kiviter process
  Kiviter process
  -History:The Kiviter process is based on the earlier vertical retort technology . This technology underwent a long process of development...
  
  
• TOSCO II process
  TOSCO II process
  The TOSCO II process is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction, which uses fine particles of oil shale that are heated in a rotating kiln. The particularity of this process is that it use hot ceramic balls for the heat transfer between the retort and a heater...
  
  
• Fushun process
  Fushun process
  The Fushun process is an above-ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction. It is named after the main production site of Fushun, Liaoning province in northeastern China.-History:...
  
  
• Paraho process
  Paraho process
  The Paraho process is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction. The name "Paraho" is delivered from the words "para homem", which means in Portuguese "for mankind".-History:...
  
  
• Lurgi-Ruhrgas process
  Lurgi-Ruhrgas process
  The Lurgi–Ruhrgas process is an above-ground coal liquefaction and shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology.-History:...
  
  
• Chevron STB process
  Chevron STB process
  The Chevron STB process is an above-ground shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology....
  
  
• LLNL HRS process
  LLNL HRS process
  LLNL HRS process is an above-ground shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology.-History:The process was developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory...
  
  
• KENTORT II
  KENTORT II
  KENTORT II is an above-ground shale oil extraction process developed by the Center for Applied Energy Research of the University of Kentucky. It is a hot recycled solids fluidized bed retorting process developed since 1982 for processing the eastern United States Devonian oil shales...