Interleukin 25
Encyclopedia
Interleukin-25 is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene
.
that shares the sequence similarity with IL17
. This cytokine can induce NF-κB activation, and stimulate the production of IL8
. Both this cytokine and IL17B are ligands for the cytokine receptor IL17RB
. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this cytokine may be a proinflammatory cytokine favoring Th2-type immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
IL-25 is a cytokine
that belongs to the IL-17
cytokine family and is secreted by type 2 helper T cells (Th2) and mast cells. It is also known as IL-17E.
, IL-5
and IL-13
in multiple tissues, which stimulate the expansion of eosinophils. This cytokine is an important molecule controlling immunity
of the gut
and has been implicated in chronic inflammation
associated with the gastrointestinal tract
. IL-25 can kill some types of breast cancer cells.
Further, the IL-25 gene
has been identified in a chromosomal region associated with autoimmune diseases of the gut such as inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD), although no direct evidence suggests that IL-25 plays any role in this disease.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
IL-25 is a cytokineCytokine
Cytokines are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by the glial cells of the nervous system and by numerous cells of the immune system and are a category of signaling molecules used extensively in intercellular communication...
that shares the sequence similarity with IL17
Interleukin 17
Interleukin-17 is the founding member of a group of cytokines called the IL-17 family. IL-17A, was originally identified as a transcript from a rodent T-cell hybridoma by Rouvier et al. in 1993...
. This cytokine can induce NF-κB activation, and stimulate the production of IL8
Interleukin 8
Interleukin-8 is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. It is also synthesized by endothelial cells, which store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade bodies...
. Both this cytokine and IL17B are ligands for the cytokine receptor IL17RB
IL17RB
Interleukin-17 receptor B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17RB gene....
. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this cytokine may be a proinflammatory cytokine favoring Th2-type immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
IL-25 is a cytokine
Cytokine
Cytokines are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by the glial cells of the nervous system and by numerous cells of the immune system and are a category of signaling molecules used extensively in intercellular communication...
that belongs to the IL-17
Interleukin 17
Interleukin-17 is the founding member of a group of cytokines called the IL-17 family. IL-17A, was originally identified as a transcript from a rodent T-cell hybridoma by Rouvier et al. in 1993...
cytokine family and is secreted by type 2 helper T cells (Th2) and mast cells. It is also known as IL-17E.
Clinical significance
IL-25 induces the production of other cytokines, including IL-4Interleukin 4
Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified, but recent...
, IL-5
Interleukin 5
Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. Its functions are to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation. IL-5 is a 115-amino acid -long TH2 cytokine that is part of the...
and IL-13
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 is cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 cells, that is a mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.-Functions:...
in multiple tissues, which stimulate the expansion of eosinophils. This cytokine is an important molecule controlling immunity
Immunity (medical)
Immunity is a biological term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. Immunity involves both specific and non-specific components. The non-specific components act either as barriers or as eliminators of wide...
of the gut
Gut (zoology)
In zoology, the gut, also known as the alimentary canal or alimentary tract, is a tube by which bilaterian animals transfer food to the digestion organs. In large bilaterians the gut generally also has an exit, the anus, by which the animal disposes of solid wastes...
and has been implicated in chronic inflammation
Inflammation
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...
associated with the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal tract
The human gastrointestinal tract refers to the stomach and intestine, and sometimes to all the structures from the mouth to the anus. ....
. IL-25 can kill some types of breast cancer cells.
Further, the IL-25 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
has been identified in a chromosomal region associated with autoimmune diseases of the gut such as inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. The major types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.-Classification:...
(IBD), although no direct evidence suggests that IL-25 plays any role in this disease.