International Bank Account Number - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The International Bank Account Number (IBAN) is an international standard for identifying bank account

Bank account

A Bank account is a financial account recording the financial transactions between the customer and the bank and the resulting financial position of the customer with the bank .-Account types:...

s across national borders with a minimal risk of propagating transcription error

Transcription error

A transcription error is a specific type of data entry error that is commonly made by human operators or by optical character recognition programs . Human transcription errors are commonly the result of typographical mistakes, putting fingers in the wrong place during touch typing is the easiest...

s. It was originally adopted by the European Committee for Banking Standards

European Committee for Banking Standards

The European Committee for Banking Standards was formed in December 1992 by leading European banking associations to enhance the European technical banking infrastructure by developing standards...

(ECBS), and was later adopted as an international standard under ISO 13616:1997 and now as ISO 13616-1:2007. The official IBAN registrar under ISO 13616-2:2007 is SWIFT

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication operates a worldwide financial messaging network which exchanges messages between banks and other financial institutions...

.

The IBAN was originally developed to facilitate payments within the European Union

European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

but the format is flexible enough to be applied globally and has now been adopted by many Middle Eastern countries

Middle East

The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...

as well as most European countries

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

. It consists of a four character header comprising an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization , to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest...

country code

Country code

Country codes are short alphabetic or numeric geographical codes developed to represent countries and dependent areas, for use in data processing and communications. Several different systems have been developed to do this. The best known of these is ISO 3166-1...

, followed by two check digit

Check digit

A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection, the decimal equivalent of a binary checksum. It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the message....

s that are calculated using a mod-97 technique and a country-specific Basic Bank Account Number (BBAN) of up to thirty alphanumeric characters.

The checksum enables the initiator of any transaction to perform a sanity check of any specified bank account number on their own computer prior to actually initiating a request. The BBAN, whose format is decided by the national banking community, includes the domestic bank account number, branch identifier and potentially routing information, the only restrictions being that it must be of fixed length and that only case-insensitive alphanumeric in characters are used.

Background

Before IBAN, customers, especially individuals and small businesses (SMEs), used to be confused by the differing national standards for bank account identification such as bank, branch, routing codes and account number. This often led to necessary routing information being missing from payments. Furthermore routing information as specified by ISO 9362

ISO 9362

ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions...

does not contain check digits, so simple errors of transcription were not detectable and it was not possible for a sending bank to validate the routing information prior to submitting the payment. Routing errors were therefore frequent causing payments to be delayed and incurred extra costs to the sending and receiving banks and often to intermediate routing banks also.

Development

To overcome these difficulties, the European Committee for Banking Standards

European Committee for Banking Standards

The European Committee for Banking Standards was formed in December 1992 by leading European banking associations to enhance the European technical banking infrastructure by developing standards...

(ECBS) developed the IBAN which was later adopted as an international standard under ISO 13616:1997. This standard was revised in 2003 and again in 2007 when it was split into two parts. ISO 13616-1:2007 "specifies the elements of an international bank account number (IBAN) used to facilitate the processing of data internationally in data interchange, in financial environments as well as within and between other industries" but "does not specify internal procedures, file organization techniques, storage media, languages, etc. to be used in its implementation". ISO 13616-2:2007 describes "the Registration Authority (RA) responsible for the registry of IBAN formats that are compliant with ISO 13616-1 [and] the procedures for registering ISO 13616-compliant IBAN formats" The official IBAN registrar under ISO 13616-2:2007 is SWIFT

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication operates a worldwide financial messaging network which exchanges messages between banks and other financial institutions...

.

IBAN imposes a flexible but regular format sufficient for account identification and contains validation information to avoid errors of transcription. It carries all the routing information needed to get a payment from one bank to another wherever it may be; it contain all the key bank account details such as Bank Identifier Code

ISO 9362

s, branch codes (known as sort code

Sort Code

A sort code is the name given by both the British and Irish banking industry to the bank codes which are used to route money transfers between banks within their respective countries via their respective clearance organisations. In Ireland it is known as the NSC or National Sort Code and is...

s in the UK and Ireland) and account numbers and it contains check digits which can be validated at source according to a single standard procedure. Where used, IBANs have reduced trans-national money transfer errors to under 0.1% of total payments.

Practicalities

The check digits enable the sending bank (or its customer) to perform a sanity check of the routing destination and account number from a single string of data at the time of data entry. This check is guaranteed to detect any instances where a single character has been omitted, duplicated, mistyped or where two characters have been transposed. Thus routing and account number errors are virtually eliminated.

The IBAN should not contain spaces when transmitted electronically. However, when printed on paper, the IBAN is expressed in groups of four characters separated by a single space, the last group being of variable length as shown in the example below

Country	IBAN formatting example
Greece	`GR16 0110 1250 0000 0001 2300 695`
United Kingdom	`GB29 NWBK 6016 1331 9268 19`
Saudi Arabia	`SA03 8000 0000 6080 1016 7519`
Switzerland	`CH93 0076 2011 6238 5295 7`
Israel	`IL62 0108 0000 0009 9999 999`

The characters that may be used in an IBAN are the Hindu-Arabic numerals '0' to '9' and the 26 upper case Latin alphabetic characters

Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...

'A' to 'Z'. This applies even in countries such as Greece, Saudi Arabia and Israel (see above) and others where these characters and/or numerals are not used in the national language.

Geographical usage

The banks of most countries in Europe

Europe

provide an IBAN identifier for their accounts as well as nationally recognised identifiers - this being mandatory within the European Economic Area

European Economic Area

The European Economic Area was established on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between the member states of the European Free Trade Association and the European Community, later the European Union . Specifically, it allows Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway to participate in the EU's Internal...

. In addition Dominican Republic

Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...

, Israel

Israel

The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

, Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...

, Kuwait

Kuwait

The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...

, Lebanon

Lebanon

Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...

, Mauritania

Mauritania

Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...

, Mauritius

Mauritius

Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...

, Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

, Tunisia

Tunisia

Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...

, and United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...

also provide IBAN format account identifiers.
Banks in the British dependencies (except Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...

and the Crown Dependencies) do not use the IBAN format, but this may be due to internal banking regulatory issues. Banks in the Dutch West Indies also do not use the IBAN format. Some banks outside Europe may not recognize IBAN, though as time passes this is expected to diminish. Non-European banks typically accept IBANs as bank account numbers for accounts in Europe, although they might not treat IBANs differently to the way they treat other foreign bank account numbers. In particular, they might choose not to check that the IBAN is valid prior to sending the payment.

In the absence of an IBAN it remains necessary to use the current ISO 9362

ISO 9362

Bank Identifier Code system (BIC

ISO 9362

or SWIFT

Swift

The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are actually not closely related to passerine species at all; swifts are in the separate order Apodiformes, which they share with hummingbirds...

code) in conjunction with the BBAN.

Banks in the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

do not provide IBAN format account numbers. Any adoption of the IBAN standard by U.S. banks would likely be initiated by ANSI ASC X9, the U.S. financial services standards development organization but to date it has not done so. Hence payments to U.S. bank accounts from outside the U.S. are prone to errors of routing.

Canadian financial institutions have not adopted IBAN and use bank transit numbers issued by the Canadian Payments Association

Canadian payments association

The Canadian Payments Association is a not-for-profit organization that:*operates and maintains national systems for the clearing and settlement of payments and other arrangements for the making or exchange of payments;...

for transferring funds within Canada and SWIFT

Swift

for international transfers. There is no formal governmental or private sector regulatory requirement in Canada for the major banks to use IBAN.

Banks in Australia

Australia

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

and New Zealand

New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...

have not adopted IBAN, and tend to use Bank State Branch

Bank State Branch

A Bank State Branch identifying code is a six digit numerical code used within Australia that identifies an individual branch of a financial institution...

codes for domestic transfers and SWIFT

Swift

for international.

Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)

The IBAN designation scheme was chosen as the foundation for electronic straight-through processing in the European Economic Area

European Economic Area

. The European Parliament mandated that a bank charge needs to be the same amount for domestic credit transfers as for cross-border credit transfers regulated in decision 2560/2001 (updated in 924/2009). This regulation took effect as of 2003. Only payments in Euro up to €12,500 to a bank account designated by its IBAN were covered by the regulation.

The Euro Payments regulation has been the foundation for the decision to create a Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). The European Central Bank

European Central Bank

The European Central Bank is the institution of the European Union that administers the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states. It is thus one of the world's most important central banks. The bank was established by the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1998, and is headquartered in Frankfurt,...

has created the TARGET2 interbank network that unifies the technical infrastructure of the 26 central banks of the European Union (although Sweden and the UK have opted-out). SEPA is a self-regulatory initiative by the banking sector of Europe as represented in the European Payments Council

European Payments Council

The European Payments Council was founded in 2002. It calls itself "the decision-making and coordination body of the European banking industry in relation to payments". The main task of the EPC is the development of the Single Euro Payment Area. The 74 members are banks and banking associations....

(EPC). The European Union made the scheme mandatory through the Payment Services Directive

Payment Services Directive

The Payment Services Directive is a regulatory initiative from the European Commission which will regulate payment services and payment service providers throughout the European Union and European Economic Area .The purpose is to increase pan-European competition and participation in the...

published in 2007. Since January 2008 all countries must support SEPA credit transfer and SEPA direct debit must be supported since November 2009. The regulation on SEPA payments increases the charge cap (same price for domestic payments as for cross-border payments) to €50,000.

With a further decision of the European Parliament the IBAN scheme for bank accounts shall fully replace the domestic numbering schemes up to 31 December 2012. On 16 December 2010 the European Commission published proposed regulations that will make IBAN support mandatory for domestic credit transfer by 2013 and for domestic direct debit by 2014 (with a 12 and 24 months transition period respectively). Some countries have already replaced their traditional bank account scheme by IBAN, this includes Switzerland which introduced the IBAN for national credit transfer on 1 January 2006 and the support for the old bank account numbers is not required from 1 January 2010.

IBAN validation features

One of the design aims of the IBAN was to enable as much validation as possible to be done at the point of data entry. In particular, the computer program that accepts an IBAN will be able to validate:

Is the country code valid?
Does the number of characters in the IBAN correspond to the number specified for this country?
Does the BBAN format follow the format specified for this country?
Is the account number, bank code and country code combination compatible with the check digits?

The check digits are calculated using MOD-97-10 as per ISO/IEC 7064:2002 (abbreviated to mod-97 in this article) which specifies a set of check character systems capable of protecting strings against errors which occur when people copy or key data. In particular, the standard states that the following can be detected:

"all single substitution errors (the substitution of a single character for another, for example 4234 for 1234);"
"all or nearly all single (local) transposition errors (the transposition of two single characters, either adjacent or with one character between them, for example 12354 or 12543 for 12345);" Since the IBAN error detection uses mod 97, it will trap all such errors.
"all or nearly all shift errors (shifts of the whole string to the left or right);" These errors will be trapped by the computer program as they will result in an incorrect format.
"a high proportion of double substitution errors (two separate single substitution errors in the same string, for example 7234587 for 1234567);"
"a high proportion of all other errors."

Security and privacy

Since an IBAN is nothing more than an enhanced bank account number, account holders should handle them with the same security considerations as they handle conventional bank account numbers. Many businesses publish the IBANs of their transit accounts (where payments are routinely swept out and transferred to the proper internal corporate account).

Online IBAN generation

The underlying rules for IBANs is that the account servicing financial institution should issue an IBAN as there are a number areas where different IBANs could be generated from the same account and branch numbers that would satisfy the generic IBAN validation rules. In particular cases where 00 is a valid check digit, 97 will also be a valid check digit, likewise if 01 is a valid check digit, 98 will also be a valid check digit, similarly with 02 and 99.

Online IBAN validation

There is a large number of IBAN validators on the internet. Some are specific to a particular country, others to a particular bank. Links to some of these can be found in sister Wikipedia articles in the language concerned. All general purpose validators perform the validations described above, though a few do check certain country-specific information, e.g., that the IBAN bank code

Bank code

A Bank Code is a code assigned by a central bank, a Bank Supervisory Body or a Bankers Association in a country to all its licensed member banks. The rules vary to a great extent between the countries. Also the name of such a code varies...

and the sort code

Sort Code

are consistent.

The UN CEFACT TBG5

UN CEFACT TBG5

UN/CEFACT TBG5 is the entity responsible for financial services under the United Nations Centre for Trade facilitation and Electronic Business, under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ....

has published a free IBAN validation service in 31 languages for all 50 countries that have adopted the IBAN standard. They have also published the Javascript source code of the verification algorithm.

A similar English language IBAN checker that is restricted to ECBS member country bank accounts is available on their website. Both of these IBAN checkers return the message This IBAN appears to be correct when presented with the fictitious British IBAN GB82 WEST 1234 5698 7654 32 (see above). This is because it has a valid country code, its layout is consistent with the layout that is linked to the country code, and the check digits are consistent with the rest of the IBAN.

List of valid IBANs by country

This table summarises the IBAN formats of various countries. The data is taken from the July 2011 version of the IBAN registry, unless noted otherwise

The kk after the two character ISO country code represents the check digits calculated from the rest of the IBAN characters. If it is a constant for the country concerned, this will be stated in the Comments column. This happens where the BBAN has its own check digits that use the same algorithm as the IBAN check digits.
The BBAN format column shows the format of the BBAN part of an IBAN in terms of upper case alpha characters (A-Z) denoted by "a", numeric characters (0-9) denoted by "n" and mixed case alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) denoted by "c". For example, the Bulgarian BBAN (4a,6n,8c) consists of 4 alpha characters, followed by 6 numeric characters, then by 8 mixed-case alpha-numeric characters.

Descriptions in the Comments field have been standardised with country specific names in brackets. The format of the various fields can be deduced from the BBAN field.

Country	Chars	BBAN Format	IBAN Fields	Comment
Albania Albania Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...	28	8n, 16c	ALkk BBBS SSSK CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code S = branch identifier K = check digit C = account No.
Andorra Andorra Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...	24	8n,12c	ADkk BBBB SSSS CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code S = branch code C = account No.
Austria Austria Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...	20	16n	ATkk BBBB BCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code C = account No.
Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...	16	12n	BEkk BBBC CCCC CCKK	B = National bank code C = account No. K = check digits
Bahrain Bahrain ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...	22	4a,14c	BHkk BBBB SSSS SSSS SSSS SS	B = National bank code C = account No. Effective 31 January 2012
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...	20	16n	BAkk BBBS SSCC CCCC CCKK	k = IBAN check digits (always 39) B = National bank code S = branch code C = account No K = check digits
Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...	22	4a,6n,8c	BGkk BBBB SSSS DDCC CCCC CC	B = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... bank code S = Branch (BAE) number D = account type C = account No.
Costa Rica Costa Rica Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....	21	17n	CRkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CCCC C	B = bank code C = account No.
Croatia Croatia Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...	21	17n	HRkk BBBB BBBC CCCC CCCC C	B = bank code C = account No.
Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...	28	8n,16c	CYkk BBBS SSSS CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code S = branch code C = account No.
Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....	24	20n	CZkk BBBB SSSS SSCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code S = branch code C = account No.
Denmark Denmark Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...	18	14n	DKkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CC	B = National bank code C = account No.
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...	28	4a,20n	DOkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = Bank identifier C = account No.
Estonia Estonia Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...	20	16n	EEkk BBSS CCCC CCCC CCCK	B = National bank code S = branch code C = account No. K = check digit
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Scotland and Iceland. The Faroe Islands are a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, along with Denmark proper and Greenland... Registered at SWIFT as part of Denmark, but with its own country code.	18	14n	FOkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CK	B = National bank code C = account No. K = check digit
Finland Finland Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...	18	14n	FIkk BBBB BBCC CCCC CK	B = bank and branch identifier C = account No. K = National check digit
France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France... French Guyana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion have their own ISO country code but are included for the IBAN under the code “FR”; French Polynesia (PF), French Southern Territories (TF), Mayotte (YT), New Caledonia (NC), Saint Pierre et Miquelon (PM), and Wallis and Futuna Islands (WF) have their own ISO country code but may be identified within the IBAN by either FR or their specific country code.	27	10n,11c,2n	FRkk BBBB BGGG GGCC CCCC CCCC CKK	B = National bank code G = branch code (fr:code guichet) C = account No. K = National checks digits (:fr:clé RIB).
Georgia Georgia (country) Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...	22	2c,16n	GEkk BBCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CC	B = National bank code C = Account No.
Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...	22	18n	DEkk BBBB BBBB CCCC CCCC CC	B = Bank and branch identifier (:de:Bankleitzahl or BLZ) C = account No.
Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...	23	4a,15c	GIkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CCCC CCC	B = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... bank code C = account No.
Greece Greece Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....	27	7n,16c	GRkk BBBS SSSC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCC	B = National bank code S = Branch code C = account No.
Greenland Greenland Greenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for...	18	14n	GLkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CC	B = National bank code C = account No.
Hungary Hungary Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...	28	24n	HUkk BBBS SSSS CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCK	B = National bank code S = branch identifier C = account No. K = National check digit
Iceland Iceland Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...	26	22n	ISkk BBBB SSCC CCCC XXXX XXXX XX	B = National bank code S = branch code C = account No. X = holder's national identification number National identification number A national identification number, national identity number, or national insurance number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, and other... .
Ireland Republic of Ireland Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...	22	4c,14n	IEkk AAAA BBBB BBCC CCCC CC	A = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... bank code B = bank/branch account number (sort code Sort Code A sort code is the name given by both the British and Irish banking industry to the bank codes which are used to route money transfers between banks within their respective countries via their respective clearance organisations. In Ireland it is known as the NSC or National Sort Code and is... ) C = account No.
Israel Israel The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...	23	19n	ILkk BBBN NNCC CCCC CCCC CCC	B = National bank code N = branch No C = account No. 13 digits (padded with zeros).
Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...	27	1a,10n,12c	ITkk KAAA AABB BBBC CCCC CCCC CCC	K = check char (CIN) A = National bank code (:it:Associazione bancaria italiana or Codice ABI ) B = branch number (:it:Coordinate bancarie or CAB - Codice d'Avviamento Bancario) C = account ID
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...	20	3n,3c,10n	KZkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code C = account No.
Kuwait Kuwait The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...	30	4a, 22n	KWkk BBBB AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA	B = National bank code A = Account number.
Latvia Latvia Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...	21	4a,13c	LVkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CCCC C	B = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... Bank code C = account No.
Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...	28	4n,20c	LBkk BBBB AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA	B = National bank code A = Account number.
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...	21	5n,12c	LIkk BBBB BCCC CCCC CCCC C	B = National bank code C = account No
Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...	20	16n	LTkk BBBB BCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code C = account No.
Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...	20	3n,13c	LUkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code C = account No.
Macedonia Republic of Macedonia Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...	19	3n,10c,2n	MKkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CKK	k = IBAN check digits (always = "07") B = National bank code C = Account No. K = National check digits
Malta Malta Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...	31	4a,5n,18c	MTkk BBBB SSSS SCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCC	B = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... bank code S = branch identifier C = account No.
Mauritania Mauritania Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...	27	23n	MRkk BBBB BGGG GGCC CCCC CCCC CKK	B = National bank code G = branch code (fr:code guichet) C = account No. K = National check digits (:fr:clé RIB) Planned effective date 1 January 2012.
Mauritius Mauritius Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...	30	4a,19n,3a	MUkk BBBB BBSS CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CC	B = National bank code S = branch identifier C = account number
Monaco Monaco Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...	27	10n,11c,2n	MCkk BBBB BGGG GGCC CCCC CCCC CKK	B = National bank code G = branch code (fr:code guichet) C = account No. K = National check digits (:fr:clé RIB).
Montenegro Montenegro Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...	22	18n	MEkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CCCC KK	k = IBAN check digit (always = "25") B = Bank Code C = Account number K = Check Digit.
Netherlands Netherlands The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders... Not applicable to Aruba Aruba Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula... , Curaçao Curaçao Curaçao is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, off the Venezuelan coast. The Country of Curaçao , which includes the main island plus the small, uninhabited island of Klein Curaçao , is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands... , Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands.	18	4a,10n	NLkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CC	B = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... Bank Code C = Account number
Norway Norway Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...	15	11n	NOkk BBBB CCCC CCK	B = National bank code C = account No. K = modulo-11 check digit
Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...	28	24n	PLkk BBBS SSSK CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code S = branch code K = national check digits C = account No.,
Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...	25	21n	PTkk BBBB SSSS CCCC CCCC CCCK K	k = IBAN check digits (always = "50") B = National bank code S = Branch code, C = account number K = BBAN check digits.
Romania Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...	24	4a,16c	ROkk BBBB CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... Bank Code C = Branch code and Account No (bank-specific format)
San Marino San Marino San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...	27	1a,10n,12c	SMkk KAAA AABB BBBC CCCC CCCC CCC	K = check char (:it:CIN) A = National bank code (:it:Associazione bancaria italiana or Codice ABI) B = branch number (:it:Coordinate bancarie or CAB - Codice d'Avviamento Bancario) C = account ID
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...	24	2n,18c	SAkk BBCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code C = account number preceded by zeros, if required.
Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...	22	18n	RSkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CCCC KK	B = National bank code C = account No. K = account check digits
Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...	24	20n	SKkk BBBB SSSS SSCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code S = sort code C = account No.
Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...	19	15n	SIkk BBSS SCCC CCCC CKK	k = IBAN check digits (always = "56") B = National bank code S = branch C = Account number K = National check sum
Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...	24	20n	ESkk BBBB GGGG KKCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code G=Branch/office number K=Check digits C = account No.
Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....	24	20n	SEkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCK	B = National bank code C = account No. K = Check digit
Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....	21	5n,12c	CHkk BBBB BCCC CCCC CCCC C	B = National bank code C = account No.
Tunisia Tunisia Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...	24	20n	TNkk BBSS SCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC	B = National bank code S = Branch code C = account No.
Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...	26	5n,17c	TRkk BBBB BRCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CC	B = National bank code R = Reserved for future use (currently "0") C = Account Number
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...	23	3n,16n	AEkk BBBC CCCC CCCC CCCC CCC	B = National bank code C = Account Number Effective 15 October 2011
United Kingdom United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages... The United Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles... and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Bailiwick Bailiwick A bailiwick is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and may also apply to a territory in which the sheriff's functions were exercised by a privately appointed bailiff under a royal or imperial writ. The word is now more generally used in a metaphorical sense, to indicate a sphere of... s of Guernsey Guernsey Guernsey, officially the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.The Bailiwick, as a governing entity, embraces not only all 10 parishes on the Island of Guernsey, but also the islands of Herm, Jethou, Burhou, and Lihou and their islet... and Jersey Jersey Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and... use this format. British Overseas Territories have their own formats.	22	4a,14n	GBkk BBBB SSSS SSCC CCCC CC	B = BIC ISO 9362 ISO 9362 is a standard format of Business Identifier Codes approved by the International Organization for Standardization . It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions... bank code S = Bank and branch Code (sort code Sort Code A sort code is the name given by both the British and Irish banking industry to the bank codes which are used to route money transfers between banks within their respective countries via their respective clearance organisations. In Ireland it is known as the NSC or National Sort Code and is... ) C = account No

Validating the IBAN

The basis of the IBAN validation is to convert the IBAN into a number and to perform a basic Mod-97 calculation (as described in ISO 7064) on it. If the IBAN is valid, then the remainder equals 1. Rule process of IBAN validation is:

Check that the total IBAN length is correct as per the country. If not, the IBAN is invalid.
Move the four initial characters to the end of the string.
Replace each letter in the string with two digits, thereby expanding the string, where A=10, B=11, ..., Z=35.
Interpret the string as a decimal integer and compute the remainder of that number on division by 97.

If the remainder is 1, the checks digits test is passed and the IBAN might be valid.

Example (fictitious United Kingdom bank, sort code 12-34-56, account 98765432):
IBAN: GB82 WEST 1234 5698 7654 32
Rearrange: W E S T12345698765432 G B82
Modulus: 3214282912345698765432161182 mod 97 = 1

Generating IBAN check digits

According to the European Committee for Banking Standards

European Committee for Banking Standards

The European Committee for Banking Standards was formed in December 1992 by leading European banking associations to enhance the European technical banking infrastructure by developing standards...

(ECBS) "generation of the IBAN shall be the exclusive responsibility of the bank/branch servicing the account". The ECBS provides a method for generating the check digits in the range 02 to 98. Theoretically, it is equally possible to generate check digits in the ranges 00 to 96, 01 to 97, and 03 to 99, but the standard is silent as to whether or not these ranges may be used.

The preferred algorithm is:

Check that the total IBAN length is correct as per the country. If not, the IBAN is invalid.
Replace the two check digits by 00 (e.g., GB00 for the UK).
Move the four initial characters to the end of the string.
Replace the letters in the string with digits, expanding the string as necessary, such that A or a=10, B or b=11 and Z or z=35. Each alphabetic character is therefore replaced by 2 digits.

Convert the string to an integer (i.e., ignore leading zeroes).
Calculate Mod-97 of the new number.
Subtract the remainder from 98 and, if necessary, pad with a leading 0 to make a two digit number.

Calculating the modulus of a large number

It is often not practical to perform these calculations directly on a modern PC, so many programs, such as the Javascript program published by UN CEFACT TBG5

UN CEFACT TBG5

use a piece-wise approach. By making use of the modular arithmetic

Modular arithmetic

In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" after they reach a certain value—the modulus....

identities

and

it can be shown that a modulus calculation on a large number

(e.g., the IBAN) can be reformulated as

where the

are the digits of

(i.e., integer values between 0 and 9)

and the

are a fixed array of integers independent of D

The sequence

is easily generated using the iterative relationship

This algorithm is particularly useful if the large number

is expressed as an ASCII string from which the elements

can easily be extracted rather than as a binary number. In practice, this algorithm can be performed using 16-bit integer arithmetic even though

itself might be more than 30 digits in length.

Example of modulus calculation

In this example, the calculation of (3214282912345698765432161182 mod 97) using modular arithmetic is explained in detail. If the result of this calculation is one, the IBAN passes the check digit test. For clarification, the IBAN digits are colour-coded as above.

In the table below

Column i are the digit numbers counting from the right to left.
Column d_i are the values of these digits.
Column a_i are the progressive values calculated as a_i = (10 x a_i-1) mod 97, where a₁ = 1.
Column d_i × a_i is self-explanatory.
Columns Definition of a_i and Calculation of a_i detail how the values of a_i are calculated.

Note that the values a_i are independent of the IBAN being checked, i.e., they form a constant array for all checks digit tests on IBANs with a certain length. The value 27 is highlighted to show the propagation of the values of a_i from one row to the next.

i	d_i	a_i	d_i × a_i	Definition of a_i	Calculation of a_i
1	2	1	2	a₁ = 1 (by definition)	a₁ = 1
2	8	10	80	a₂ = 10 mod 97	a₂ = (1×10) mod 97
3	1	3	3	a₃ = 100 mod 97	a₃ = (10×10) mod 97
4	1	30	30	a₄ = 1000 mod 97	a₄ = (3×10) mod 97
5	6	9	54	a₅ = 10,000 mod 97	a₅ = (30 ×10) mod 97
6	1	90	90	a₆ = 100,000 mod 97	a₆ = (9×10) mod 97
7	2	27	54	a₇ = 1,000,000 mod 97	a₇ = (90×10) mod 97
8	3	76	228	a₈ = 10,000,000 mod 97	a₈ = (27×10) mod 97
... Rows omitted ...
27	2	31	62	a₂₇ = 10²⁶ mod 97	a₂₇ = (71×10) mod 97
28	3	19	57	a₂₈ = 10²⁷ mod 97	a₂₈ = (31×10) mod 97
Sum (d_i × a_i)			4560
*4560 mod* 97 = 1**				A value of 1 means that this IBAN is valid

The final two rows conclude the computation, by checking that Mod-97 of the sum of the values in column d_i × a_i equals one. Note that 4560 is the largest number appearing in this algorithm, which can easily be accommodated by a 16-bit computer.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Background

Development

Practicalities

Geographical usage

Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)

IBAN validation features

Security and privacy

Online IBAN generation

Online IBAN validation

List of valid IBANs by country

Validating the IBAN

Generating IBAN check digits

Calculating the modulus of a large number

Example of modulus calculation

See also

External links