Ivan Rikard Ivanović
Encyclopedia
Dr. Ivan Rikard Ivanović (1880 – 1949) (né
Ivan Rikard Mendel Kraus) was one of the founders of the Croatian National Progressive Party (NNS). As a member of the National Assembly of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes he helped to form the state of Yugoslavia
.
, Austria-Hungary
(present-day Croatia
), where his father, Joseph Kraus,, the owner of a construction business, was responsible for erecting a number of buildings in his hometown, among which was the first steam-powered flour mill. After completing his early studies, Kraus moved to Vienna
where he became a Doctor of Law
. In July 1912, having changed his name to "Ivanović", he married Milica Popović, the youngest sister of Dr. Dušan Popović, a leading Serb
in Croatian political life. In 1929, Ivanović built an oil refinery in Osijek named "IPOIL" and in 1937 built the first aluminum factory in the Balkans
known as "IVANAL" d.d. in the town of Lozovac.
for the city of Osijek and later became a deputy
in Croatia's Sabor
. In 1918, as a member of the National Assembly of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes he helped to form the state. During the Second World War he was arrested and imprisoned for several times. His first factory, IPOIL, was confiscated by the state, and his second factory, IVANAL, was confiscated by Italian occupying forces. In 1946, the Communists accused him of being a "capitalist bourgeois
" and in a plotted political process, the Supreme Court of Croatia in Zagreb
(case No. K-645/45 of 9 January) condemned both him and his wife and confiscated all the property of the company, including all the immovables and factory buildings. Ivanović was stripped of his civil rights
and sent to a forced labor camp
. After being released, he fled to Italy
where he died in Genoa
in 1949 aged 69.
He and Milica Popovic had three children together, Ivan
, Daška
and Vladimir. He had a third son named Dimitar with his second wife Jelka Muačević. In 1948, his third wife, Štefica Kastelic, gave birth to his fourth son, Marko, who became his legal successor.
NE
-Places:England* NE postcode area, a postcode for the City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and WearItaly* Ne, Liguria, a comune in the Province of GenoaNiger* Niger, ISO 3166-1 country code** .ne, the country code top level domain for Niger...
Ivan Rikard Mendel Kraus) was one of the founders of the Croatian National Progressive Party (NNS). As a member of the National Assembly of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes he helped to form the state of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
.
Biography
Ivan Rikard Kraus was born 1880 in OsijekOsijek
Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 83,496 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county...
, Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
(present-day Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
), where his father, Joseph Kraus,, the owner of a construction business, was responsible for erecting a number of buildings in his hometown, among which was the first steam-powered flour mill. After completing his early studies, Kraus moved to Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
where he became a Doctor of Law
Doctor of law
Doctor of Law or Doctor of Laws is a doctoral degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country, and includes degrees such as the LL.D., Ph.D., J.D., J.S.D., and Dr. iur.-Argentina:...
. In July 1912, having changed his name to "Ivanović", he married Milica Popović, the youngest sister of Dr. Dušan Popović, a leading Serb
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
in Croatian political life. In 1929, Ivanović built an oil refinery in Osijek named "IPOIL" and in 1937 built the first aluminum factory in the Balkans
Balkans
The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
known as "IVANAL" d.d. in the town of Lozovac.
Political career
In 1913, Ivanović was elected a member of the Croatian ParliamentCroatian parliamentary election, 1913
Croatian parliamentary elections were held on 16th and 17 December 1913. There were 209,618 eligible male voters. According to the census of December 31, 1910, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia had a population of 2,621,954....
for the city of Osijek and later became a deputy
Deputy (legislator)
A deputy is a legislator in many countries, particularly those with legislatures styled as a 'Chamber of Deputies' or 'National Assembly'.-List of countries:This is an list of countries using the term 'deputy' or one of its cognates....
in Croatia's Sabor
Parliament of Croatia
The Parliament of Croatia or the Sabor is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia and legislature of the country. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, represents the people and is vested with the legislative power...
. In 1918, as a member of the National Assembly of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes he helped to form the state. During the Second World War he was arrested and imprisoned for several times. His first factory, IPOIL, was confiscated by the state, and his second factory, IVANAL, was confiscated by Italian occupying forces. In 1946, the Communists accused him of being a "capitalist bourgeois
Bourgeoisie
In sociology and political science, bourgeoisie describes a range of groups across history. In the Western world, between the late 18th century and the present day, the bourgeoisie is a social class "characterized by their ownership of capital and their related culture." A member of the...
" and in a plotted political process, the Supreme Court of Croatia in Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
(case No. K-645/45 of 9 January) condemned both him and his wife and confiscated all the property of the company, including all the immovables and factory buildings. Ivanović was stripped of his civil rights
Civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.Civil rights include...
and sent to a forced labor camp
Labor camp
A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons...
. After being released, he fled to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
where he died in Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
in 1949 aged 69.
He and Milica Popovic had three children together, Ivan
Vane Ivanović
Ivan "Vane" Stefan Ivanović was an athlete, shipowner, political activist, diplomat, writer and philanthropist. One of the founders of the European Movement and the Consul General of Monaco in London, he devoted most of his life to the idea of Yugoslav unity.-Biography:Vane Ivanović was born in...
, Daška
Daška Ivanović
Daška Marija Ivanović , better known as Daška McLean, was the daughter of one of the founders of the Croatian National Progressive Party . She made headlines in Europe and America when she made her 18-year-old daughter a ward of the court in the U.K...
and Vladimir. He had a third son named Dimitar with his second wife Jelka Muačević. In 1948, his third wife, Štefica Kastelic, gave birth to his fourth son, Marko, who became his legal successor.