James Bernard, 4th Earl of Bandon
Encyclopedia
James Francis Bernard, 4th Earl of Bandon KP (12 September 1850 – 18 May 1924) was a British
Deputy Lieutenant
in Ireland
and Representative Peer
. Lord Bandon was a cousin of the Earl of Middleton
(who was head of the southern Irish Unionists at the time of the Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921)).
, County Cork
was one of the last great houses burned during the troubles of the 1920s by an Irish Republican Army
party under Sean Hales
on 21 June 1921 as a counter-reprisal measure against British policy to burn Irish homes in districts in which the British had declared martial law
. Tom Barry
, the leader of the local IRA, claimed they burned two "big houses" for every one Irish peasant's cottage destroyed.
of 1921 and the cessation of hostilities.
estates by way of settlement in 1876 and further in 1895 and 1896 including the mortgaging of the lands to his agents Richard Wheeler Doherty, and the appointment of George and John Jones and Doherty as his attorneys.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it....
Deputy Lieutenant
Deputy Lieutenant
In the United Kingdom, a Deputy Lieutenant is one of several deputies to the Lord Lieutenant of a lieutenancy area; an English ceremonial county, Welsh preserved county, Scottish lieutenancy area, or Northern Irish county borough or county....
in Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
and Representative Peer
Representative peer
In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords...
. Lord Bandon was a cousin of the Earl of Middleton
Earl of Middleton
The title Earl of Middleton was created in 1656 in the Peerage of Scotland for army officer John Middleton, together with the subsidiary titles Lord Clermont and Fettercairn. He was succeeded by his son, Charles, who served in political offices under Charles II and James II & VI...
(who was head of the southern Irish Unionists at the time of the Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921)).
Burning of Castle Bernard
Castle Bernard near the town of BandonBandon, County Cork
Bandon is a town in County Cork, Ireland. With a population of 5,822 as of census 2006, Bandon lies on the River Bandon between two hills. The name in Irish means "Bridge of the Bandon", a reference to the origin of the town as a crossing-point on the river. In 2004 Bandon celebrated its...
, County Cork
County Cork
County Cork is a county in Ireland. It is located in the South-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Cork . Cork County Council is the local authority for the county...
was one of the last great houses burned during the troubles of the 1920s by an Irish Republican Army
Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army was an Irish republican revolutionary military organisation. It was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the Easter Rising in April 1916...
party under Sean Hales
Sean Hales
Sean Hales was an Irish political activist in the early 20th century. Hales was born in Ballinadee, County Cork, where he and his brothers Tom, Donal and Robert were involved in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence.At the 1921 elections Hales was elected to the Second...
on 21 June 1921 as a counter-reprisal measure against British policy to burn Irish homes in districts in which the British had declared martial law
Martial law
Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis— only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively , when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law...
. Tom Barry
Tom Barry
Thomas Barry was one of the most prominent guerrilla leaders in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence.-Early life:...
, the leader of the local IRA, claimed they burned two "big houses" for every one Irish peasant's cottage destroyed.
Kidnapping
Lord Bandon was also kidnapped by the local IRA and held hostage for six weeks being released on 12 July. The IRA threated to have him executed if the British went ahead with executing IRA prisoners. During his captivity, Bandon coolly played cards with his captors, who treated him well. Tom Barry later stated he believed the kidnapping helped move the British towards the Anglo-Irish TreatyAnglo-Irish Treaty
The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of...
of 1921 and the cessation of hostilities.
Estate
He reorganised his various CorkCounty Cork
County Cork is a county in Ireland. It is located in the South-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Cork . Cork County Council is the local authority for the county...
estates by way of settlement in 1876 and further in 1895 and 1896 including the mortgaging of the lands to his agents Richard Wheeler Doherty, and the appointment of George and John Jones and Doherty as his attorneys.