James Macaulay
Encyclopedia
James Macaulay was the Chief Medical Officer of Upper Canada
.
, Scotland
, the son of a clergyman. He gained a commission into the army as a surgeon and served with the Queen's Rangers
during the American Revolution
. In 1785, he joined the 33rd Regiment of Foot. In 1791, he arrived in Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake
) in Upper Canada at the invitation of the new Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe
, his former commander in the Queen's Rangers, whose wife, Elizabeth Simcoe
, had known Macaulay's wife in England
, and the two became firm friends in Canada
.
, England
, in 1790. She was the daughter of Naval Lieutenant Samuel Hayter (1737–1800) of Wareham
Priory, formerly of East Creech Manor, Isle of Purbeck
, Dorset
, a grandson of Captain Seth Jermy
. They were the parents of four sons and four daughters. Two sons died in early manhood, leaving the remaining two sons, John Simcoe Macaulay
and Sir James Buchanan Macaulay
. Their eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married The Hon. Christopher Alexander Hagerman
, and they were the parents of Mrs John Beverley Robinson
. The second daughter, Mary, married The Hon. John William Gamble
, and another daughter, Sarah, married The Hon. John Solomon Cartwright
.
) when the provincial capital was transferred there. Macaulay acquired several large parcels of land due to his military service and helped by his close friendship to the Lieutenant-Governor. Macaulay was in charge of the hospitals in Upper and Lower Canada
until he was replaced in 1808. During the War of 1812
, he helped set up military hospitals. He served on the first Medical Board of Upper Canada and was the chief medical officer for the province from 1819 until his death in 1822. Described as 'an assiduous collector of land', before 1800 alone he had acquired 5300 acres (21.4 km²) in and around York (Toronto). His home was called Teraulay Cottage http://www.lostrivers.ca/points/macaulay.htm Governor John Graves Simcoe
described his friend Macaulay as "a young man attached to his profession, and of that docile, patient, and industrious turn... that will willingly direct itself to any pursuit." The York Observer reported at his death,
It becomes our painful duty to communicate to our readers the decease of Dr Macaulay of this town. In the death of this truly valuable member of scoiety, charity has lost its best supporter, and the unfortunate emigrants their best friend. He was ever ready to wait upon and relieve the forlorn stranger not only with his medicine, but with his purse; and it is to be hoped that those gentlemen who are left behind will endeavour to immitate his unbounded liberality. The House of Assembly and the Honourable Legislative Council adjorned to attend the funeral.
Upper Canada
The Province of Upper Canada was a political division in British Canada established in 1791 by the British Empire to govern the central third of the lands in British North America and to accommodate Loyalist refugees from the United States of America after the American Revolution...
.
Military career
In 1759, James Macaulay was born in Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
, the son of a clergyman. He gained a commission into the army as a surgeon and served with the Queen's Rangers
The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)
The Queen's York Rangers R.C.A.C. is a Canadian Forces Primary Reserve regiment based in Toronto and Aurora. The regiment is part of Land Force Central Area's 32 Canadian Brigade Group. The regiment consists of two reconnaissance squadrons, A Sqn in Aurora and B Sqn in Toronto, and a Headquarters...
during the American Revolution
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
. In 1785, he joined the 33rd Regiment of Foot. In 1791, he arrived in Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake
Niagara-on-the-Lake
Niagara-on-the-Lake is a Canadian town located in Southern Ontario where the Niagara River meets Lake Ontario in the Niagara Region of the southern part of the province of Ontario. It is located across the Niagara river from Youngstown, New York, USA...
) in Upper Canada at the invitation of the new Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe
John Graves Simcoe
John Graves Simcoe was a British army officer and the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1791–1796. Then frontier, this was modern-day southern Ontario and the watersheds of Georgian Bay and Lake Superior...
, his former commander in the Queen's Rangers, whose wife, Elizabeth Simcoe
Elizabeth Simcoe
Elizabeth Simcoe was an artist and diarist in colonial Canada. She was the wife of John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada.-Biography:...
, had known Macaulay's wife in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, and the two became firm friends in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
.
Family
Macaulay and his wife, Elizabeth Tuck Hayter (1770–1809), were married at AlverstokeAlverstoke
Alverstoke is a parish in the borough of Gosport, Hampshire, England, that encompasses land stretching from Haslar to Stokes Bay. Alverstoke lies within half a mile of the shore of Stokes Bay and near the head of a creek which extends a mile westward from Portsmouth Harbour...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, in 1790. She was the daughter of Naval Lieutenant Samuel Hayter (1737–1800) of Wareham
Wareham, Dorset
Wareham is an historic market town and, under the name Wareham Town, a civil parish, in the English county of Dorset. The town is situated on the River Frome eight miles southwest of Poole.-Situation and geography:...
Priory, formerly of East Creech Manor, Isle of Purbeck
Isle of Purbeck
The Isle of Purbeck, not a true island but a peninsula, is in the county of Dorset, England. It is bordered by the English Channel to the south and east, where steep cliffs fall to the sea; and by the marshy lands of the River Frome and Poole Harbour to the north. Its western boundary is less well...
, Dorset
Dorset
Dorset , is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974...
, a grandson of Captain Seth Jermy
Seth Jermy
Captain Seth Jermy was an officer of the Royal Navy, famous for fighting a particularly hard-fought action against an overwhelming French force while commander of .-Family and early life:...
. They were the parents of four sons and four daughters. Two sons died in early manhood, leaving the remaining two sons, John Simcoe Macaulay
John Simcoe Macaulay
Colonel The Hon. John Simcoe Macaulay was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada. In 1845, he donated the land on which the Church of the Holy Trinity was built.-Early Life:...
and Sir James Buchanan Macaulay
James Buchanan Macaulay
Colonel Sir James Buchannan Macaulay, CB was a Canadian lawyer and judge.Macaulay, born at Newark, Upper Canada, 3 December 1793, was the second son of James Macaulay by his wife Elizabeth Tuck Hayter...
. Their eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married The Hon. Christopher Alexander Hagerman
Christopher Alexander Hagerman
Lt.-Col The Hon. Christopher Alexander Hagerman was a Canadian militia officer, politician, and judge.Known as 'Handsome Kit', he was born at the Bay of Quinte, Adolphustown, the son of United Empire Loyalist Major Nicholas Hagerman J.P., and his wife Anne , sister of Judge Alexander Fisher M.P.,...
, and they were the parents of Mrs John Beverley Robinson
John Beverley Robinson
John Beverley Robinson was elected mayor of Toronto in 1856. He was the fifth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario between the years 1880–1887....
. The second daughter, Mary, married The Hon. John William Gamble
John William Gamble
John William Gamble was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada and Canada West.He was born in York in 1799 and grew up in Kingston. He operated a store with his brother William. He settled in Etobicoke Township, but later moved to Pine Grove in Vaughan, Township, where he set up a...
, and another daughter, Sarah, married The Hon. John Solomon Cartwright
John Solomon Cartwright
Lt.-Col. The Hon. John Solomon Cartwright QC was a businessman, lawyer, judge, farmer and political figure....
.
Life at York, Upper Canada
Again with Simcoe, they moved to York (TorontoToronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...
) when the provincial capital was transferred there. Macaulay acquired several large parcels of land due to his military service and helped by his close friendship to the Lieutenant-Governor. Macaulay was in charge of the hospitals in Upper and Lower Canada
Lower Canada
The Province of Lower Canada was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence...
until he was replaced in 1808. During the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
, he helped set up military hospitals. He served on the first Medical Board of Upper Canada and was the chief medical officer for the province from 1819 until his death in 1822. Described as 'an assiduous collector of land', before 1800 alone he had acquired 5300 acres (21.4 km²) in and around York (Toronto). His home was called Teraulay Cottage http://www.lostrivers.ca/points/macaulay.htm Governor John Graves Simcoe
John Graves Simcoe
John Graves Simcoe was a British army officer and the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1791–1796. Then frontier, this was modern-day southern Ontario and the watersheds of Georgian Bay and Lake Superior...
described his friend Macaulay as "a young man attached to his profession, and of that docile, patient, and industrious turn... that will willingly direct itself to any pursuit." The York Observer reported at his death,
It becomes our painful duty to communicate to our readers the decease of Dr Macaulay of this town. In the death of this truly valuable member of scoiety, charity has lost its best supporter, and the unfortunate emigrants their best friend. He was ever ready to wait upon and relieve the forlorn stranger not only with his medicine, but with his purse; and it is to be hoped that those gentlemen who are left behind will endeavour to immitate his unbounded liberality. The House of Assembly and the Honourable Legislative Council adjorned to attend the funeral.