Jan I the Scholastic
Encyclopedia
Jan I the Scholastic was a Duke of Oświęcim
from 1324 until his death.
He was the eldest child and only son of Duke Władysław of Oświęcim
by his wife Euphrosyne
, daughter of Duke Boleslaus II of Masovia
.
in Kraków
.
After Władysław's death in 1324, Jan succeeded him in Oświęcim
and in consequence was forced to leave his spiritual career. During the first year of his reign (1324–1325), he was placed under the regency of his mother, the Dowager Duchess Euphrosyne, who remained involved in the government of he Duchy until her death, in 1329.
Even after he left his Church career, Jan continued to receive the revenues generated from his former title of Scholastic in Krakow, which caused the intervention of Pope Gregory XI
: Jan was forced to pay 5,000 fines and 500 florins as compensation for damages. The participation of troops who attacked the monasteries of Mogile and Rudy, both in Jan's territory, was not without significance.
In foreign policy, Jan became a faithful ally of the House of Luxembourg
. On 24 February 1327, together with the other Piast Dukes, Jan paid homage to King John of Bohemia in Opawa
. In 1336, Jan was forced to accept the annexation of the Duchy of Racibórz
to the Přemyslid Duchy of Opawa
.
In 1355 Jan participated in the Congress of Prague
, where a dispute was resolved between the Dukes of Cieszyn and Oleśnica
for the division of the Duchy of Bytom. The dispute was only resolved after Jan's mediation in 1369.
Jan died in 1372 and was buried in the Dominican
monastery in Oświęcim. His generosity to the Church was recognized by the Provincial Chapter of Płock in 1372, when prayers for the soul of the deceased Duke were ordered in the whole country.
Around 1359, Jan married secondly Salome (b. ca. 1345/50 - d. aft. 9 November 1400), daughter of Henry II Reuss
, Vogt
of Plauen
. They had no children.
Oswiecim
Oświęcim is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland, situated west of Kraków, near the confluence of the rivers Vistula and Soła.- History :...
from 1324 until his death.
He was the eldest child and only son of Duke Władysław of Oświęcim
Władysław of Oświęcim
Władysław of Oświęcim , was a Duke of Oświęcim from 1315 until his death.He was the eldest son of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn by his wife, probably called Grzymisława.-Life:...
by his wife Euphrosyne
Euphrosyne of Masovia
Euphrosyne of Masovia also known as Eufrozja was Duchess of Auschwitz by her marriage.Euphrosyne was the daughter of Boleslaus II of Masovia, Prince of Plock and his second wife Kunigunde, daughter of Ottokar II of Bohemia. Genealogist Oswald Balzer determined that it was most likely that...
, daughter of Duke Boleslaus II of Masovia
Boleslaus II of Masovia
Boleslaw II of Masovia or Boleslaw II of Płock was a ruler of Masovia. He was the younger brother Konrad II of Masovia and son of Siemowit I of Masovia. His mother was Pereyaslava , daughter of Daniel of Galicia....
.
Life
Despite the fact that he was the only heir of his father, Jan was destined since his childhood for a church career. On 15 December 1321 he received the title of ScholasticScholasticism
Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100–1500, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending orthodoxy in an increasingly pluralistic context...
in Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
.
After Władysław's death in 1324, Jan succeeded him in Oświęcim
Oswiecim
Oświęcim is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland, situated west of Kraków, near the confluence of the rivers Vistula and Soła.- History :...
and in consequence was forced to leave his spiritual career. During the first year of his reign (1324–1325), he was placed under the regency of his mother, the Dowager Duchess Euphrosyne, who remained involved in the government of he Duchy until her death, in 1329.
Even after he left his Church career, Jan continued to receive the revenues generated from his former title of Scholastic in Krakow, which caused the intervention of Pope Gregory XI
Pope Gregory XI
Gregory XI was pope from 1370 until his death.-Biography:He was born Pierre Roger de Beaufort, in Maumont, in the modern commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin around 1336. He succeeded Pope Urban V in 1370, and was pope until 1378...
: Jan was forced to pay 5,000 fines and 500 florins as compensation for damages. The participation of troops who attacked the monasteries of Mogile and Rudy, both in Jan's territory, was not without significance.
In foreign policy, Jan became a faithful ally of the House of Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...
. On 24 February 1327, together with the other Piast Dukes, Jan paid homage to King John of Bohemia in Opawa
Opawa
Opawa is an inner suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, located 2.5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.The name is a contraction of Opaawaho, which means a place of an outer pā or outpost in Māori. Opaawaho or Ōpāwaho is the Māori name for the Heathcote River....
. In 1336, Jan was forced to accept the annexation of the Duchy of Racibórz
Racibórz
Racibórz is a town in southern Poland with 60,218 inhabitants situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship...
to the Přemyslid Duchy of Opawa
Opawa
Opawa is an inner suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, located 2.5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.The name is a contraction of Opaawaho, which means a place of an outer pā or outpost in Māori. Opaawaho or Ōpāwaho is the Māori name for the Heathcote River....
.
In 1355 Jan participated in the Congress of Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
, where a dispute was resolved between the Dukes of Cieszyn and Oleśnica
Olesnica
Oleśnica is a town in the Trzebnickie Hills in southwestern Poland with 36,951 inhabitants . It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship...
for the division of the Duchy of Bytom. The dispute was only resolved after Jan's mediation in 1369.
Jan died in 1372 and was buried in the Dominican
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
monastery in Oświęcim. His generosity to the Church was recognized by the Provincial Chapter of Płock in 1372, when prayers for the soul of the deceased Duke were ordered in the whole country.
Marriage and issue
The name of Jan's first wife was unknown. They had one son:- Jan IIJan II of OświęcimJan II of Oświęcim was a Duke of Oświęcim since 1372 until his death.He was the only son of Jan I the Scholastic, Duke of Oświęcim, by his first unknown wife.-Life:...
(b. ca. 1344/51 - d. 19 February 1376).
Around 1359, Jan married secondly Salome (b. ca. 1345/50 - d. aft. 9 November 1400), daughter of Henry II Reuss
Reuss
Reuss was the name of several historical states located in present-day Thuringia, Germany. Its rulers, the Reuss family, named all of their male children Heinrich after the end of the 12th century in honour of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor , to whom they owed the estates of Weida and Gera...
, Vogt
Vogt
A Vogt ; plural Vögte; Dutch voogd; Danish foged; ; ultimately from Latin [ad]vocatus) in the Holy Roman Empire was the German title of a reeve or advocate, an overlord exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice...
of Plauen
Plauen
Plauen is a town in the Free State of Saxony, east-central Germany.It is the capital of the Vogtlandkreis. The town is situated near the border of Bavaria and the Czech Republic.Plauen's slogan is Plauen - echt Spitze.-History:...
. They had no children.