Jean Thierry du Mont, comte de Gages
Encyclopedia
Jean Bonaventure Thierry du Mont, comte de Gages (Mons
, now in Belgium
, 27 December 1682 – Pamplona
, Spain
, 31 January 1753), Viceroy of Navarre, 1746–1753, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
in 1745, was a Flemish
- Walloon
born Spanish General who was awarded by king Philip V of Spain
in 1745, the first Bourbon house legal king of Spain since 1713 as a consequence of the European Truces, Treaty of Utrecht
, 1713, derived from the Spanish War of Succession, 1700–1713, the title of "Conde", "Count", of Gages, near Brugelette
in Hainaut
(formerly part of the Spanish Netherlands, but under Austrian control since the Treaty of Utrecht
).
Milan
had been conquered by Spanish
troops to Austria
n Imperial troops previously in 1734 within the context of the European dispute known as the War of Polish Succession, 1733 - 1735. Between February - September 1734, they stormed and conquered successively, with the help of the Italian born soldiers, too, Naples
, Bitonto
, Milan
and Sicily
.
11 years later, in 1745, there were battles again between the French
-Spanish
coalition, commanded by Infante Felipe
, son of king Philip V of Spain
, asssisted between others by the French Marshal Maillebois
, and the Spanish General J.B.T. du Mont, and the Austria
n-Sardinian
coalition, backed by England
.
As Captain General
, he led the Spanish and Neapolitan armies in Italy
against the Austrian Empire
during the bloody and widely extended European War, War of the Austrian Succession
,(1740–1748), a.k.a King George's War
in North America, and incorporating the War of Jenkins' Ear
with Spain, between other armed conflicts .
On February 8, 1743, he met the Austrians and Sardinia
ns at the Battle of Campo Santo
, followd later from September to December 1745 by the 2nd Battle of Milan, 1745 which was widely considered a victory in Madrid
.
When Marshal Saxe defeated the British Army
at Battle of Fontenoy
in 1745 and overran the Low Countries
, the Spanish Crown granted du Mont the county
of Gages, near his birth place but then occupied by the Austrians since 1713.
Meanwhile, "Juan de Gages" as he was usually described by his troops, with his Spanish- Neapolitan soldiers , fought against the Austrians
in the Milanese
and Piedmont
, Parma
and Piacenza
supported by the Genoese
, too. Towards the end of 1745 Alexandria
and Milan
were conquered also, but king Philip V, heavily crippled and absolutely mad for many years died, aged 63, on 9 July 1746 . His second wife, protective, energetic and ambitious Queen of Spain and former Italian Princess Elizabeth of Parma, had achieved "status" for , at least, some of her own children with the next king, Ferdinand VI of Spain
as the new king of Spain half brother, Charles, was ruling over half of the actual Italy, being king Charles VII of Naples, also king of Sicily
.
Further, the count of Gages could not hold the Austrians in Piacenza
, (16 June 1746), neither in Tidone, (10 August 1746). Time to be send elsewhere was ticking then.
The Austrians took back Milan on 18 March 1746 and the Spanish-Neapolitan troops were beaten by the Austrians at Piacenza
and Tidone . Enough was enough, moneywise and blood wise, too, probably. The new king of Spain, Ferdinand VI of Spain
, the half brother of Naples and Sicily king Charles, later also king of Spain under the name Charles III of Spain
also seriously mentally ill, was probably well advised to stop all these adventurous, costly, wars.
Flemish born Juan Buenaventura Thierry du Mont was then awarded the title of Viceroy of Navarre in 1749. Some 4 years later he died there, in Pamplona
, 1753. He was much interested in paving adequately many roads used during many centuries taking particular care on any Roman remains in or around such roads. His tomb was moved several times, specially during the Napoleonic Wars
to avoid desecration
by the French Imperial soldiers and after two or more moves it is found still in Pamplona
Cathedral.
A page with all the Viceroys of Navarre from about 1512 to about 1841. For some reason, till now, 1 July 2010, the Viceroys of Navarre after the year 1700 can not be found in many Ecyclopediae and/or in the Wikipedia lists in other languages different than Spanish
EL CONDE DE GAGES, VIRREY DE NAVARRA DURANTE 1749-1753 by Ana Mendioroz Lacambra, published in Cuadernos del Marqués de San Adrián", reported as under the address:
http://www.uned.es/ca-tudela/.../ana_mendiorozindex.htm
Some 80 color photographs, probably copyrighted for no educational purposes, as they can be purchased, of Gothic style Pamplona Cathedral. The gotic tombstones of many Navarrese kings and their wives are fabulous.
Mons
Mons is a Walloon city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut, of which it is the capital. The Mons municipality includes the old communes of Cuesmes, Flénu, Ghlin, Hyon, Nimy, Obourg, Baudour , Jemappes, Ciply, Harmignies, Harveng, Havré, Maisières, Mesvin, Nouvelles,...
, now in Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, 27 December 1682 – Pamplona
Pamplona
Pamplona is the historial capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former kingdom of Navarre.The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, 31 January 1753), Viceroy of Navarre, 1746–1753, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
in 1745, was a Flemish
Flemish
Flemish can refer to anything related to Flanders, and may refer directly to the following articles:*Flemish, an informal, though linguistically incorrect, name of any kind of the Dutch language as spoken in Belgium....
- Walloon
Walloons
Walloons are a French-speaking people who live in Belgium, principally in Wallonia. Walloons are a distinctive community within Belgium, important historical and anthropological criteria bind Walloons to the French people. More generally, the term also refers to the inhabitants of the Walloon...
born Spanish General who was awarded by king Philip V of Spain
Philip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...
in 1745, the first Bourbon house legal king of Spain since 1713 as a consequence of the European Truces, Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, comprises a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713...
, 1713, derived from the Spanish War of Succession, 1700–1713, the title of "Conde", "Count", of Gages, near Brugelette
Brugelette
Brugelette is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. On January 1, 2006 Brugelette had a total population of 3,284. The total area is 28.40 km² which gives a population density of 116 inhabitants per km².- External links :*...
in Hainaut
County of Hainaut
The County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries with its capital at Mons . In English sources it is often given the archaic spelling Hainault....
(formerly part of the Spanish Netherlands, but under Austrian control since the Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, comprises a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713...
).
Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
had been conquered by Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
troops to Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n Imperial troops previously in 1734 within the context of the European dispute known as the War of Polish Succession, 1733 - 1735. Between February - September 1734, they stormed and conquered successively, with the help of the Italian born soldiers, too, Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Bitonto
Bitonto
Bitonto is a city and comune in the province of Bari , Italy. It is nicknamed the "City of Olives" due to the numerous olive groves surrounding the city.-Geography:...
, Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
and Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
.
11 years later, in 1745, there were battles again between the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
-Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
coalition, commanded by Infante Felipe
Philip, Duke of Parma
Philip of Spain was Duke of Parma from 1748 to 1765. He founded the House of Bourbon-Parma , a cadet line of the Spanish branch of the dynasty...
, son of king Philip V of Spain
Philip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...
, asssisted between others by the French Marshal Maillebois
Maillebois
Maillebois is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
, and the Spanish General J.B.T. du Mont, and the Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n-Sardinian
Sardinian
Sardinian can refer to:* Sardinia* Sardinian people* Sardinian language* Sardinian...
coalition, backed by England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
As Captain General
Captain General
Captain general is a high military rank and a gubernatorial title.-History:This term Captain General started to appear in the 14th century, with the meaning of commander in chief of an army in the field, probably the first usage of the term General in military settings...
, he led the Spanish and Neapolitan armies in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
against the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
during the bloody and widely extended European War, War of the Austrian Succession
War of the Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession – including King George's War in North America, the Anglo-Spanish War of Jenkins' Ear, and two of the three Silesian wars – involved most of the powers of Europe over the question of Maria Theresa's succession to the realms of the House of Habsburg.The...
,(1740–1748), a.k.a King George's War
King George's War
King George's War is the name given to the operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession . It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars. It took place primarily in the British provinces of New York, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Nova Scotia...
in North America, and incorporating the War of Jenkins' Ear
War of Jenkins' Ear
The War of Jenkins' Ear was a conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748, with major operations largely ended by 1742. Its unusual name, coined by Thomas Carlyle in 1858, relates to Robert Jenkins, captain of a British merchant ship, who exhibited his severed ear in...
with Spain, between other armed conflicts .
On February 8, 1743, he met the Austrians and Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
ns at the Battle of Campo Santo
Battle of Campo Santo
The Battle of Campo Santo was fought in Campo Santo, Italy on 8 February 1743 between Spain and Austria, as part of the War of the Austrian Succession. The Spaniards and their Neapolitan allies under General De Gages were fought to a standstill by the Austrians and their Sardinian allies under...
, followd later from September to December 1745 by the 2nd Battle of Milan, 1745 which was widely considered a victory in Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
.
When Marshal Saxe defeated the British Army
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...
at Battle of Fontenoy
Battle of Fontenoy
The Battle of Fontenoy, 11 May 1745, was a major engagement of the War of the Austrian Succession, fought between the forces of the Pragmatic Allies – comprising mainly Dutch, British, and Hanoverian troops under the nominal command of the Duke of Cumberland – and a French army under Maurice de...
in 1745 and overran the Low Countries
Low Countries
The Low Countries are the historical lands around the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse rivers, including the modern countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany....
, the Spanish Crown granted du Mont the county
County
A county is a jurisdiction of local government in certain modern nations. Historically in mainland Europe, the original French term, comté, and its equivalents in other languages denoted a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count A county is a jurisdiction of local government in certain...
of Gages, near his birth place but then occupied by the Austrians since 1713.
Meanwhile, "Juan de Gages" as he was usually described by his troops, with his Spanish- Neapolitan soldiers , fought against the Austrians
Austrians
Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....
in the Milanese
Milanese
Milanese is the central variety of the Western Lombard language spoken in the city and province of Milan....
and Piedmont
Piedmont
Piedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Provinces of...
, Parma
Parma
Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its ham, its cheese, its architecture and the fine countryside around it. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world....
and Piacenza
Piacenza
Piacenza is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Piacenza...
supported by the Genoese
Genoese
Genoese may refer to:* A person from Genoa* The Genoese dialect a variant of main Ligurian language* The Republic of Genoa, a state in Liguria from ca. 1100 to 1805 with various possessions in the Mediterranean...
, too. Towards the end of 1745 Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
and Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
were conquered also, but king Philip V, heavily crippled and absolutely mad for many years died, aged 63, on 9 July 1746 . His second wife, protective, energetic and ambitious Queen of Spain and former Italian Princess Elizabeth of Parma, had achieved "status" for , at least, some of her own children with the next king, Ferdinand VI of Spain
Ferdinand VI of Spain
Ferdinand VI , called the Learnt, was King of Spain from 9 July 1746 until his death. He was the fourth son of the previous monarch Philip V and his first wife Maria Luisa of Savoy...
as the new king of Spain half brother, Charles, was ruling over half of the actual Italy, being king Charles VII of Naples, also king of Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
.
Further, the count of Gages could not hold the Austrians in Piacenza
Piacenza
Piacenza is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Piacenza...
, (16 June 1746), neither in Tidone, (10 August 1746). Time to be send elsewhere was ticking then.
The Austrians took back Milan on 18 March 1746 and the Spanish-Neapolitan troops were beaten by the Austrians at Piacenza
Piacenza
Piacenza is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Piacenza...
and Tidone . Enough was enough, moneywise and blood wise, too, probably. The new king of Spain, Ferdinand VI of Spain
Ferdinand VI of Spain
Ferdinand VI , called the Learnt, was King of Spain from 9 July 1746 until his death. He was the fourth son of the previous monarch Philip V and his first wife Maria Luisa of Savoy...
, the half brother of Naples and Sicily king Charles, later also king of Spain under the name Charles III of Spain
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese...
also seriously mentally ill, was probably well advised to stop all these adventurous, costly, wars.
Flemish born Juan Buenaventura Thierry du Mont was then awarded the title of Viceroy of Navarre in 1749. Some 4 years later he died there, in Pamplona
Pamplona
Pamplona is the historial capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former kingdom of Navarre.The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions...
, 1753. He was much interested in paving adequately many roads used during many centuries taking particular care on any Roman remains in or around such roads. His tomb was moved several times, specially during the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
to avoid desecration
Desecration
Desecration is the act of depriving something of its sacred character, or the disrespectful or contemptuous treatment of that which is held to be sacred or holy by a group or individual.-Detail:...
by the French Imperial soldiers and after two or more moves it is found still in Pamplona
Pamplona
Pamplona is the historial capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former kingdom of Navarre.The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions...
Cathedral.
Some references
- http://www.diariodenavarra.es/decimoaniversario/noticias/20051030/semana/tumbas-historia.html?id=20051030&dia=20051030&ht=20051030/semana/tumbas-historia
- http://www.asasve.es/portal/index.php?mod=article&cat=articulos&article=63.
A page with all the Viceroys of Navarre from about 1512 to about 1841. For some reason, till now, 1 July 2010, the Viceroys of Navarre after the year 1700 can not be found in many Ecyclopediae and/or in the Wikipedia lists in other languages different than Spanish
- http://www.uned.es/ca-tudela/revista2/REVISTA5/n003/ana_mendiorozindex.htm. This is an IT access to the article:
EL CONDE DE GAGES, VIRREY DE NAVARRA DURANTE 1749-1753 by Ana Mendioroz Lacambra, published in Cuadernos del Marqués de San Adrián", reported as under the address:
http://www.uned.es/ca-tudela/.../ana_mendiorozindex.htm
- http://www.oronoz.com/paginas/muestrafotostitulos.php?pedido=NAVARRA%20PAMPLONA%20CATEDRAL-INTERIOR&tabla=Claves
Some 80 color photographs, probably copyrighted for no educational purposes, as they can be purchased, of Gothic style Pamplona Cathedral. The gotic tombstones of many Navarrese kings and their wives are fabulous.
- Los Ingenieros militares en España, siglo XVIII: repertorio biográfico e inventario de su labor científica y espacial by Horacio Capel Sáez et al. , Edic. Univ. Barcelona, 483 pages, (1983). ISBN 84-7528-117-6
- Los ingenieros militares de la Monarquía Hispánica en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Coord. by Alicia Cámara, Ministerio de Defensa, Madrid, (2005), some 381 pages.