Jiménez
Encyclopedia
See below for disambiguation of the names Jiménez and Ximenes
Portuguese surnames
A typical Portuguese name is composed of one or two given names, and two family names. The first surname is usually the mother's family surname and the second surname is the father's family surname, however, the order of the surnames can be reversed and it is common to find people with three or...



Jiménez [archaic Ximénez/Ximenes] is a surname
Surname
A surname is a name added to a given name and is part of a personal name. In many cases, a surname is a family name. Many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name"...

 of Iberian
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...

 origin, first appearing in the Basque lands. Jiménez is a patronymic
Patronymic
A patronym, or patronymic, is a component of a personal name based on the name of one's father, grandfather or an even earlier male ancestor. A component of a name based on the name of one's mother or a female ancestor is a matronymic. Each is a means of conveying lineage.In many areas patronyms...

 construction from the modern-styled given name
Given name
A given name, in Western contexts often referred to as a first name, is a personal name that specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially in a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name...

 Jimeno
Jimeno
Jimeno is a given name derived from Ximen, a variant of the medieval Basque given name Semen, the origins of which arose in the Basque regions, then its use spread west across northern Spain into Castile and Galicia, then followed the Reconquista south during medieval times...

, plus the Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

 suffix
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs...

 -ez, meaning "son [of]". The root appears to stem from Basque seme ('son'), attested in the Aquitanian
Aquitanian language
The Aquitanian language was spoken in ancient Aquitaine before the Roman conquest and, probably much later, until the Early Middle Ages....

 inscriptions as Sembeconnis and like forms. Variants of the surname include the archaic Ximénez, Jimenes, Ximenes, Giménez
Giménez
People called Giménez or Gimenez include:*Carlos Giménez , Venezuelan politician*Carlos A. Gimenez , Cuban commissioner*Ceferino Giménez Malla , Spanish catechist*Chris Gimenez , US-American professional baseball player...

, Gimenes, as well as Chimeno, and Semenes.

In Spanish orthography
Orthography
The orthography of a language specifies a standardized way of using a specific writing system to write the language. Where more than one writing system is used for a language, for example Kurdish, Uyghur, Serbian or Inuktitut, there can be more than one orthography...

, when the stress of a word falls on the penultimate syllable
Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus with optional initial and final margins .Syllables are often considered the phonological "building...

 and the word ends with an "N
N
N is the fourteenth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.- History of the forms :One of the most common hieroglyphs, snake, was used in Egyptian writing to stand for a sound like English ⟨J⟩, because the Egyptian word for "snake" was djet...

", "S
S
S is the nineteenth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.-History: Semitic Šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative . Greek did not have this sound, so the Greek sigma came to represent...

" or a vowel
Vowel
In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! , where there is a constriction or closure at some...

, the word need not carry a diacritic
Diacritic
A diacritic is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός . Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the acute and grave are often called accents...

 on the vowel of the stressed syllable (in this case é). In English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 orthography, all variations are commonly written without the diacritic
Diacritic
A diacritic is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός . Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the acute and grave are often called accents...

 -- Jimenez, Ximenez, Gimenez, Jimenes, Ximenes, and Gimenes.

In Portuguese language
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...

 orthography, there is no diacritic
Diacritic
A diacritic is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός . Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the acute and grave are often called accents...

 used for Ximenes.

Portuguese Descent

When the modern name Ximenes has an -es suffix, it is almost certainly of Portuguese, Galician
Galician language
Galician is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Castilian Spanish, as well as in border zones of the neighbouring territories of Asturias and Castile and León.Modern Galician and...

 or Old Spanish origin, as the orthographic change to -ez (and indeed, the consonant shift from X
X
X is the twenty-fourth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Uses:In mathematics, x is commonly used as the name for an independent variable or unknown value. The usage of x to represent an independent or unknown variable can be traced back to the Arabic word šay شيء = “thing,” used in Arabic...

 to J
J
Ĵ or ĵ is a letter in Esperanto orthography representing the sound .While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic...

) was revised in Spain only in the late 18th century. This obviously was not the case in Portugal.

Other languages in Castilian
Castilian people
The Castilian people are the inhabitants of those regions in Spain where most people identify themselves as Castilian. They include Castile-La Mancha, Madrid, and the major part of Castile and León. However, not all regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian...

-dominated lands like Catalonia
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...

, Galicia, Aragon
Aragon
Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...

, etc. often retained the -es ending, and their descendants bear witness to this historical anomaly.

The name Ximenes itself is thought to derive as both surname and place name from the common Iberian territory of Galicia, since Lusophone linguists believe the Galician language
Galician language
Galician is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Castilian Spanish, as well as in border zones of the neighbouring territories of Asturias and Castile and León.Modern Galician and...

 is the forebear of both Modern Portuguese and Modern Spanish.

Ximenes, as such, exists most commonly in Portugal, and in all of the ex-Portuguese Crown territories, especially in Brazil. Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo SDB, GCL is an East Timorese Roman Catholic bishop. Along with José Ramos-Horta, he received the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize for work "towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."...

, Nobel Laureate from East Timor
East Timor
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...

 in 1996, and Brazilian actress, Mariana Ximenes
Mariana Ximenes
Mariana Ximenes do Prado Nuzzi, commonly known as Mariana Ximenes is a Brazilian actress.- Biography :...

, are prime examples of this historical difference.

Notable people

Jimenes
  • Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra (1847–1919), President of the Dominican Republic


Jiménez or Jimenez
  • Alex Jimenez
    May 2007 abduction of US soldiers in Iraq
    The May 2007 abduction of US soldiers in Iraq occurred when Iraqi insurgents attacked a military outpost in Qarghouli, west of Yusufiyah and south of Baghdad, killing four US soldiers and an Iraqi Soldier before capturing Spc. Alex Ramon Jimenez, Pfc. Joseph John Anzack and Pvt. Byron Wayne Fouty...

     (1982–), United States Army soldier missing in action in Iraq and iran
  • Carmita Jiménez
    Carmita Jiménez
    Carmita Jiménez was a Puerto Rican singer who was considered a diva in Puerto Rico. She was born in San Lorenzo....

     (1944–2003), Puerto Rican singer
  • Christian Jimenez
    Christian Jimenez
    Christian Jimenez is an American soccer player of Mexican descent. He is currently without a club, having been waived by Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer in 2007.-Career:...

     (1986–), American soccer player
  • Elvio Jiménez
    Elvio Jiménez
    Felix Elvio Jiménez Rivera is a former Major League Baseball left fielder who appeared in one game for the New York Yankees in 1964. The 5'9", 170 lb...

     (1940–), Major League Baseball player
  • Eustacio Jiménez (1976-2010), a Mexican professional wrestler better known as El Hijo de Cien Caras
  • Flaco Jiménez
    Flaco Jiménez
    Leonardo "Flaco" Jiménez is a Tejano music accordionist from San Antonio, Texas. Jiménez's father, Santiago Jiménez Sr. was a pioneer of conjunto music. He began performing with his father at age seven and recording at age fifteen, as a member of Los Caporales...

     (1939–), Mexican-American musician
  • Francisco Jiménez
    Francisco Jiménez
    Francisco Jiménez was a colonial Nahua noble from Tecamachalco. He served as judge-governor of Tenochtitlan for a year and five months in 1568 and 1569, and was the first outsider to govern Tenochtitlan....

     (1979-), colonial Nahua noble from Tecamachalco
  • Iker Jiménez
    Íker Jiménez
    Iker Jiménez Elizari is a Spanish journalist.He was born in Vitoria, and has a bachelor's degree in journalism from both the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and the European University....

     (1973–), Spanish journalist
  • Jesús Jiménez Zamora
    Jesús Jiménez Zamora
    Jesús María Ciriaco Jiménez Zamora was President of Costa Rica on two occasions:1863 to 1866, and 1868 to 1870.He was popularly elected in 1863, but dissolved Congress two months into his term of office. During his presidency he granted asylum to former Salvadoran President Gen...

    , President of Costa Rica (1863–1866 and 1868–1870)
  • Jose Jimenez (baseball) (1973–), Major League Baseball player
  • José Alfredo Jiménez
    José Alfredo Jiménez
    José Alfredo Jiménez was a Mexican singer-songwriter in the ranchera style whose songs are considered an integral part of Mexico's musical heritage....

     (1926–1973), Mexican singer-songwriter
  • Joyce Jimenez
    Joyce Jimenez
    Joyce Herrín Reintegrado-Egbalic, popularly known by her screen name Joyce Jimenez is a Filipino actress who mainly stars in movies in the Philippines.-Biography:...

     (1978–), Filipino-American actress
  • Juan Ramón Jiménez
    Juan Ramón Jiménez
    Juan Ramón Jiménez Mantecón was a Spanish poet, a prolific writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1956. One of Jiménez's most important contributions to modern poetry was his advocacy of the French concept of "pure poetry."-Biography:Jiménez was born in Moguer, near Huelva, in...

     (1881–1958), Spanish poet, Nobel Laureate

  • Luis Antonio Jiménez (1984–), Chilean soccer player
  • Manny Jiménez
    Manny Jiménez
    Manuel Emilio Jiménez Rivera is a former Major League Baseball left fielder. He played for the Kansas City Athletics...

     (1938–), Major League Baseball player
  • Marcos Pérez Jiménez
    Marcos Pérez Jiménez
    Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez was a soldier and Presidents of Venezuela from 1952 to 1958.-Career:Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez was born in Michelena, Táchira State. His father, Juan Pérez Bustamante, was a farmer; his mother, Adela Jiménez, a schoolteacher...

     (1914–2001), President of Venezuela 1952–1958
  • Michele Jimenez
    Michele Jimenez
    Michele Jimenez is a Classical/Modern dancer from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic currently a Principal Dancer with Het National Ballet in the Netherlands and formerly of The Washington Ballet.-Early life:...

    , ballet dancer
  • Miguel Ángel Jiménez
    Miguel Angel Jiménez
    Miguel Ángel Jiménez Rodríguez is a Spanish professional golfer. He has won 18 times on the European Tour.-Early years:...

     (1964–), top Spanish professional golfer
  • Óscar Jiménez
    Óscar Jiménez
    Óscar Armando Jiménez Campos is a Salvadoran footballer who currently plays for Isidro Metapán in the Salvadoran First Division.-Club career:...

    , Salvadoran footballer
  • Phil Jimenez
    Phil Jimenez
    Phil Jimenez is an American comic book writer, artist and penciller, known for his work as writer/artist on Wonder Woman from 2000 to 2003, as one of the five pencilers of the 2005-2006 miniseries Infinite Crisis, and his collaborations with writer Grant Morrison on New X-Men and The...

     (contemporary), American comic book writer
  • Ramón Jiménez Gaona
    Ramón Jiménez Gaona
    Ramón Jiménez Gaona Arrelano is a retired male discus thrower from Paraguay, who represented his native country at three consecutive Summer Olympics . He twice won the title at the South American Championships .-Achievements:-References:*...

     (1969–), Paraguayan discus thrower
  • Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno
    Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno
    Romualdo Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno served as president of Costa Rica on three separate occasions: 1910 to 1914, 1924 to 1928, and 1932 to 1936.One of the most well known lawyers in Costa Rican history and a University of Santo Tomás graduate...

    , son of Jesús Jiménez Zamora; President of Costa Rica (1910–1914, 1924–1928 and 1932–1936)
  • Roberto Jiménez
    Roberto Jiménez
    Roberto Jiménez is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a striker for Unión Comercio in the Peruvian First Division.-Career:Jiménez began his career in 2003 at Alianza Atlético in the Peruvian Primera División...

     (1983–), Peruvian soccer professional
  • Sérgio Jimenez
    Sérgio Jimenez
    Sérgio Jimenez is a Brazilian racecar driver.-Career:He started his career in 1994 with karting and in 2002 participated in the Formula Renault Brazilian Championship, which he won. In 2006 he participated in the Spanish Formula Three Championship...

     (1984–), Brazilian racing driver
  • Tony Jimenez
    Tony Jimenez
    Tony Jimenez is a London-based property developer and former Vice President for Newcastle United. He is a millionaire because of a series of property developments, which have included hotels and golf courses in Spain, England, and Dubai.Jimenez is friend of former Tottenham boss Juande Ramos and...

    , English property developer and currently appointed Vice President (Player Recruitment) for Newcastle United
    Newcastle United F.C.
    Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear. The club was founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End, and has played at its current home ground, St James' Park, since the merger...



Ximenes
  • Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
    Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
    Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo SDB, GCL is an East Timorese Roman Catholic bishop. Along with José Ramos-Horta, he received the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize for work "towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."...

     (1948–), Roman Catholic Bishop of East Timor, Nobel Laureate
  • Claudio de Jesus Ximenes
    Claudio de Jesus Ximenes
    Cláudio de Jesus Ximenes, is the President of the Court of Appeal of East Timor, first appointed in 2003....

     (contemporary), Supreme Court Chief Justice of East Timor
  • General Sir David Ximenes
    David Ximenes
    Lieutenant-General Sir David Ximenes KCH was a British Army officer, magistrate and Berkshire landowner.He was a descendant of Cardinal Ximenes de Cisneros, the Grand Inquisitor. His family converted to the Anglican faith in the late 18th century and were amongst the first Jewish families to do so...

     (d. 1848), KCH, Berkshire magistrate, owner of stately home Bear Ash, youngest brother of Morris Ximenes
  • Didacus Ximenes
    Didacus Ximenes
    Didacus Ximenes was a Spanish Dominican of the sixteenth century; noted as a theologian, philosopher, and astronomer; d. 1560.-Biography:He took his licentiate in law at Salamanca, and there, before Christmas, 1543, received the habit of the Friars Preachers from the hands of Dominic Soto, then...

     (d. 1560), Spanish monk, theologian, rector of the University of Salamanca
  • Ettore Ximenes
    Ettore Ximenes
    Ettore Ximenes was an Italian sculptor of mostly religious and mythological subjects.- Biography:...

     (1855–1926), Italian sculptor
  • Francisco Ximenes de Cisneros (1436–1517), Spanish Cardinal, inquisitor and statesman (called in his lifetime "Ximenes de Cisneros")
  • João Ximenes Braga
    João Ximenes Braga
    João Ximenes Braga, , is a Brazilian journalist and soap opera writer. He lived in New York City for four years reporting for the news entity, O Globo...

     (contemporary), Brazilian journalist and soap opera writer
  • Julio Ximenes Senior
    Julio Ximenes Senior
    Júlio Ximenes Sênior was a Brazilian scientist and medical doctor, in the research field of biochemistry, microbiology, and was also a career Brazilian Army officer....

     (1901–1975), Brazilian scientist, author, and World War II Army general
  • Leonardo Ximenes
    Leonardo Ximenes
    Leonardo Ximenes was a famous Italian mathematician, engineer, astronomer and geographer from the Tuscany region....

     (1716–1786), Italian mathematician, engineer, astronomer and geographer
  • Mariana Ximenes
    Mariana Ximenes
    Mariana Ximenes do Prado Nuzzi, commonly known as Mariana Ximenes is a Brazilian actress.- Biography :...

     (1981–), Brazilian actress
  • Michel Ximenes
    Michel Ximenes
    Michel Ximenes, , is a French politician, and lawyer. He is a member of Jean-Marie Le Pen's Front National.In the 2002 elections, he ran for the Pas de Calais seat, garnering 13.44% of the total votes.-External links:*]]*...

     (1939–), French politician, lawyer
  • Moäng Ratu Dona Ines Ximenes da Silva of Flores
    Moäng Ratu Dona Ines Ximenes da Silva of Flores
    Moäng Ratu Dona Ines Ximenes da Silva of Flores, in present-day Indonesia, , was the lady sovereign of the island-principality of Flores, and a member of the Portuguese Ximenes da Silva ruling family....

     (c. 1700), lady sovereign and member of the Portuguese Ximenes da Silva ruling family of the island-principality of Flores, in present-day Indonesia
  • Morris Ximenes (c. 1762-1830), English Jewish businessman who converted to Christianity; had a son, also called Sir David Ximenes, named for his uncle
  • Orion Ximenes Filho
    Orion Ximenes Filho
    Orion Ximenes Filho, is a Brazilian actor and voice-over artist.-External links:...

     (1945–), Brazilian actor, voice-over artist
  • Paulo César Ximenes
    Paulo César Ximenes
    Paulo César Ximenes, full name Paulo César Ximenes Alves Ferreira , is a Brazilian economist....

     (1943–), Brazilian economist
  • Sebastiano Ximenes
    Sebastiano Ximenes
    Sebastiano Ximenes was an Italian banker of Portuguese origin in Florence, and noted patron of the Arts. He bought and later renamed the Florentine palace, Palazzo Ximenes de Sangallo -- still a tourist attraction today....

     (c. late-16th century), Italian banker of Portuguese origin in Florence, patron of the Arts
  • Vicente T. Ximenes
    Vicente T. Ximenes
    Among his many achievements, Vicente T. Ximenes continues today as a Mexican-American civil rights leader. Ximenes was raised in the town of Floresville, Texas, where he, along with the Mexican American community, were subjected to racial segregation. After graduating from high school, Ximenes...

     (1919-), US Mexican-American Civil Rights Pioneer, US Politician


Ximenes de Poissy

Illustration for the Ximenes of Poissy
Poissy
Poissy is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the center.In 1561 it was the site of a fruitless Catholic-Huguenot conference, the Colloquy at Poissy...

, France clan. Their descendants also reside in Brazil.

Motto (Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...

): In Deo Æternum (Into God Eternally).

An alternate coat of arms is assigned to the Ximenes of Bear Ash/Place clan by the College of Arms
College of Arms
The College of Arms, or Heralds’ College, is an office regulating heraldry and granting new armorial bearings for England, Wales and Northern Ireland...

, in the United Kingdom. The coat of arms is described as follows, "Ximenes of Bear Place. Or two bars gules with a pale countercoloured over all and a border azure."

Ximénez
  • Fortún Ximénez
    Fortún Ximénez
    Fortún Ximénez was Spanish sailor who led a mutiny during an early expedition along the coast of Mexico and is the first European known to have landed in Baja California....

     (unknown–1533), Spanish sailor and founder of first known European settlement in Baja California
    Baja California
    Baja California officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is both the northernmost and westernmost state of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1953, the area was known as the North...


Pseudonyms

  • Ximenes, pseudonym of Derrick Somerset Macnutt
    Derrick Somerset Macnutt
    Derrick Somerset Macnutt was a British crossword compiler who provided crosswords for The Observer newspaper under the pseudonym Ximenes. He was one of the principal influences on the modern style of cryptic crossword.- Career :...

     (1902–1971), British crossword compiler

Fictional Persons

  • Jose Jimenez, fictional character created by comedian Bill Dana
  • Colonel Jimenez, a corrupt officer in the San Theodoran
    San Theodoros
    San Theodoros is a fictional Central American country in The Adventures of Tintin. It is a satirical version of a Latin American banana republic country under the yoke of military government.-History:...

     military in the fictional work The Broken Ear
    The Broken Ear
    The Broken Ear is the sixth of The Adventures of Tintin, a series of classic comic-strip albums, written and illustrated by Belgian writer and illustrator Hergé, featuring young reporter Tintin as a hero...

    , part of the Adventures of Tintin by Herge
    Hergé
    Georges Prosper Remi , better known by the pen name Hergé, was a Belgian comics writer and artist. His best known and most substantial work is the 23 completed comic books in The Adventures of Tintin series, which he wrote and illustrated from 1929 until his death in 1983, although he was also...


Ruling Dynasty

The Jiménez dynasty
Jiménez dynasty
The Jiménez or Ximenes were an Iberian ruling family from the 10th century to the 13th century. They were the first Europeanisers of Spain and brought her back within the wider European political scene while also giving her the political character and division that persisted until the end of the...

 in 905
905
Year 905 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The Abbasid Caliphate re-establishes control of Egypt from the Tulunids.- Asia :...

 became kings of Pamplona
Pamplona
Pamplona is the historial capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former kingdom of Navarre.The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions...

, eventually expanding control to most of Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

 Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

.

External links

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