John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk
Encyclopedia
John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, KG
(27 September 1442 – between 29 October 1491 and 27 October 1492), known as "the Trimming Duke". He was the son of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk
and Alice Chaucer
, daughter of Thomas Chaucer
.
in February 1453.
Richard, Duke of York
had been a bitter enemy of John's father (executed in 1450), but John supported the House of York
in the Wars of the Roses
.
Sometime before February 1458, John married Elizabeth
, the second surviving daughter of Richard of York and Cecily Neville
. She was the sister of Edward IV
and Richard III
. John was thus brother-in-law of two Kings of England.
The Dukedom of Suffolk had been forfeited when John's father was executed. The title was restored by Edward IV, and John was created Duke of Suffolk by Letters Patent on 23 March 1463. He was Constable of Wallingford Castle
and held the Honour of Wallingford
. In 1472 he was made a Knight of the Garter and appointed High Steward of Oxford University. He was also sometime Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
.
He submitted to Henry VII
after Bosworth Field
. He served Henry loyally, even though three of his sons later rebelled.
He was buried at Wingfield, Suffolk
.
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
(27 September 1442 – between 29 October 1491 and 27 October 1492), known as "the Trimming Duke". He was the son of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk
William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk
William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, KG , nicknamed Jack Napes , was an important English soldier and commander in the Hundred Years' War, and later Lord Chamberlain of England.He also appears prominently in William Shakespeare's Henry VI, part 1 and Henry VI, part 2 and other...
and Alice Chaucer
Alice de la Pole
Alice de la Pole, Duchess of Suffolk was an English Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.Alice was born Alice Chaucer, daughter to Thomas Chaucer and Matilda Burghersh. Her grandfather was the poet Geoffrey Chaucer. When she was 11 she married Sir John Philip. The couple lived briefly at...
, daughter of Thomas Chaucer
Thomas Chaucer
Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:...
.
Life
He was married to Lady Margaret Beaufort on 7 February 1450, though the Papal Dispensation to marry was not signed until 18 August 1450. This marriage was annulled by Henry VIHenry VI of England
Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Contemporaneous accounts described him as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, known as the Wars...
in February 1453.
Richard, Duke of York
Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
Richard Plantagenêt, 3rd Duke of York, 6th Earl of March, 4th Earl of Cambridge, and 7th Earl of Ulster, conventionally called Richard of York was a leading English magnate, great-grandson of King Edward III...
had been a bitter enemy of John's father (executed in 1450), but John supported the House of York
House of York
The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three members of which became English kings in the late 15th century. The House of York was descended in the paternal line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III, but also represented...
in the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars for the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York...
.
Sometime before February 1458, John married Elizabeth
Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk
Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk was the sixth child and third daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville....
, the second surviving daughter of Richard of York and Cecily Neville
Cecily Neville
Cecily Neville, Duchess of York was the wife of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and the mother of two Kings of England: Edward IV and Richard III....
. She was the sister of Edward IV
Edward IV of England
Edward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England...
and Richard III
Richard III of England
Richard III was King of England for two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 during the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty...
. John was thus brother-in-law of two Kings of England.
The Dukedom of Suffolk had been forfeited when John's father was executed. The title was restored by Edward IV, and John was created Duke of Suffolk by Letters Patent on 23 March 1463. He was Constable of Wallingford Castle
Wallingford Castle
Wallingford Castle was a major medieval castle situated in Wallingford in the English county of Oxfordshire , adjacent to the River Thames...
and held the Honour of Wallingford
Honour of Wallingford
The Honour of Wallingford was a medieval English honour located circa 1066 to 1540 in present-day Oxfordshire.The Honour of Wallingford was established after the Norman conquest of England, which began in 1066. The Honour initially encompassed Wallingford and Harpsden and thereafter gained...
. In 1472 he was made a Knight of the Garter and appointed High Steward of Oxford University. He was also sometime Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the British King's representative and head of the Irish executive during the Lordship of Ireland , the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...
.
He submitted to Henry VII
Henry VII of England
Henry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....
after Bosworth Field
Battle of Bosworth Field
The Battle of Bosworth Field was the penultimate battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the House of Lancaster and the House of York that raged across England in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by the Lancastrians...
. He served Henry loyally, even though three of his sons later rebelled.
He was buried at Wingfield, Suffolk
Wingfield, Suffolk
Wingfield is a village in the English county of Suffolk. It is found east of Diss, signposted off B1118, near Eye.Wingfield Castle, which is now a private house, was for many centuries the home of the Wingfield family and their heirs, the De La Poles, Earls and Dukes of Suffolk...
.
Children
He had eleven known children, all by Elizabeth:- John de la Pole, 1st Earl of LincolnJohn de la Pole, 1st Earl of LincolnJohn de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln was the eldest son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk. His mother was the sixth child and third daughter born to Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville...
(c. 1462-16 June 1487). He was designated heir to his maternal uncle Richard III. Married to Lady Margaret FitzAlan and had a son Edward de la Pole, who died young. - Geoffrey de la Pole (b. 1464). Died young.
- Edward de la Pole (1466–1485). ArchdeaconArchdeacon of RichmondThe Archdeacon of Richmond is an archdiaconal post in the Church of England. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Chester.-History:It was created around the year 1088, and was endowed by Thomas, Archbishop of York. It had the valuable impropriations of Easingwold, Bolton, Clapham, and...
of RichmondRichmond, North YorkshireRichmond is a market town and civil parish on the River Swale in North Yorkshire, England and is the administrative centre of the district of Richmondshire. It is situated on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and serves as the Park's main tourist centre...
. - Elizabeth de la Pole (c. 1468-1489). Married to Henry Lovel, 8th Baron MorleyHenry Lovel, 8th Baron MorleyHenry Lovel , 8th Baron Morley was an English peer and translato, Lord of Morley, Hingham, Hockering, &c., in Norfolk....
(1466–1489), without issue. - Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of SuffolkEdmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of SuffolkEdmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, 6th Earl of Suffolk , Duke of Suffolk, was a son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and his wife Elizabeth of York.-Family:...
(1471-30 April 1513). Yorkist pretender in succession to his brother John. Beheaded by order of Henry VIII. - Dorothy de la Pole (b. 1472). Died young.
- Humphrey de la Pole (1474–1513). In Holy OrdersHoly OrdersThe term Holy Orders is used by many Christian churches to refer to ordination or to those individuals ordained for a special role or ministry....
. - Anne de la Pole (1476–1495). NunNunA nun is a woman who has taken vows committing her to live a spiritual life. She may be an ascetic who voluntarily chooses to leave mainstream society and live her life in prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent...
. - Catherine de la Pole (c. 1477-1513). Married to William Stourton, 5th Baron StourtonWilliam Stourton, 5th Baron StourtonWilliam Stourton, 5th Baron Stourton was a younger son of the second Baron Stourton.He succeeded his nephew Francis in 1487. Having no children of his own from his marriage to Catherine de la Pole William Stourton, 5th Baron Stourton (c. 1457 – 1523) was a younger son of the second Baron...
, without issue. - Sir William de la Pole, Knight, of Wingfield CastleWingfield CastleWingfield Castle, Wingfield, Suffolk, England was the ancestral home of the Wingfield family and their heirs, the De La Poles, Earls and Dukes of Suffolk, but is now a private house....
(1478–1539). William was kept in the Tower of LondonTower of LondonHer Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space...
, his date of death is generally regarded as being during late 1539, either October or November. Married Katherine de Stourton, no issue. - Richard de la PoleRichard de la PoleRichard de la Pole was a pretender to the English crown. Commonly nicknamed White Rose, he was the last member of the House of York to actively and openly seek the crown of England...
(1480-24 February 1525). Yorkist pretender in succession to Edmund. Killed at the Battle of PaviaBattle of PaviaThe Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of 24 February 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–26.A Spanish-Imperial army under the nominal command of Charles de Lannoy attacked the French army under the personal command of Francis I of France in the great hunting preserve...
.