Jolo Group
Encyclopedia
Jolo Group is an active group
of volcano
es in the island
of Jolo
in Southern Philippines
.
The Global Volcanism Program
list Jolo as one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines while the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS) collectively list the group as Bud Dajo
, one of the cinder cone
s in the island.
of Mindanao Island. The island is part of the Sulu Archipelago
, in the province
of Sulu, located within the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
, one of the Regions of the Philippines
.
s, tuff cones, pyroclastic cones, maar
s and crater lake
s.
The highest point in the island is Mount Tumatangas with an elevation of 811 metres (2,660.8 ft) asl
. Bud Dajo
has an elevation of 620 metres (2,034.1 ft) asl.
Guimba, Matanding, and Sungal, are some other volcanic cones near Bud Dajo. Four crater lakes are located on the island: Lake Seit, Lake Panamao and Lake Timpuak and Sani Crater Lake. Solfataric activity is found at Seit Lake.
in South Cotabato.
A tsunami
occurred in 1897, believed to have been caused by a local submarine eruption on 21 September 1897. It is possible this eruption was centered at Lake Seit, a volcanic maar
with still active solfatara.
Volcanoes in the Jolo Group are young and considered active on the probable eruptions above.
and andesite
.
Jolo Group is part of the Sulu Volcanic Arc, one of the two northeastern arms of the Sunda Plate
which is in collision with the Philippine Mobile Belt
. It is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity.
Like most volcanos in the former Sultanate of Sulu, the group is little studied scientifically.
All volcanos in the Philippines are part of the Pacific ring of fire
.
Volcanic group
A volcanic group is a collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms. Note that the term is also used in a different sense when it denotes a suite of associated rock strata largely of volcanic origin; see group for details.-Notable volcanic groups:-See also:*Complex...
of volcano
Volcano
2. Bedrock3. Conduit 4. Base5. Sill6. Dike7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano8. Flank| 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano10. Throat11. Parasitic cone12. Lava flow13. Vent14. Crater15...
es in the island
Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or lake may be called an eyot , or holm...
of Jolo
Jolo
Jolo may refer to:* Jolo Island* Jolo, Sulu* Jolo, West Virginia* Jolo is also the nickname of Swedish author Jan Olof Olsson....
in Southern Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
.
The Global Volcanism Program
Global Volcanism Program
The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years. The GVP reports on current eruptions from around the world as well as maintaining a database repository on active volcanoes and their eruptions. In this way, a...
list Jolo as one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines while the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in...
(PHIVOLCS) collectively list the group as Bud Dajo
Bud Dajo
Bud Dajo , is one of the cinder cones that make up the island of Jolo and part of the Jolo Volcanic Group in the Republic of the Philippines. The extinct volcano is located southeast from the town of Jolo in Sulu province...
, one of the cinder cone
Cinder cone
According to the , Cinder Cone is the proper name of 1 cinder cone in Canada and 7 cinder cones in the United States:In Canada: Cinder Cone In the United States:...
s in the island.
Location
Jolo is a volcanic island located 150 kilometres (93.2 mi) southwest of the southern tip of the Zamboanga PeninsulaZamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga Peninsula / Western Mindanao is a peninsula and an administrative region in the Philippines. Designated as Region IX, the region consists of three provinces, namely, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga Sibugay, its component cities of Dipolog, Dapitan, Pagadian, and...
of Mindanao Island. The island is part of the Sulu Archipelago
Sulu Archipelago
The Sulu Archipelago is a chain of islands in the southwestern Philippines. This archipelago is considered to be part of the Moroland by the local rebel independence movement. This island group forms the northern limit of the Celebes Sea....
, in the province
Provinces of the Philippines
The Provinces of the Philippines are the primary political and administrative divisions of the Philippines. There are 80 provinces at present, further subdivided into component cities and municipalities. The National Capital Region, as well as independent cities, are autonomous from any provincial...
of Sulu, located within the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is the region, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that is composed of predominantly Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan , Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. It is the only region that has its own government...
, one of the Regions of the Philippines
Regions of the Philippines
In the Philippines, regions are administrative divisions that serve primarily to organize the provinces of the country for administrative convenience. Currently, the archipelagic republic of the Philippines is divided into 17 regions...
.
Physical features
The figure-eight shaped island is about 60 kilometres (37.3 mi) at its longest, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) at its widest and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) at the narrowest section. The volcanic island is dotted with cinder coneCinder cone
According to the , Cinder Cone is the proper name of 1 cinder cone in Canada and 7 cinder cones in the United States:In Canada: Cinder Cone In the United States:...
s, tuff cones, pyroclastic cones, maar
Maar
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater that is caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption, an explosion caused by groundwater coming into contact with hot lava or magma. A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. The name comes from the local Moselle...
s and crater lake
Crater lake
A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater caused by a meteorite. Sometimes lakes which form inside calderas are called caldera lakes, but often this distinction is not...
s.
The highest point in the island is Mount Tumatangas with an elevation of 811 metres (2,660.8 ft) asl
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
. Bud Dajo
Bud Dajo
Bud Dajo , is one of the cinder cones that make up the island of Jolo and part of the Jolo Volcanic Group in the Republic of the Philippines. The extinct volcano is located southeast from the town of Jolo in Sulu province...
has an elevation of 620 metres (2,034.1 ft) asl.
Guimba, Matanding, and Sungal, are some other volcanic cones near Bud Dajo. Four crater lakes are located on the island: Lake Seit, Lake Panamao and Lake Timpuak and Sani Crater Lake. Solfataric activity is found at Seit Lake.
Volcanic Activity
On January 4, 1641, a volcanic eruption covered much of Mindanao in darkness and sent showers of ash as far as Cebu and Panay. It was reported at the time as being from a small island "opposite the main river of Jolo" and the only possible source of eruption in Jolo is Mount Dakula near Lake Panamao. From recent studies, the eruption was finally attributed to Mount ParkerMount Parker
Mount Parker can refer to:Antarctica:* Mount Parker Canada:* Mount Parker * Mount Parker * Mount Parker Hynes China:* Mount Parker, Hong KongPhilippines:* Mount Parker United States:...
in South Cotabato.
A tsunami
Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large lake...
occurred in 1897, believed to have been caused by a local submarine eruption on 21 September 1897. It is possible this eruption was centered at Lake Seit, a volcanic maar
Maar
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater that is caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption, an explosion caused by groundwater coming into contact with hot lava or magma. A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. The name comes from the local Moselle...
with still active solfatara.
Volcanoes in the Jolo Group are young and considered active on the probable eruptions above.
Geology
Rock type is predominantly basaltBasalt
Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey...
and andesite
Andesite
Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite,...
.
Jolo Group is part of the Sulu Volcanic Arc, one of the two northeastern arms of the Sunda Plate
Sunda Plate
The Sunda Plate is the tectonic plate on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located. It was formerly considered a part of the Eurasian Plate, but GPS measurements have confirmed its independent movement at 10 mm/yr eastward relative to Eurasia...
which is in collision with the Philippine Mobile Belt
Philippine Mobile Belt
The Philippine Mobile Belt is a complex portion of the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, comprising most of the country of the Philippines. It includes two subduction zones, the Manila Trench to the west and the Philippine Trench to the east, as well as the...
. It is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity.
Like most volcanos in the former Sultanate of Sulu, the group is little studied scientifically.
All volcanos in the Philippines are part of the Pacific ring of fire
Pacific Ring of Fire
The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area where large numbers of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. In a horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements...
.
Political
Because of aggravated political unrest, kidnappings of foreigners in 2009, and fighting between political independence and government forces, visitors are strongly recommended to keep away from the Jolo islands.See also
- Active volcanos in the Philippines
- Potentially active volcanos in the Philippines
- Inactive volcanos in the Philippines
- Philippine Institute of Volcanology and SeismologyPhilippine Institute of Volcanology and SeismologyThe Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in...
- VolcanoVolcano2. Bedrock3. Conduit 4. Base5. Sill6. Dike7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano8. Flank| 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano10. Throat11. Parasitic cone12. Lava flow13. Vent14. Crater15...