Joseph Joachim was a Hungarian violin

Violin

The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....

ist, conductor

Conducting

Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. The primary duties of the conductor are to unify performers, set the tempo, execute clear preparations and beats, and to listen critically and shape the sound of the ensemble...

, composer

Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...

 and teacher. A close collaborator of Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...

, he is widely regarded as one of the most significant violinists of the 19th century.

Origins

Joseph Joachim was born in Kittsee

Kittsee

Kittsee is an Austrian municipality in the District of Neusiedl am See, Burgenland.- Geography :Kittsee lies 32 km northeast from Neusiedl am See, on the Slovak border opposite Bratislava, with crossings into the Bratislava suburb of Jarovce...

 (Kopčany / Köpcsény), near Bratislava

Bratislava

Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...

 and Eisenstadt

Eisenstadt

- Politics :The current mayor of Eisenstadt is Andrea Fraunschiel ÖVP.The district council is composed as follows :* ÖVP: 17 seats* SPÖ: 8 seats* Austrian Green Party: 2 seats* FPÖ: 2 seats- Castles and palaces :...

, in today's Burgenland

Burgenland

Burgenland is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. It consists of two Statutarstädte and seven districts with in total 171 municipalities. It is 166 km long from north to south but much narrower from west to east...

 area of Austria

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

. He was the seventh of eight children born to Julius, a wool merchant, and Fanny Joachim who were of Hungarian Jewish origin. His infancy was spent as a member of the Kittsee Kehilla

Kehilla

The Qahal was a theocratic organisational structure in ancient Israelite society, according to the Masoretic Text of the Bible. In later centuries, Qahal was the name of the autonomous governments of Jewish communities in Eastern Europe....

 (Jewish community), one of Hungary's prominent Siebengemeinden

Siebengemeinden

The Siebengemeinden were 7 Jewish communities located in Eisenstadt and its surrounding area. The groups are known as Sheva Kehillot in Hebrew....

 ('Seven Communities') under the protectorate of the Esterházy family. He was a first cousin of Fanny Wittgenstein, the mother of Karl Wittgenstein

Karl Wittgenstein

Karl Wittgenstein was a steel tycoon. A friend of Andrew Carnegie, with whom he was often compared, at the end of 19th century he controlled an effective monopoly on steel and iron resources within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and had by the 1890s acquired one of the largest fortunes in the world...

 and the grandmother of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. He was professor in philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1939 until 1947...

 and the pianist Paul Wittgenstein

Paul Wittgenstein

Paul Wittgenstein was an Austrian-born concert pianist, who became known for his ability to play with just his left hand, after he lost his right arm during the First World War. He devised novel techniques, including pedal and hand-movement combinations, that allowed him to play chords previously...

.

Early career

In 1833 his family moved to Pest, where he studied violin with Stanislaus Serwaczynski, the concertmaster of the opera in Pest. (Serwaczynski later moved to Lublin, Poland, where he taught Wieniawski

Henryk Wieniawski

Henryk Wieniawski was a Polish violinist and composer.-Biography:Henryk Wieniawski was born in Lublin, Congress Poland, Russian Empire. His father, Tobiasz Pietruszka, had converted to Catholicism. His talent for playing the violin was recognized early, and in 1843 he entered the Paris...

). In 1839, Joachim continued his studies at the Vienna Conservatory (briefly with Miska Hauser and Georg Hellmesberger, Sr.

Georg Hellmesberger, Sr.

Georg Hellmesberger, Sr. was an Austrian violinist, conductor, and composer.He was born in Vienna. His first music lesson was by his father. He went to school at the Cistercian Heiligenkreuz Abbey. He attended both philosophy courses in Vienna. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory under Joseph...

; finally — and most significantly — with Joseph Böhm

Joseph Böhm

Joseph Böhm was a violinist and teacher.He was born in Pest. He was taught by his father and by Pierre Rode. His brother Franz Böhm was too the well-known violinist and the soloist in the Russian empire in an imperial orchestra....

). He was taken by his cousin, Fanny Wittgenstein to live and study in Leipzig

Leipzig

Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...

, where he became a protégé of Felix Mendelssohn

Felix Mendelssohn

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...

. In his début performance in the Leipzig Gewandhaus

Gewandhaus

Gewandhaus is a concert hall in Leipzig, Germany. Today's hall is the third to bear this name; like the second, it is noted for its fine acoustics. The first Gewandhaus was built in 1781 by architect Johann Carl Friedrich Dauthe. The second opened on 11 December 1884, and was destroyed in the...

 he played the Otello Fantasy by Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst

Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst

Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst was a Moravian-Jewish violinist, violist and composer. Ernst was widely seen as the outstanding violinist of his time and one of Paganini's greatest successors....

. The twelve-year-old Joachim's 1844 performance of Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...

's Violin Concerto

Violin Concerto (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61, was written in 1806.The work was premiered on 23 December 1806 in the Theater an der Wien in Vienna. Beethoven wrote the concerto for his colleague Franz Clement, a leading violinist of the day, who had earlier given him helpful advice on...

 in London

London

London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

 (under Mendelssohn's baton) was a triumph, and helped to establish that work in the repertory. Joachim remained a favorite with the English public for the rest of his career.

Maturity

Following Mendelssohn's death in 1847, Joachim stayed briefly in Leipzig, teaching at the Conservatorium and playing on the first desk of the Gewandhaus Orchestra with Ferdinand David

Ferdinand David (musician)

Ferdinand David was a German virtuoso violinist and composer.Born in the same house in Hamburg where Felix Mendelssohn had been born the previous year, David was raised Jewish but later converted to Christianity...

. In 1848, Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age...

 took up residence in Weimar

Weimar

Weimar is a city in Germany famous for its cultural heritage. It is located in the federal state of Thuringia , north of the Thüringer Wald, east of Erfurt, and southwest of Halle and Leipzig. Its current population is approximately 65,000. The oldest record of the city dates from the year 899...

, determined to re-establish the town's reputation as the Athens

Athens

Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...

 of Germany. There, he gathered a circle of young avant-garde disciples, vocally opposed to the conservatism of the Leipzig circle. Joachim was amongst the first of these. He served Liszt as concertmaster, and for several years enthusiastically embraced the new "psychological music," as he called it. In 1852 he moved to Hanover

Hanover

Hanover or Hannover, on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg...

, at the same time dissociating himself from the musical ideals of the 'New German School' (Liszt, Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, theatre director, philosopher, music theorist, poet, essayist and writer primarily known for his operas...

, Hector Berlioz

Hector Berlioz

Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie fantastique and Grande messe des morts . Berlioz made significant contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on Instrumentation. He specified huge orchestral forces for some of his works; as a...

, and their followers, as defined by journalist Franz Brendel) and instead making common cause with Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann, sometimes known as Robert Alexander Schumann, was a German composer, aesthete and influential music critic. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most representative composers of the Romantic era....

, Clara Schumann

Clara Schumann

Clara Schumann was a German musician and composer, considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era...

 and Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...

. His break with Liszt became final in August 1857, when Joachim wrote to his former mentor: "I am completely out of sympathy with your music; it contradicts everything which from early youth I have taken as mental nourishment from the spirit of our great masters."

Joachim's time in Hanover was his most prolific period of composition. During this time, he frequently performed with Clara Schumann and with Brahms, both in private and in public. In 1860 Brahms and Joachim jointly wrote a manifesto against the "progressive" music of the 'New German' School, in reaction to the polemics of Brendel's Neue Zeitschrift für Musik

Neue Zeitschrift für Musik

Die Neue Zeitschrift für Musik was a music magazine published in Leipzig, co-founded by Robert Schumann, his teacher and future father-in law Friedrich Wieck, and his close friend Ludwig Schuncke...

. This manifesto met with a mixed reception, being heavily derided by followers of Wagner.

On May 10, 1863 Joachim married the contralto Amalie Schneeweiss (stage name: Amalie Weiss) (1839–99). Amalie gave up her own promising career as an opera singer and gave birth to six children. She did continue to perform in oratorio

Oratorio

An oratorio is a large musical composition including an orchestra, a choir, and soloists. Like an opera, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an ensemble, various distinguishable characters, and arias...

s and to give lied

Lied

is a German word literally meaning "song", usually used to describe romantic songs setting German poems of reasonably high literary aspirations, especially during the nineteenth century, beginning with Carl Loewe, Heinrich Marschner, and Franz Schubert and culminating with Hugo Wolf...

er recital

Recital

A recital is a musical performance. It can highlight a single performer, sometimes accompanied by piano, or a performance of the works of a single composer.The invention of the solo piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt....

s. In 1865 Joachim quit the service of the King of Hanover in protest, when the Intendant of the Opera refused to advance one of the orchestral players (Jakob Grün) because of the latter's Jewish birth. In 1866, Joachim moved to Berlin

Berlin

Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

, where he was invited to help found a new department of the Royal Academy of Music. There he became the director of the Hochschule für ausübende Tonkunst, or High School for Musical Execution.

On Good Friday, April 10, 1868, Joachim and his wife joined their friend, Johannes Brahms, in the celebration of one of Brahms' greatest triumphs, the first complete performance of his German Requiem at the Bremen Cathedral. Amalie Joachim sang "I Know that My Redeemer Liveth" and Joseph Joachim played Schumann's Abendlied. It was a glorious occasion, after which about 100 of the composer's friends, the Joachims, Clara Schumann, the Dietrichs, Max Bruch

Max Bruch

Max Christian Friedrich Bruch , also known as Max Karl August Bruch, was a German Romantic composer and conductor who wrote over 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin repertoire.-Life:Bruch was born in Cologne, Rhine Province, where he...

 and others gathered at the Bremen Rathskeller.

In 1869, the Joachim String Quartet

String quartet

A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players – usually two violin players, a violist and a cellist – or a piece written to be performed by such a group...

, was formed, which quickly gained a reputation as Europe's finest. Other members of the Quartet were Karel Halíř

Karel Halír

Karel Halíř was a Czech violinist who lived mainly in Germany...

 (2nd violin), Emanuel Wirth

Emanuel Wirth

Emanuel Wirth was a German violinist.Wirth was born in Žlutice in northwestern Bohemia. As Joseph Joachim's assistant at the Hochschule für Musik , he taught violin and viola. August Wilhelmj said he was the best violin teacher of his generation...

 (viola) and Robert Hausmann (cello).

In 1884, Joachim and his wife separated after he became convinced that she was having an affair with the publisher Fritz Simrock

Fritz Simrock

Friedrich August Simrock, better known as Fritz Simrock was a German music publisher who inherited a publishing firm from his grandfather Nicolaus Simrock...

. Brahms, certain that Joachim's suspicions were groundless, wrote a sympathetic letter to Amalie, which she later produced as evidence in Joachim's divorce proceeding against her. This led to a cooling of Brahms and Joachim's friendship, which was not restored until some years later, when Brahms composed the Double Concerto in A minor

Double Concerto (Brahms)

The Double Concerto in A minor, Op. 102, by Johannes Brahms is a concerto for violin, cello and orchestra.- Origin of the work :The Double Concerto was Brahms' final work for orchestra. It was composed in the summer of 1887, and first performed on 18 October of that year in the Gürzenich in Köln,...

 for violin and cello, Op. 102, as a peace offering to his old friend.

On April 16, 1889, in England, Joseph Joachim was presented a Stradivarius

Stradivarius

The name Stradivarius is associated with violins built by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or reproduce, though this belief is controversial...

 violin and Tourte bow once owned by Raphael Georg Kiesewetter. In late 1895 both Brahms and Joachim were present at the opening of the new Tonhalle at Zurich, Switzerland; Brahms conducted and Joachim was assistant conductor. But in April, two years later, Joachim was to lose forever this revered friend, as Johannes Brahms died at the age of 64 at Vienna. At Meiningen, in December 1899, it was Joachim who made the speech when a statue to Brahms was unveiled.

During 1899, Joachim was invited to become president of the newly-established Oxford & Cambridge Musical Club

Oxford & Cambridge Musical Club

The Oxford & Cambridge Musical Club was founded in London in 1899 as a residential Club for Gentlemen. At the club's foundation, it was open to past and present members of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The club's original purpose was the performance of chamber music but expanded over...

 in London. He remained club president until his death.

In Berlin on August 17, 1903, Joachim recorded five sides for The Gramophone & Typewriter Ltd (G&T), which remain a fascinating and valuable source of information about 19th-century styles of violin playing. He is the earliest violinist of distinction known to have recorded, only to be followed soon thereafter when Sarasate

Pablo de Sarasate

Pablo Martín Melitón de Sarasate y Navascués was a Navarrese Spanish violinist and composer of the Romantic period.-Career:Pablo Sarasate was born in Pamplona, Navarre, the son of an artillery bandmaster...

 made some recordings the following year.

Joachim's portrait was twice painted by Philip de László. A portrait of Joachim was painted by John Singer Sargent

John Singer Sargent

John Singer Sargent was an American artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian era luxury. During his career, he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as countless sketches and charcoal drawings...

 http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Joseph_Joachim.htm and presented to him at the 1904 "Diamond Jubilee" celebration of his sixtieth anniversary of his first appearance in London. In Berlin, a great concert took place, at which his pupils past and present, 116 violinists and violists, with 24 cellists who attended his classes played under the direction of Fritz Steinbach

Fritz Steinbach

Fritz Steinbach was a German conductor and composer who was particularly associated with the works of Johannes Brahms. Born in Grünsfeld, he was the brother of conductor Emil Steinbach. He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory and in Vienna. Among his teachers were Martin Gustav Nottebohm and Anton...

, a conductor of note, for his interpretations of Brahms' music. The great moment of celebration came when Joachim, without the slightest hesitation, responded to the spontaneous request to play Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...

's Violin Concerto in D major

Violin Concerto (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61, was written in 1806.The work was premiered on 23 December 1806 in the Theater an der Wien in Vienna. Beethoven wrote the concerto for his colleague Franz Clement, a leading violinist of the day, who had earlier given him helpful advice on...

.

Joachim remained in Berlin until his death in 1907.

Repertoire

Among the most notable of Joachim's achievements were the revivals of Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments drew together the strands of the Baroque period and brought it to its ultimate maturity...

's Sonatas and partitas for solo violin, BWV 1001-1006, and particularly of Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...

's Violin Concerto in D major

Violin Concerto (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61, was written in 1806.The work was premiered on 23 December 1806 in the Theater an der Wien in Vienna. Beethoven wrote the concerto for his colleague Franz Clement, a leading violinist of the day, who had earlier given him helpful advice on...

, Op. 61. Joachim was among the first to play Mendelssohn

Felix Mendelssohn

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...

's Violin Concerto in E minor

Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)

Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64 is his last large orchestral work. It forms an important part of the violin repertoire and is one of the most popular and most frequently performed violin concertos of all time...

, which he studied with the composer. Joachim played a pivotal role in the career of Brahms

Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...

, and remained a tireless advocate of Brahms's compositions through all the vicissitudes of their friendship. He conducted the English premiere of Brahms's Symphony No. 1 in C minor

Symphony No. 1 (Brahms)

The Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68, is a symphony written by Johannes Brahms. Brahms spent at least fourteen years completing this work, whose sketches date from 1854. Brahms himself declared that the symphony, from sketches to finishing touches, took 21 years, from 1855 to 1876...

.

A number of Joachim's composer colleagues, including Schumann

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann, sometimes known as Robert Alexander Schumann, was a German composer, aesthete and influential music critic. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most representative composers of the Romantic era....

, Brahms, Bruch

Max Bruch

Max Christian Friedrich Bruch , also known as Max Karl August Bruch, was a German Romantic composer and conductor who wrote over 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin repertoire.-Life:Bruch was born in Cologne, Rhine Province, where he...

, and Dvořák

Antonín Dvorák

Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a Czech composer of late Romantic music, who employed the idioms of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia. Dvořák’s own style is sometimes called "romantic-classicist synthesis". His works include symphonic, choral and chamber music, concerti, operas and many...

 composed concerti with Joachim in mind, many of which entered the standard repertory. Nevertheless, Joachim's solo repertoire remained relatively restricted. Despite his close friendship with Brahms, Joachim performed his Violin Concerto in D major

Violin Concerto (Brahms)

Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 77 is a violin concerto in three movements composed by Johannes Brahms in 1878 and dedicated to his friend, the violinist Joseph Joachim...

 only six times in his career. He never performed Schumann's Violin Concerto in D minor

Violin Concerto (Schumann)

Robert Schumann’s Violin Concerto in D minor, WoO 23 was his only violin concerto and one of his last significant compositions, and one that remained unknown to all but a very small circle for more than 80 years after it was written.- Composition :...

, which Schumann wrote especially for him, or Dvořák's Violin Concerto in A minor

Violin Concerto (Dvorák)

Violin Concerto in A minor, Op. 53 is a concerto for violin and orchestra composed by Antonín Dvořák in 1879. The concerto was premiered in 1883 by František Ondříček in Prague. He also gave the premieres in Vienna and London...

. The most unusual work written for Joachim was the F-A-E Sonata, a collaboration between Schumann, Brahms, and Albert Dietrich

Albert Dietrich

Albert Hermann Dietrich , was a German composer and conductor, remembered less for his own achievements than for his friendship with Johannes Brahms.Dietrich was born at Golk, near Meissen...

, based upon the initials of Joachim's motto, Frei aber Einsam

Musical cryptogram

A musical cryptogram is a cryptogrammatic sequence of musical notes, a sequence which can be taken to refer to an extra-musical text by some 'logical' relationship, usually between note names and letters. The most common and best known examples result from composers using ciphered versions of their...

(free but lonely). Although the sonata is rarely performed in its entirety, the third movement, the Scherzo in C minor, composed by Brahms, is still frequently played today.

Compositions

Joachim's own compositions are less well known. He has a reputation as a composer of a short but distinguished catalogue of works. Among his compositions are various works for the violin (including three concerti) and overture

Overture

Overture in music is the term originally applied to the instrumental introduction to an opera...

s to Shakespeare

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...

's Hamlet

Hamlet

The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, or more simply Hamlet, is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601...

and Henry IV

Henry IV, Part 1

Henry IV, Part 1 is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written no later than 1597. It is the second play in Shakespeare's tetralogy dealing with the successive reigns of Richard II, Henry IV , and Henry V...

. He also wrote cadenza

Cadenza

In music, a cadenza is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist or soloists, usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing for virtuosic display....

s for a number of other composers' concerti (including the Beethoven and Brahms concerti). His most highly regarded composition is his Hungarian concerto

Violin Concerto No. 2 (Joachim)

Violin Concerto No. 2 in D Minor "in the Hungarian Manner", Op.11 is a Romantic violin concerto written by violinist Joseph Joachim . The critic has called it "the Holy Grail of Romantic violin concertos."...

 (Violin Concerto No 2 in D minor, Op. 11).

Original compositions

• Op. 1, Andantino and Allegro scherzoso, for violin and piano (1848): dedicated to Joseph Böhm
• Op. 2, Three Pieces, (circa 1848-1852), Romanze, Fantasiestück, Eine Frühlingsfantasie for Violin or Viola and Piano
• Op. 3, Violin Concerto in One Movement, in G minor (1851); dedicated to Franz Liszt
  Franz Liszt
  Franz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age...
  
  
• Op. 4, Hamlet Overture (1853)
• Op. 5, Three Pieces for Violin and Piano: Lindenrauschen, Abendglocken, Ballade; dedicated to Gisela von Arnim
  Gisela von Arnim
  Gisela von Arnim was a German writer, mainly of fairy tales.Gisela was the youngest child of Achim and Bettina von Arnim. She was not formally educated, being taught only by her sisters. In her youth she read fairy tales and Romantic poetry, especially the works of Wilhelm Hauff, and began to...
  
  
• Op. 6, Demetrius Overture (Herman Grimm, dedicated to Franz Liszt)
• Op. 7, Henry IV Overture (1854)
• Op. 8, Overture to a Comedy by Gozzi (1854)
• Op. 9, Hebrew Melodies, for Viola and Piano
• Op. 10, Variations on an Original Theme, for Viola and Piano (1855)
• Op. 11, Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor "in the Hungarian Manner"
  Violin Concerto No. 2 (Joachim)
  Violin Concerto No. 2 in D Minor "in the Hungarian Manner", Op.11 is a Romantic violin concerto written by violinist Joseph Joachim . The critic has called it "the Holy Grail of Romantic violin concertos."...
  
   (1853?)
• Op. 12, Notturno for Violin and Orchestra in A major (1858)
• Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major (1875)
• Op. 13, Elegiac Overture "In Memoriam Heinrich von Kleist" (ca. 1877)
• Op. 14, Szene der Marfa from Friedrich Schiller
  Friedrich Schiller
  Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and playwright. During the last seventeen years of his life , Schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang von Goethe...
  
  's unfinished drama "Demetrius" (ca. 1869)
• WoO, Ich hab' im Traum geweinet for voice and piano, pub. Wigand, 1854.
• Scene from Schiller's Demetrius (1878)
• WoO, Rain, rain and sun, Merlin's Song (Tennyson), pub. C. Kegan & Co., 1880.
• Melodrama zu einer Schillergedenkfeier (unpublished, autograph in Hamburg Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek)
• Overture in C major' (Konzertouvertüre zum Geburtstag des Kaisers) (1896)
• Two Marches for orchestra
• Andantino in A minor, for violin and orchestra (also for violin and piano)
• Romance in B flat major, for violin and piano
• Romance in C major, for violin and piano
• Variationen über ein irisches Elfenlied for piano
• Variations for Violin and Orchestra in E minor (ca. 1879); dedicated to Pablo Sarasate

Arrangements

• In 1855 Joachim made a version for full orchestra of Schubert
  Franz Schubert
  Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer.Although he died at an early age, Schubert was tremendously prolific. He wrote some 600 Lieder, nine symphonies , liturgical music, operas, some incidental music, and a large body of chamber and solo piano music...
  
  's Grand Duo in C major for piano duet (D. 812), which many scholars at that time considered (probably incorrectly) to be a draft or piano reduction of a lost symphony.
• He also made a virtuosic transcription for violin and piano of all 21 of Brahms's Hungarian Dances.
• He produced numerous editions of music, many in collaboration with Andreas Moser.

Cadenzas

• Beethoven, Concerto in D major, Op. 61
• Brahms, Concerto in D major, Op. 77
• Kreutzer, Concerto No. 19 in D minor
• Mozart, Aria from Il re pastore, Concerto in D major, K. 218, and Concerto in A major, K 219
• Rode, Concerto No. 10 in B minor, and Concerto No. 11 in D major
• Spohr, Concerto in A minor, Op. 47 (Gesangsszene)
• Tartini, Sonata in G minor (Devil's Trill)
• Viotti, Concerto No 22 in A minor

Recordings of Joachim's compositions

• Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 11 "In the Hungarian Style":
  • Rachel Barton Pine
    Rachel Barton Pine
    Rachel Barton Pine is a violinist from Chicago. Considered a child prodigy at the violin, she started playing at the age of 3 and a half. She played at many renowned venues as a child and teenager...
    
     (Violin), Carlos Kalmar
    Carlos Kalmar
    Carlos Kalmar is a Uruguayan conductor. He began violin studies at age six. At age fifteen, he enrolled at the Vienna Academy of Music where his conducting teacher was Karl Österreicher...
    
     (Conductor), Chicago Symphony Orchestra
    Chicago Symphony Orchestra
    The Chicago Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the five American orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five". Founded in 1891, the Symphony makes its home at Orchestra Hall in Chicago and plays a summer season at the Ravinia Festival...
    
    , Cedille Records
    Cedille Records
    #REDIRECTCedille Records is the independent record label of TheChicago Classical Recording Foundation.-Company History:In 1989, James Ginsburg founded Cedille Records, as a...
    
    : CDR 90000 068 (liner notes)
  • Elmar Oliviera (Violin), Leon Botstein
    Leon Botstein
    Leon Botstein is an American conductor and the President of Bard College . Botstein is the music director and principal conductor of the American Symphony Orchestra and conductor laureate of the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra, where he served as music director and principal conductor from 2003-2010...
    
     (Conductor), London Philharmonic, IMP
  • Aaron Rosand
    Aaron Rosand
    Aaron Rosand is an American violinist.Born in Hammond, Indiana, he studied with Leon Sametini at the Chicago Musical College and with Efrem Zimbalist at the Curtis Institute of Music, where he has taught since 1981...
    
     (Violin), Louis de Froment
    Louis de Froment
    Louis de Froment was a French conductor.De Froment was born into a French noble family, and started his musical studies at the city conservatory. He later attended the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique of Paris and was a pupil of Louis Fourestier, Eugène Bigot and André Cluytens...
    
     (Conductor), Luxembourg Radio/Television Symphony Orchestra, Vox Catalog #: 5102
• Violin Concerto No. 3
  • Takako Nishizaki
    Takako Nishizaki
    Takako Nishizaki is a Japanese violinist.She was the first student to complete the Suzuki Method course, at age nine.Nishizaki came to the United States from Japan in 1962...
    
     (Violin), Meir Minsky
    Meir Minsky
    Meir Minsky is an American, Israeli, Belgian conductor. A frequent guest among leading orchestras he has performed with more than 100 different orchestras worldwide, including the Munich Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic, Orchestre National de France, Berlin Symphony, Bavarian Radio Symphony...
    
     (Conductor), Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
    Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
    The Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based in Stuttgart in Germany. The ensemble was founded in 1945 by American occupation authorities as the orchestra for Radio Stuttgart, under the name Sinfonieorchester von Radio Stuttgart...
    
    , Naxos #: 8554733
• Hamlet Overture, Op. 4
  • Meir Minsky (Conductor), Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
    Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
    The Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based in Stuttgart in Germany. The ensemble was founded in 1945 by American occupation authorities as the orchestra for Radio Stuttgart, under the name Sinfonieorchester von Radio Stuttgart...
    
    , Naxos #: 8554733
• Elegische Ouvertüre, Op. 13
  • Meir Minsky (Conductor), Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
    Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
    The Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based in Stuttgart in Germany. The ensemble was founded in 1945 by American occupation authorities as the orchestra for Radio Stuttgart, under the name Sinfonieorchester von Radio Stuttgart...
    
    , Naxos #: 8554733
• Andantino and Allegro scherzoso, Op. 1: Andantino
  • Marat Bisengaliev
    Marat Bisengaliev
    Marat Bisengaliev is a Kazakh violinist and director of both the West Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra and TuranAlem Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra...
    
     (Violin), John Lenehan
    John Lenehan
    John Lenehan is a British classical pianist and composer. He has earned an international reputation for his work as soloist, accompanist and chamber musician.-Pianist:...
    
     (Piano), Naxos #: 553026
• Romance in B flat major
  • Marat Bisengaliev
    Marat Bisengaliev
    Marat Bisengaliev is a Kazakh violinist and director of both the West Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra and TuranAlem Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra...
    
     (Violin), John Lenehan
    John Lenehan
    John Lenehan is a British classical pianist and composer. He has earned an international reputation for his work as soloist, accompanist and chamber musician.-Pianist:...
    
     (Piano), Naxos #: 553026
• Hebrew melodies, Op. 9
  • Anna Barbara Dütschler (Viola), Marc Pantillon (Piano), Claves #: 9905
• Heinrich IV Overture, Op. 7 (2 pianos, arr. Johannes Brahms
  Johannes Brahms
  Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...
  
  )
  • Duo Egri-Pertis, Hungaroton #: 32003
• Variations for Viola and Piano, Op. 10
  • Numerous recordings
• Variations for Violin and Orchestra in E minor
  • Vilmos Szabadi
    Vilmos Szabadi
    Vilmos Szabadi, sometimes referred to as Wilhelm Szabadi is one of the best known Hungarian violinists.Szabadi studied under Professor Ferenc Halász at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest where on receiving his diploma, he became the youngest-ever member to join the teaching staff...
    
     (Violin), László Kovács (Conductor), North Hungarian Symphony Orchestra, Hungaroton #: 32185

Joachim's own discography

• J. S. Bach: Partita for Violin No. 1 in B minor, BWV 1002: 7th movement, Tempo di Bourée, Pearl Catalog: 9851 (also on Testament (749677132323)).
• Brahms: Hungarian Dances (21) for Piano 4 hands, WoO 1: No. 1 in G minor (arr. Joachim), Opal Recordings (also on Testament (749677132323)).
• Brahms Hungarian Dance No. 2 in D minor (arr. Joachim), Grammophon Catalogue # 047905; HMV, D88.
• Joachim: Romance in C major, Op. 20, Pearl Catalog: 9851

Original pressings are single-sided and have a flat red G&T label. Later reeditions have a black G&T label (or, from 1909, a label showing the 'His Master's Voice' trade-mark), and those made for the German market are double-sided. They are better in quality.

Joachim's students

• Leopold Auer
  Leopold Auer
  Leopold Auer was a Hungarian violinist, teacher, conductor and composer.-Early life and career:...
  
  , violinist and teacher, studied with Joachim in Hanover
• Aylmer Buesst
  Aylmer Buesst
  Aylmer Buesst was an Australian conductor, teacher and scholar, who spent his career in the United Kingdom. He was mainly associated with opera and vocal music...
  
  
• Willy Burmester
  Willy Burmester
  Willy Burmester was a German violinist.Burmester was born in Hamburg and was a pupil of Joseph Joachim, with whom he studied for many years in Berlin...
  
  
• Will Marion Cook
  Will Marion Cook
  William Mercer Cook , better known as Will Marion Cook, was an African American composer and violinist from the United States. Cook was a student of Antonín Dvořák and performed for King George V among others...
  
  
• Carl Courvoisier (12 November 1846-1908), author of Technics of Violin Playing on Joachim's Method, London: The Strad Library, No. I, 1894.
• Bernardo V. Moreira de Sá (14.2.1853-2.4.1924, Portugal), Portuguese violinist and teacher, director of the "Conservatório de Música do Porto", director and founder of the "Orpheon Portuense", studied with Joachim in Berlin.
• Bram Eldering  (8 July 1865-17 June 1943), Concertmaster of the Berlin Philharmonic under Hans von Bülow
  Hans von Bülow
  Hans Guido Freiherr von Bülow was a German conductor, virtuoso pianist, and composer of the Romantic era. He was one of the most famous conductors of the 19th century, and his activity was critical for establishing the successes of several major composers of the time, including Richard...
  
  . Concertmaster of the Meininger Hofkapelle.
• Adila Fachiri
  Adila Fachiri
  Adila Fachiri was a Hungarian violinist who had an international career but made her home in England. She was the sister of the violinist Jelly d'Arányi....
  
  , Joachim's niece.
• F. Fleischhauer (b. 24 July 1834), Hofconcertmeister in Meiningen.
• Sam Franko
  Sam Franko
  Sam Franko was an American violinist and conductor. He was the brother of violinist, conductor and concert promoter Nahan Franko....
  
  
• Richard Gompertz (b. 27 April 1859), professor of violin at the Royal College of Music, London.
• Karel (Carl) Halíř
  Karel Halír
  Karel Halíř was a Czech violinist who lived mainly in Germany...
  
   (1859–1909), Bohemian violinist, member of the Joachim Quartet.
• Gustav Hille
• Willy Hess
  Willy Hess (violinist)
  Willy Hess was a German violin virtuoso and violin teacher.-Biography:Will Hess was born in Mannheim in 1859. He was a student of Joseph Joachim and he also studied with his father, who was a pupil of Louis Spohr....
  
  
• Richard Himmelstoß (b. 17 June 1843), concertmaster in Breslau.
• Gustav Holländer (b. 15 February 1855), solo violinist.
• Jenő Hubay
  Jeno Hubay
  Eugen Huber , better known by his Hungarian name Jenő Hubay , was a Hungarian violinist, composer and music teacher.-Early life:Eugen Huber was born into a German family of musicians in Pest, Hungary...
  
   Violinist, composer.
• Bronisław Huberman
• Karl Klingler Violinist of the Klingler Quartet and Joachim's successor at the Berlin Hochschule. Klingler was the teacher of Shinichi Suzuki.
• Iosif Kotek
  Iosif Kotek
  Iosif Iosifovich Kotek was a Russian violinist remembered for his association with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. He assisted Tchaikovsky with technical issues in the writing of the solo part in his Violin Concerto in D...
  
   - Russian violinist (1855–1885)
• Hans Letz, Concertmaster of the Theodore Thomas Orchestra
• Bernhard Listemann Concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
• Charles Martin Loeffler
  Charles Martin Loeffler
  Charles Martin Loeffler was a German-born American violinist and composer.- Birthplace :Throughout his career Loeffler claimed to have been born in Mulhouse, Alsace and almost all music encyclopedias give this fabricated information. In his lifetime articles were published dissecting his...
  
   (1861–1935)
• Martin Marsick
• Pietro Melani
• Waldemar J. Meyer (1853–1940)
• Andreas Moser (1859–1925) Violinist and assistant to Joachim. Moser wrote the first biography of Joachim. He helped recover original scores of J.S. Bach's Sonate e Partite per violino solo, and collaborated with him on numerous editions.
• Tivadar Nachéz
  Tivadar Nachéz
  Tivadar Nachéz was a Hungarian violinist and composer for violin who had an international career, but made his home in London during his career....
  
  , (Budapest 1859 - Lausanne 1930)
• Henri Petri, concertmaster in Leipzig.
• Maximilan Pilzer, Concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic, 1915-1917
• Enrico Polo, (1868–1953).
• Maud Powell
  Maud Powell
  Maud Powell was an American violinist who gained international acclaim for her skill and virtuosity. She was born in Peru, Illinois. She was the first American violinist to achieve international rank...
  
  , American violinist
• Willibald Richter, (1860–1929), German-born English pianist, organist and teacher. Student, friend and accompanist of Joachim. Student of Haupt, Lebert, Liszt, Mischalek and Oscar. Founded College of Music at Leicester.
• Camillo Ritter, teacher of William Primrose
  William Primrose
  William Primrose CBE was a Scottish violist and teacher.-Biography:Primrose was born in Glasgow and studied violin initially. In 1919 he moved to study at the then Guildhall School of Music in London. On the urging of the accompanist Ivor Newton, Primrose moved to Belgium to study under Eugène...
  
  
• Ossip Schnirlin, (? - 1937)
• Emily Shinner
• Maria Soldat-Röger
  Maria Soldat-Röger
  Marie Soldat-Roeger was a virtuoso violinist active in orchestral and chamber music in the Vienna of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century...
  
  
• Theodore Spiering
  Theodore Spiering
  Theodore Bernays Spiering was an American violinist, conductor and teacher.Spiering was born in Old North St. Louis, Missouri, where at age five he took his first lessons in violin from his father, concertmaster of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. He made his first public appearance at age seven...
  
  , American violinist. Born in St. Louis, lived in Chicago. Concertmaster (1909–1911), New York Philharmonic.
• Franz von Vecsey
  Franz von Vecsey
  Franz von Vecsey was a Hungarian violinist and composer.He was born in Budapest and began his violin studies with his father, Lajos Vecsey, and at the age of eight he entered the studio of Jenő Hubay...
  
  , Studied with Hubay, then Joachim. Dedicatee of the Sibelius violin concerto.
• Alfred Wittenberg

Other pupils are mentioned by Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski

Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski

Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski was a German violinist, conductor, and musicologist.-Life:Wasielewski was born on June 17, 1822 in the village of Gross, near Danzig as the eighth of eleven children of Henriette Christina Piwko and Josef Thaddäus von Wasielewski , a landholder and later Rector of...

 in his "Die Violine und Ihre Meister."

Joachim's instruments

• As a child, Joachim played a Guarneri del Gesù
  Giuseppe Guarneri
  Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri, del Gesù was an Italian luthier from the Guarneri house of Cremona. He rivals Antonio Stradivari with regard to the respect and reverence accorded his instruments, and he has been called the finest violin maker of the Amati line...
  
  , which he gave to Felix Schumann after he acquired his first Stradivarius
  Stradivarius
  The name Stradivarius is associated with violins built by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or reproduce, though this belief is controversial...
  
  .
• In his Hanover years, Joachim played on a Guadagnini made in 1767.
• He later bought a 1714 Stradivarius
  Stradivarius
  The name Stradivarius is associated with violins built by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or reproduce, though this belief is controversial...
  
  , which he played until 1885.
• He exchanged this instrument for a 1713 Stradivarius
  Stradivarius
  The name Stradivarius is associated with violins built by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or reproduce, though this belief is controversial...
  
  , which was later acquired by Robert von Mendelssohn and lent for life to Joachim's student Karl Klingler.
• A 1714 Stradivarius "de Barreau/Joachim" which he bought in 1881 and sold in 1897, later owned by Richard von Mendelssohn, Baron Knoop
  Baron Johann Knoop
  Baron Johann Knoop , was a collector of musical instruments who possessed a total of 29 great violins, violas, and cellos at one time or another including some four Stradivari violas...
  
  , and Karl Klingler.
• A 1698 Joachim Stradivarius is held by the Royal Academy of Music
  Royal Academy of Music
  The Royal Academy of Music in London, England, is a conservatoire, Britain's oldest degree-granting music school and a constituent college of the University of London since 1999. The Academy was founded by Lord Burghersh in 1822 with the help and ideas of the French harpist and composer Nicolas...
  
  
• A violin, the ex-Joachim Stradivarius of 1715 is currently held by the Collezione Civica del Comune di Cremona
  Cremona
  Cremona is a city and comune in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po River in the middle of the Pianura Padana . It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local City and Province governments...
  
  . It was presented to Joachim on the occasion of his Jubilee celebration in 1889.
• Another 1715 Stradivarius, the Joachim-Aranyi.
• Another 1715 Stradivarius, later owned by George Eastman
  George Eastman
  George Eastman was an American innovator and entrepreneur who founded the Eastman Kodak Company and invented roll film, helping to bring photography to the mainstream...
  
  
• A 1722 Stradivarius, later owned by Burmester, Mischa Elman and Josef Suk
  Josef Suk (composer)
  Josef Suk was a Czech composer and violinist.- Life :Suk was born in Křečovice. He studied at Prague Conservatory from 1885 to 1892, where he was a pupil of Antonín Dvořák and Antonín Bennewitz. In 1898, he married Dvořák's eldest daughter, Otilie Dvořáková , affectionately known as Otilka...
  
  .
• Another 1722 Stradivarius, also owned by the Mendelssohn family.
• A 1723 Stradivarius
• A 1725 Stradivarius, later owned by Norbert Brainin
  Norbert Brainin
  Norbert Brainin, , was the first violinist of the Amadeus Quartet, one of the world's most highly regarded string quartets....
  
   Currently played by Rainer Küchl.
• A 1727 Stradivarius, currently owned by Suntory, Ltd. and currently on loan to Mayuko Kamio.
• The Ex Joachim, Joseph Vieland Viola by Gasparo da Salo
  Gasparo da Salò
  Gasparo da Salò is the name given to Gasparo di Bertolotti, one of the earliest violin makers and expert double bass player of which many and very detailed historical records exist.He was born in Salò on Lake Garda, in a family with legal, artistic, musical and craft interests...
  
  , Brescia, before 1609 is held by the Shrine to Music No. 3368,
• According to the Henley Atlas of Violin Makers, during the time he spent in France, Joachim performed on a violin made by French luthier
  Luthier
  A luthier is someone who makes or repairs lutes and other string instruments. In the United States, the term is used interchangeably with a term for the specialty of each maker, such as violinmaker, guitar maker, lute maker, etc...
  
   Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin
  Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin
  Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin was a distinguished French maker of violins, violas, cellos, basses and bows. He was an Officier de l'Académie des Beaux-Arts and won gold and silver medals at the Paris Exhibitions in 1878, 1889, and 1900....
  
  .
• A violin by Francesco Ruggeri bearing the label Nicolaus Amati
  Amati
  Amati is the name of a family of Italian violin makers, who flourished at Cremona from about 1549 to 1740.-Andrea Amati:Andrea Amati was not the earliest maker of violins whose instruments still survive today...
  
  
• A Joachim Tielke viola anno 1670, Hamburg, bought by Joachim in the late 19th Century in the Vuillaume shop. Currently played by David Yang.
• Joachim also played a Guarneri del Gesu
  Giuseppe Guarneri
  Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri, del Gesù was an Italian luthier from the Guarneri house of Cremona. He rivals Antonio Stradivari with regard to the respect and reverence accorded his instruments, and he has been called the finest violin maker of the Amati line...
  
  , loaned by the Wittgenstein family, perhaps a 1737 Guarneri del Gesu
  Giuseppe Guarneri
  Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri, del Gesù was an Italian luthier from the Guarneri house of Cremona. He rivals Antonio Stradivari with regard to the respect and reverence accorded his instruments, and he has been called the finest violin maker of the Amati line...
  
  ?
• A Johannes Theodorus Cuypers anno 1807 was bought by Joachim in the mid 19th century and taken on tour throughout Europe. There is also evidence that the instrument was played by Joachim in a recital in Paris a half century later, in 1895. The same instrument was also played by Fritz Kreisler in a 1955 Carnegie Hall concert.
• A 1747 Pietro Guarneri
• A 1767 Guadagnini
• A 1775 Guadagnini
• A Carlo Testore violin
• Among Joachim's bows was a Tourte
  François Tourte
  François Xavier Tourte was a Frenchman who, though trained as a watchmaker, soon changed to making bows for playing classical string instruments such as the violin....
  
  , previously owned by Ernst
  Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst
  Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst was a Moravian-Jewish violinist, violist and composer. Ernst was widely seen as the outstanding violinist of his time and one of Paganini's greatest successors....
  
  .

Other

The English poet Robert Bridges

Robert Bridges

Robert Seymour Bridges, OM, was a British poet, and poet laureate from 1913 to 1930.-Personal and professional life:...

 wrote a sonnet

Sonnet

A sonnet is one of several forms of poetry that originate in Europe, mainly Provence and Italy. A sonnet commonly has 14 lines. The term "sonnet" derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning "little song" or "little sound"...

about Joachim in his first major work of poetry The Growth of Love.

Literature

• Adolph Kohut, Josef Joachim. Ein Lebens- und Künstlerbild. Festschrift zu seinem 60. Geburtstage, am 28. Juni 1891, Berlin: A. Glas, 1891.
• Johannes Joachim and Andreas Moser (eds.), Briefe von und an Joseph Joachim, 3 vols., Berlin: Julius Bard, 1911–1913
• Andreas Moser (ed.), Johannes Brahms im Briefwechsel mit Joseph Joachim, 2nd ed., Berlin: Deutsche Brahms-Gesellschaft, 1912.
• Letters From and To Joseph Joachim, selected and translated by Nora Bickley with a preface by J. A. Fuller-Maitland, New York: Vienna House, 1972.
• Andreas Moser, Joseph Joachim: Ein Lebensbild, 2 vols. Berlin: Verlag der Deutschen Brahms-Gesellschaft, vol. 1: 1908; vol. 2: 1910.
• Andreas Moser, Joseph Joachim: A Biography, translated by Lilla Durham, introduction by J. A. Fuller Maitland, London: Philip Wellby, 1901.
• J. A. Fuller-Maitland, Joseph Joachim, London & New York: John Lane, 1905.
• F. G. E., Joseph Joachim, Musical Times, 48/775 (September 1, 1907): 577-583.
• Hans Joachim Moser, Joseph Joachim, Sechsundneunzigstes Neujahrsblatt der Allgemeinen Musikgesellschaft in Zürich, Zürich & Leipzig: Hug & Co., 1908
• Karl Storck, Joseph Joachim: Eine Studie, Leipzig: Hermann Seemann Nachfolger, n.d.
• Anne Russell, Joachim, The Etude, (December, 1932) 884-885.
• Siegfried Borris, Joseph Joachim zum 65. Todestag, Oesterreichische Musikzeitschrift XXVII (June 1972): 352-355.
• Barrett Stoll, Joseph Joachim: Violinist, Pedagogue, and Composer, Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Iowa, 1978.
• Brigitte Massin, Les Joachim: Une Famille de Musiciens, Paris: Fayard, 1999. ISBN 2-213-60418-5
• Otto Biba, "Ihr Sie hochachtender, dankbarer Schüler Peppi" Joseph Joachims Jugend im Spiegel bislang unveröffentlicher Briefe, Die Tonkunst, Jg. 1, Nr. 3, Juli 2007, 200-204.
• Beatrix Borchard, Stimme und Geige: Amalie und Joseph Joachim, Biographie und Interpretationsgeschichte, Wien, Köln, Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2005.
• Beatrix Borchard, Groß-männlich-deutsch? Zur Rolle Joseph Joachims für das deutsche Musikleben in der Wilhelminischen Zeit, Die Tonkunst, Jg. 1, Nr. 3, Juli 2007, 218-231.
• Dietmar Shenk, Aus einer Gründerzeit: Joseph Joachim, die Berliner Hochschule für Musik und der deutsch-französische Krieg, Die Tonkunst, Jg. 1, Nr. 3, Juli 2007, 232-246.
• Ute Bär, Sie wissen ja, wie gerne ich, selbst öffentlich, mit Ihnen musicire! Clara Schumann und Joseph Joachim, Die Tonkunst, Jg. 1, Nr. 3, Juli 2007, 247-257.
• Gerhard Winkler (ed.) Geigen-Spiel-Kunst: Joseph Joachim und der "Wahre" Fortschritt, Burgenländische Heimatblätter, Jg. 69, Nr. 2, 2007.
• Robert W. Eshbach, Der Geigerkönig: Joseph Joachim as Performer, Die Tonkunst, Jg. 1, Nr. 3, Juli 2007, 205-217.
• Robert W. Eshbach, Verehrter Freund! Liebes Kind! Liebster Jo! Mein einzig Licht. Intimate letters in Brahms's Freundeskreis, Die Tonkunst, Jg. 2, Nr. 2, April 2008, 178-193.
• Robert W. Eshbach, Joachims Jugend, Die Tonkunst, Jg. 5, Nr. 2, April 2011, 176-190.
• Robert W. Eshbach, Free but Lonely: The Education of Joseph Joachim 1831-1866; forthcoming.

External links

• Joseph Joachim's autograph and handwritten note to Marianne Scharwenka (Violinist and wife of Philipp Scharwenka)
• Short biography of Joseph and Amalie Joachim