Julio César Chaves
Encyclopedia
Julio César Chaves was a Paraguay
an historian.
He had an important role in the Chaco War
, as a disseminator of information and propaganda, and he also worked with the government to carryout important tasks.
, Chaves was one of the core historians of Paraguay
and a transcendental figure of the culture of that country. The work he did gave a major boost to the national historiography.
He belonged to the so-called "Generation 1925", along with other eminent personalities like Efraím Cardozo
, Hipolito Sanchez Quell and R. Antonio Ramos. His studies on Doctor José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
eventually became the book The Supreme Dictator, today regarded as the most comprehensive, objective and serious work on the subject. He was also a professor, diplomat and politician. During the Chaco War he played a major role in promoting information and media.
He studied primary and secondary college in San Jose and the National College and earned his doctorate in 1929, after defending his thesis on the Monroe Doctrine
.
for many years. Julio César had military couple in the Colorado Party until 1973, when he joined the Liberal Party
.
, Chaves worked at the "Second Department", (Report), first under the command of Tomás Romero Pereira
and then as chief until the end of the war.
In 1934, in mid-July, at the express request of President Eusebio Ayala
and General José Félix Estigarribia
, Chaves organized (keeping the head of Department II) Directorate Press and Propaganda (popularly known as Radio Press), which was presented in the form of daily bulletins. This work had a great impact nationally and internationally and served to raise troop morale.
It was also after the war, the civil fiscal year 1936, and deputy national, 1938. At that time active military in the Liberal Youth Club, along with young people such as Efraím Cardozo
Carlos Pastore, Horacio Fernandez, Juan G. Peroni, Villagra Maffiodo Salvador, Francisco Sapena, Emilio Saguier Aceval, Pedro R. Espínola, Paul Max Ynsfrán, Alejandro Marin Churches, Artemio Mereles, Juan B. Wasmosy, among others. This was the group that launched and supported the presidential candidacy of General José Félix Estigarribia
in 1939, imposed on the criterion of liberal old guard who wanted a civilian president.
In 1939, Chaves was sent as minister to Bolivia
and then to Peru
as an ambassador in 1940. With the assumption of General Higinio Morínigo
as president of the republic after the death of Estigarribia, who took exile in Buenos Aires
from the year 1941.
You could say that was among the exiles more profitable for the country because there Chaves began to develop the best part of his wonderful work historiography.
Chaves was also president of the Academy of Paraguayan History from 1956 to 1973 and again from 1984 to 1986, and the Academia de la Lengua Española from 1975 until his death. He was also president of the PEN Club and the Paraguayan Institute of Hispanic Culture, as well as a member of academies and institutes from countries and the American Institute of History of Madrid and the Royal Academy of Arts of the Spanish capital. He was a lecturer in various Latin American capitals and major cultural centers of Europe.
His other works include:
The first was organized by the then mayor Tomás Romero Pereira
, supported by Chaves, and made even military intelligence tasks, and the second organization depended directly on the orders of Chaves said the president Eusebio Ayala
, who mandated to carry out daily bulletins to counter Bolivian propaganda. According to Chaves himself, these bulletins "were captured by the main radiotelegraph stations in the country and the Americans following countries: Bolivia
Argentina
, Brazil
, Chile
and Peru
."
The same president Ayala wrote the first three materials as a model. The first alluded to the Chilean mercenaries in the Bolivian army, the second to the superiority of the Paraguayan soldier morale over the Bolivian, and the third to the resources expended by the struggle over Bolivia's Chaco. Bolivian prisoners were very valuable as a source of information for these bulletins, which made deterioration in the minds of enemy combatants’ side, as acknowledged after the war by Colonel David Toro, a prominent Bolivian leader.
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
an historian.
He had an important role in the Chaco War
Chaco War
The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also referred to as La Guerra de la Sed in literary circles for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco...
, as a disseminator of information and propaganda, and he also worked with the government to carryout important tasks.
Life
Born in the city of AsunciónAsunción
Asunción is the capital and largest city of Paraguay.The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department. The metropolitan area, called Gran Asunción, includes the cities of San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby, San...
, Chaves was one of the core historians of Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
and a transcendental figure of the culture of that country. The work he did gave a major boost to the national historiography.
He belonged to the so-called "Generation 1925", along with other eminent personalities like Efraím Cardozo
Efraím Cardozo
Efraím Cardozo was a Paraguayan politician and historian.-Childhood and studies:Born in Villarrica, Paraguay, he spent his childhood in a noble and wise home. Son of the maestro guaireño Ramon Indalecio Cardozo and Juana Sosa, inherited from his elders the love for reading and the noble principles...
, Hipolito Sanchez Quell and R. Antonio Ramos. His studies on Doctor José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
200px|right|thumb|José Gaspar Rodríguez de FranciaDr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco was the first leader of Paraguay following its independence from Spain...
eventually became the book The Supreme Dictator, today regarded as the most comprehensive, objective and serious work on the subject. He was also a professor, diplomat and politician. During the Chaco War he played a major role in promoting information and media.
He studied primary and secondary college in San Jose and the National College and earned his doctorate in 1929, after defending his thesis on the Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine is a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention...
.
Family
Chaves' uncle was Mr. Federico Chaves, who was president between the years 1949 and 1954. His brothers were prominent personalities of national policy, Hugo, Herman and Juan Ramon Chaves. The latter was president of the Colorado PartyColorado Party (Paraguay)
The National Republican Association – Colorado Party is a political party in Paraguay, founded in 1887 by Bernardino Caballero. It is usually known as the Colorado Party...
for many years. Julio César had military couple in the Colorado Party until 1973, when he joined the Liberal Party
Authentic Radical Liberal Party
The Authentic Radical Liberal Party is a liberal party in Paraguay.The party is an observer member of Liberal International. At the last legislative elections, 27 April 2003, the party won 25.7 % of the popular vote and 21 out of 80 seats in the Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay and 24.3 %, leading...
.
National service
During the Chaco WarChaco War
The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also referred to as La Guerra de la Sed in literary circles for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco...
, Chaves worked at the "Second Department", (Report), first under the command of Tomás Romero Pereira
Tomás Romero Pereira
Tomás Romero Pereira was President of Paraguay from May 5, 1954 to August 15, 1954. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He came to power as a result of a military coup, led by General Alfredo Stroessner, which began on May 4, 1954, and lasted for three days...
and then as chief until the end of the war.
In 1934, in mid-July, at the express request of President Eusebio Ayala
Eusebio Ayala
Eusebio Ayala was President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was overthrown by Rafael Franco.- His Life :...
and General José Félix Estigarribia
José Félix Estigarribia
Marshal José Félix Estigarribia Insaurralde was a decorated Paraguayan war hero and President of Paraguay for the Liberal party. Educated as an agronomist, he joined the national Army in 1910 and spent time in Chile and in Saint Cyr's military academy in France for additional training...
, Chaves organized (keeping the head of Department II) Directorate Press and Propaganda (popularly known as Radio Press), which was presented in the form of daily bulletins. This work had a great impact nationally and internationally and served to raise troop morale.
It was also after the war, the civil fiscal year 1936, and deputy national, 1938. At that time active military in the Liberal Youth Club, along with young people such as Efraím Cardozo
Efraím Cardozo
Efraím Cardozo was a Paraguayan politician and historian.-Childhood and studies:Born in Villarrica, Paraguay, he spent his childhood in a noble and wise home. Son of the maestro guaireño Ramon Indalecio Cardozo and Juana Sosa, inherited from his elders the love for reading and the noble principles...
Carlos Pastore, Horacio Fernandez, Juan G. Peroni, Villagra Maffiodo Salvador, Francisco Sapena, Emilio Saguier Aceval, Pedro R. Espínola, Paul Max Ynsfrán, Alejandro Marin Churches, Artemio Mereles, Juan B. Wasmosy, among others. This was the group that launched and supported the presidential candidacy of General José Félix Estigarribia
José Félix Estigarribia
Marshal José Félix Estigarribia Insaurralde was a decorated Paraguayan war hero and President of Paraguay for the Liberal party. Educated as an agronomist, he joined the national Army in 1910 and spent time in Chile and in Saint Cyr's military academy in France for additional training...
in 1939, imposed on the criterion of liberal old guard who wanted a civilian president.
In 1939, Chaves was sent as minister to Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
and then to Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
as an ambassador in 1940. With the assumption of General Higinio Morínigo
Higinio Morínigo
General Higinio Morínigo Martínez was a Paraguayan dictator, general and political figure. He served as the President of Paraguay from 7 September 1940 to 3 June 1948....
as president of the republic after the death of Estigarribia, who took exile in Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
from the year 1941.
You could say that was among the exiles more profitable for the country because there Chaves began to develop the best part of his wonderful work historiography.
Chaves was also president of the Academy of Paraguayan History from 1956 to 1973 and again from 1984 to 1986, and the Academia de la Lengua Española from 1975 until his death. He was also president of the PEN Club and the Paraguayan Institute of Hispanic Culture, as well as a member of academies and institutes from countries and the American Institute of History of Madrid and the Royal Academy of Arts of the Spanish capital. He was a lecturer in various Latin American capitals and major cultural centers of Europe.
Works
In 1936 Chaves wrote El Chaco in adjustments for Peace (unpublished), and in 1937 edited History of relations between Buenos Aires and Paraguay.His other works include:
- El supremo dictador, Castelli.
- El adalid de mayo
- San Martín y Bolívar en Guayaquil
- El presidente López
- Vida y obra de Don Carlos
- El General Díaz
- Biografía del vencedor de Curupayty
- Compendio de historia paraguaya
- Compendio de historia americana
- Unamuno y América
- Historia del descubrimiento y conquista del Río de la Plata y el Paraguay
- Itinerario de Antonio Machado
- Túpac Amaru
- La causa de la independencia americana.
During the war
Dr. Chaves creator is not a monograph was published, but it was on the important action that took into the Chaco War, this is a valuable document on the work that you quote the Second Department and the Directorate of Press and Propaganda who depended directly from the Command in Chief of the Armed Forces in operations.The first was organized by the then mayor Tomás Romero Pereira
Tomás Romero Pereira
Tomás Romero Pereira was President of Paraguay from May 5, 1954 to August 15, 1954. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He came to power as a result of a military coup, led by General Alfredo Stroessner, which began on May 4, 1954, and lasted for three days...
, supported by Chaves, and made even military intelligence tasks, and the second organization depended directly on the orders of Chaves said the president Eusebio Ayala
Eusebio Ayala
Eusebio Ayala was President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was overthrown by Rafael Franco.- His Life :...
, who mandated to carry out daily bulletins to counter Bolivian propaganda. According to Chaves himself, these bulletins "were captured by the main radiotelegraph stations in the country and the Americans following countries: Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
and Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
."
The same president Ayala wrote the first three materials as a model. The first alluded to the Chilean mercenaries in the Bolivian army, the second to the superiority of the Paraguayan soldier morale over the Bolivian, and the third to the resources expended by the struggle over Bolivia's Chaco. Bolivian prisoners were very valuable as a source of information for these bulletins, which made deterioration in the minds of enemy combatants’ side, as acknowledged after the war by Colonel David Toro, a prominent Bolivian leader.