Jurydyka
Encyclopedia
Jurydyka is a generic Polish
term for a settlement right outside (less commonly an enclave within) a royal city, that was independent from the municipal laws and rulers but instead remained under the jurisdiction (hence the name) of the ecclesiastic or secular lord who chartered, founded and owned it. Formed as a separate unit of territorial division between 14th and 16th centuries, the jurydyka-type settlements were a way in which the Roman Catholic Church
and the Polish nobility
avoided the strict terms of the royal town charters. Most notably, the jurydyka-type settlements were exempted from the specific trade laws allowing only selected merchants and craftsmen to take part in the markets held in the cities. In many Polish cities the jurydyka settlement formed a ring of suburbs and were eventually incorporated into the towns as their boroughs. This was the case of Warsaw
, which in early 18th century was surrounded by no less than 14 such towns, some of them with as many as 5,000 inhabitants. All of them are now neighbourhoods of Warsaw.
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
term for a settlement right outside (less commonly an enclave within) a royal city, that was independent from the municipal laws and rulers but instead remained under the jurisdiction (hence the name) of the ecclesiastic or secular lord who chartered, founded and owned it. Formed as a separate unit of territorial division between 14th and 16th centuries, the jurydyka-type settlements were a way in which the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
and the Polish nobility
Szlachta
The szlachta was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges during the 1333-1370 reign of Casimir the Great. In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of...
avoided the strict terms of the royal town charters. Most notably, the jurydyka-type settlements were exempted from the specific trade laws allowing only selected merchants and craftsmen to take part in the markets held in the cities. In many Polish cities the jurydyka settlement formed a ring of suburbs and were eventually incorporated into the towns as their boroughs. This was the case of Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, which in early 18th century was surrounded by no less than 14 such towns, some of them with as many as 5,000 inhabitants. All of them are now neighbourhoods of Warsaw.