KSFM
Encyclopedia
KSFM is a Rhythmic Contemporary Hits formatted radio station
Radio station
Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both...

 serving the Sacramento, California
Sacramento, California
Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the county seat of Sacramento County. It is located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the northern portion of California's expansive Central Valley. With a population of 466,488 at the 2010 census,...

, USA, area. Its city of license
City of license
A city of license or community of license, in American and Canadian broadcasting, is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator....

 and transmitter are located in Woodland
Woodland, California
Woodland is the county seat of Yolo County, California, located approximately northwest of Sacramento, and is a part of the Sacramento - Arden-Arcade - Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 55,468 at the 2010 census.Woodland's origins trace back to 1850 when California...

 (In Yolo County
Yolo County, California
Yolo County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of California, bordered by the other counties of Sacramento, Solano, Napa, Lake, Colusa, and Sutter. The city of Woodland is its county seat, though Davis is its largest city....

) but their studios are based in Sacramento. KSFM's previous slogan was "Sacramento's #1 Station for Hip-Hop and R&B" from 2006 to 2010, when it changed its slogan to "1025" as it now incorporates Pop/Dance titles into its playlist.

KSFM is owned by CBS Radio
CBS Radio
CBS Radio, Inc., formerly known as Infinity Broadcasting Corporation, is one of the largest owners and operators of radio stations in the United States, third behind main rival Clear Channel Communications and Cumulus Media. CBS Radio owns around 130 radio stations across the country...

, which in turn is part of CBS Corporation
CBS Corporation
CBS Corporation is an American media conglomerate focused on commercial broadcasting, publishing, billboards and television production, with most of its operations in the United States. The President and CEO of the company is Leslie Moonves. Sumner Redstone, owner of National Amusements, is CBS's...

's Sacramento radio and TV cluster, which includes adult contemporary KYMX
KYMX
KYMX is commercial radio station located in Sacramento, California. The station airs an adult contemporary music format.-History:...

, contemporary hit radio
Contemporary hit radio
Contemporary hit radio is a radio format that is common in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia that focuses on playing current and recurrent popular music as determined by the Top 40 music charts...

 KZZO
KZZO
KZZO is a hot adult contemporary radio station in Sacramento, California.At 115 kilowatts, KZZO is one of the most powerful FM radio stations in Northern California, and can be received in the California Central Valley from as far south as Modesto, CA to just north of Chico, California, as well as...

, country music
Country music
Country music is a popular American musical style that began in the rural Southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from Western cowboy and folk music...

 KNCI
KNCI
KNCI is a commercial radio station in Sacramento, California. The station airs a country music format.The station is now owned by CBS Radio.-Station history:...

, sports talk
Sports radio
Sports radio is a radio format devoted entirely to discussion and broadcasting of sporting events. A popular format with an almost exclusively male demographic in most areas, sports radio is characterized by an often-boisterous on-air style and extensive debate and analysis by both hosts and...

 KHTK
KHTK
KHTK is located in the Sacramento, California, area and broadcasts at 1140 AM. This Sports/Talk station is the flagship station of the Sacramento Kings. KHTK also broadcasts UC Davis football games , Sacramento Mountain Lions of the UFL,and the Oakland Raiders of the NFL. KHTK broadcasts at 50,000...

, CBS
CBS
CBS Broadcasting Inc. is a major US commercial broadcasting television network, which started as a radio network. The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Columbia Broadcasting System. The network is sometimes referred to as the "Eye Network" in reference to the shape of...

 affiliate KOVR
KOVR
KOVR, channel 13, is an owned-and-operated station of the CBS Television Network located in Sacramento, California and licensed to Stockton. KOVR-TV shares its offices and studio facilities with sister station KMAX-TV in West Sacramento, California, and its transmitter is located in Walnut Grove,...

 TV, and CW
The CW Television Network
The CW Television Network is a television network in the United States launched at the beginning of the 2006–2007 television season. It is a joint venture between CBS Corporation, the former owners of United Paramount Network , and Time Warner's Warner Bros., former majority owner of The WB...

 affiliate KMAX-TV
KMAX-TV
KMAX-TV, channel 31, is the CW affiliate serving the Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto, California broadcast area. The station is owned by CBS Television Stations along with the local CBS station, KOVR; the two stations are two of the 3 English network O&Os in the market, along with Ion Television...

.

KSFM is one of the most listened-to stations in Sacramento
Sacramento, California
Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the county seat of Sacramento County. It is located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the northern portion of California's expansive Central Valley. With a population of 466,488 at the 2010 census,...

 due to their large radio signal, averaging over 300,000 listeners per day. Its core audience includes teens, 18-34 adults (mostly females).

As KATT/KRBT

KSFM originally signed on the air in 1961 as MOR KATT("The Tiger Tail"), but would later go dark by 1968. The call letters KSFM were previously assigned to a station in Sacramento
Sacramento, California
Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the county seat of Sacramento County. It is located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the northern portion of California's expansive Central Valley. With a population of 466,488 at the 2010 census,...

 on 96.9 FM, but that station was sold to the owners of PSA
PSA
PSA may refer to:* PSA International , world's second largest port operator* PSA Peugeot Citroën, French vehicle manufacturer...

 airline and renamed as KPSC. In 1970 the Woodland station returned to the air as Top 40 KRBT ("Robot 10-25"), which started out with live jocks, only to go automated from 1972 to the spring of 1974, when then-owner Kula Broadcasting searched for a new programmer and new format to run on the station. The owners hired Don Wright, formerly of KZAP
KRXQ
KRXQ is a commercial radio station in Sacramento, California, broadcasting on 98.5 FM. The station airs an active rock music format branded as "98 Rock"...

, KXOA/KNDE
KXOA
KXOA was a Sacramento, CA radio station that existed on both AM and FM between 1945 and 2004. It was mainly a Top 40 station for most of its AM existence and programmed a very successful "light rock" format that lasted nearly two decades, but also experimented with other formats on both AM and...

 and KRBT. His plan for the station was “formatted” progressive rock
Album-oriented rock
Album-oriented rock is an American FM radio format focusing on album tracks by rock artists.-Music played:Most radio formats are based on a select, tight rotation of hit singles...

. Unlike mostly freeform
Freeform (radio format)
Freeform, or freeform radio, is a radio station programming format in which the disc jockey is given total control over what music to play, regardless of music genre or commercial interests. Freeform radio stands in contrast to most commercial radio stations, in which DJs have little or no...

 KZAP, KSFM’s new format would be rock-based, albeit somewhat eclectic in approach. The air talent would have a mid-tempo delivery style (neither fast and screaming nor completely laid back). The station would also keep the KSFM call letters, but would have the moniker “Earth Rock 102, KSFM.”

As "Earth Radio 102"

In early May 1974, "Earth Rock 102" made its debut. Drake-Chenault, owners of KXOA-FM
KDND
KDND is an FM radio station licensed to Sacramento, California at 107.9 MHz. It is owned by Entercom. KDND broadcasts a Pop Contemporary Hits format under the name 107.9 The End...

 (107.9) attempted to sue the owners of KSFM, because they had recently used the “Earth Rock” name for their station. As a result, in July, the name became "Earth Radio 102." Within six months of its debut, “KSFM-Earth Radio 102” made the top six in overall “twelve-plus” ratings in the Sacramento area. When the station management only delivered a $25.00 monthly pay raise, much of the air staff left to run KSJO
KSJO
KSJO is a commercial radio station in San Jose, California, and broadcasts to the San Francisco Bay Area on 92.3 FM. KSJO currently airs a Chinese format branded as "92.3 KSJO".-History:...

 (92.3) in San Jose. Nonetheless, the station continued to obtain stellar ratings.

The format was a combination of well-established “mainstream” and “up and coming” rock artists. While the station would play mainstream rock artists, the announcers often focused on their deeper album cuts. Additionally, the music flow was diverse enough that one could hear a searing Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band, active in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. Formed in 1968, they consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham...

 track and a folksy Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell, CC is a Canadian musician, singer songwriter, and painter. Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in her native Saskatchewan and Western Canada and then busking in the streets and dives of Toronto...

 song in the same set, yet the music would flow naturally. The air talent programmed much of the music without the use of a set playlist. While a listener could hear an occasional Country record by Jerry Jeff Walker
Jerry Jeff Walker
Jerry Jeff Walker is an American country music singer and songwriter. He is probably most famous for writing the song "Mr. Bojangles.-Biography:...

 or a Reggae
Reggae
Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. While sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to most types of Jamaican music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady.Reggae is based...

 tune by Peter Tosh
Peter Tosh
Peter Tosh, born Winston Hubert McIntosh , was a Jamaican reggae musician who was a core member of the band The Wailers , and who afterward had a successful solo career as well as being a promoter of Rastafari.Peter Tosh was born in Grange Hill, Jamaica, an illegitimate child to a mother too young...

, they knew it would be followed by a rock record, seamlessly followed by a casual back announcement from knowledgeable air talent. KSFM’s format was dayparted, so listeners would be treated to a much harder rock sound at night. Earth Radio 102 had little or no musical repetition. A listener truly did not know what they would be hearing next.

Earth Radio had a number of additional programming features that made it unique. For example, it ran a news block each weekday morning from 9:20 to 10:00 known as “Earth News”. The alternative news included nationally-syndicated interviews with rock stars of the day. The news also included odd information that would interest the station’s audience. Each weekday, at 9:40 AM, 1:40 and 6:40 PM, the station would run a “Concert Calendar”, where they would announce upcoming concert venues in both local and regional locations. On Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesday evenings at 9:10 PM, the station would track an entire record album from start to finish. Initially, this was a weekly feature, but was so successful; it had been expanded to three nights a week. The program was initially known as “Record a Record”, but the name eventually changed to the “Whole Earth Record.” In between record sides, the announcer (Dave Whittaker) would play an “Instrumental Interlude”, where the listener would hear an instrumental song from a completely different artist to break up the album.

In late 1976, the station hired Dennis Newhall as an on-air staff announcer. He had experience working at KZAP and KSJO. Subsequently, he was promoted to Program Director in 1977.

“Earth Radio 102’s” success continued until the summer of 1979. In January 1979, KZAP’s new owners installed radio consultant Lee Abrams
Lee Abrams
Lee Abrams is an American media executive who has held a number of posts for large and influential companies, and is generally credited with developing the "Album Oriented Rock" format employed by hundreds of radio stations across the country.-Career:...

’ “Super Stars” format on the formerly freeform station. KZAP’s new format was rock-oriented, but with more of a Top 40 approach in how it scheduled songs, attracting 18-34 year old male listeners from both types of stations. The change brought KZAP stellar ratings at the expense of “Earth Radio”. KSFM went from a 4.7 “twelve-plus” share to a somewhat disappointing 3.1 share in the Spring 1979 Arbitron
Arbitron
Arbitron is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio audiences. It was founded as American Research Bureau by Jim Seiler in 1949 and became national by merging with L.A. based Coffin, Cooper and Clay in the early 1950s...

 ratings. Initially, there were rumors of KSFM either becoming more mainstream or switching to a country music
Country music
Country music is a popular American musical style that began in the rural Southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from Western cowboy and folk music...

 format.

In August 1979, the station announced on-air it would be switching the format to “Mass Appeal” music the following month. On August 20, the Sacramento Union
Sacramento Union
The Sacramento Union was a daily newspaper founded in 1851 in Sacramento, California. It was the oldest daily newspaper west of the Mississippi River before it closed its doors after 143 years in January 1994, no longer able to compete with The Sacramento Bee, which was founded in 1857, just six...

 featured an article on the format switch. The entire air staff would be replaced. KSFM management hired radio consultant Jerry Clifton to initiate the new format. In the Union article, Clifton described the “Earth Radio” format as “esoteric…similar to a Jazz station.”

KSFM broadcast its last full day of progressive rock on September 9, 1979. The following day, the station began a five day stunting period where it played a full day of music by a well-known established artist. The stunting period acted as a “buffer” between the vastly different formats. The first day (September 10, 1979) was a full day of Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band, active in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. Formed in 1968, they consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham...

, followed by a day of the Beatles. By the fifth day, the station was playing Donna Summer
Donna Summer
LaDonna Adrian Gaines , known by her stage name, Donna Summer, is an American singer/songwriter who gained prominence during the disco era of the 1970s. She has a mezzo-soprano vocal range. Summer is a five-time Grammy winner and was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach...

 and the Bee Gees
Bee Gees
The Bee Gees are a musical group that originally comprised three brothers: Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio was successful for most of their 40-plus years of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a pop act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as a...

 as featured artists. On September 14, KSFM started what would become a major success story that would continue today when it flipped to a hybrid Disco
Disco
Disco is a genre of dance music. Disco acts charted high during the mid-1970s, and the genre's popularity peaked during the late 1970s. It had its roots in clubs that catered to African American, gay, psychedelic, and other communities in New York City and Philadelphia during the late 1960s and...

/Top 40 direction. By 1984, the station would evolve all the way to its current—and, as of today, still dominant—Rhythmic Contemporary Hits direction. The move occurred after KPOP
KQJK
KQJK is a commercial adult hits music radio station in Roseville, California, broadcasting to the Sacramento, California, area on 93.7 FM. It is currently owned by Clear Channel Communications, which acquired it along with four stations in Seattle, Washington, Baltimore, Maryland, and Portland,...

, the market's Urban Contemporary
Urban contemporary
Urban contemporary is a music radio format. The term was coined by the late New York DJ Frankie Crocker in the mid 1970s. Urban contemporary radio stations feature a playlist made up entirely of hip hop/rap, contemporary R&B, pop, electronica such as dubstep and drum and bass and Caribbean music...

 outlet at the time, flipped formats to a short-lived Rock-leaning Top 40 direction in 1983 that would later become the current KRXQ
KRXQ
KRXQ is a commercial radio station in Sacramento, California, broadcasting on 98.5 FM. The station airs an active rock music format branded as "98 Rock"...

 that resides at the 98.5 frequency.

Present Day KSFM

Today, KSFM offers a current-based mix of R&B/Hip-Hop
Hip hop music
Hip hop music, also called hip-hop, rap music or hip-hop music, is a musical genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted...

 product, with upbeat Pop
Pop music
Pop music is usually understood to be commercially recorded music, often oriented toward a youth market, usually consisting of relatively short, simple songs utilizing technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes.- Definitions :David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop...

 tracks added in for balance, the latter being more played of at KSFM. Those ingredients have helped KSFM distinguish themselves from rival Top 40/CHR
Contemporary hit radio
Contemporary hit radio is a radio format that is common in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia that focuses on playing current and recurrent popular music as determined by the Top 40 music charts...

 KDND
KDND
KDND is an FM radio station licensed to Sacramento, California at 107.9 MHz. It is owned by Entercom. KDND broadcasts a Pop Contemporary Hits format under the name 107.9 The End...

 (107.9 The End), which offer listeners a broad-based playlist, and rhythmic contemporary
Rhythmic Contemporary
Rhythmic contemporary, also known as rhythmic top 40, rhythmic contemporary hit radio or rhythmic crossover, is a music radio format that includes a mix of EDM, upbeat rhythmic pop, hip-hop and R&B hits. Rhythmic contemporary rarely uses rock music or country music in its airplay, but it may...

 station KHHM (Hot 103.5), which had favored Hip-Hop when it was KBMB (103.5 The Bomb) from 1998
1998 in radio
The year 1998 in radio involved some significant events.-Events:*January 2 — A gunman shoots Antario Teodoro Filho, Brazilian politician and radio presenter, during a broadcast.*January 21 - Big 105 debuts playing its AC format...

 to 2010
2010 in radio
The following events occurred in radio in 2010.-Events:*Date Unknown: CHOI/Quebec City flips from Alternative Rock to News/Talk.*January 4: KJCS/Lufkin, Texas goes silent....

 when it shifted its direction to match KSFM until evolving to a Top 40/CHR direction outright in 2011
2011 in radio
The following events occurred in radio broadcasting in 2011.-Events:*January 1: 2 Knoxville stations change formats as WDLF and WYLV flip to K-LOVE and Air 1 , and a few Pittsburgh station change formats, as ESPN Radio moves from WEAE to WBGG, and Radio Disney moves from WWCS to the renamed WDDZ,...

. KHHM was a Rhythmic Top 40 reporter at Nielsen BDS up until September 2011, when it was moved to the BDS Top 40/CHR panel due to its less dependence on Rhythmic product. Mediabase
Mediabase
Mediabase is a music industry service that monitors radio station airplay in 180 US and Canadian markets. Mediabase publishes music charts and data based on the most played songs on terrestrial and satellite radio, and provides in-depth analytical tools for radio and record industry professionals...

 had already moved KHHM to the Top 40/CHR panel in April 2011. As a result of KHHM's formatic adjustment in September 2011
2011 in radio
The following events occurred in radio broadcasting in 2011.-Events:*January 1: 2 Knoxville stations change formats as WDLF and WYLV flip to K-LOVE and Air 1 , and a few Pittsburgh station change formats, as ESPN Radio moves from WEAE to WBGG, and Radio Disney moves from WWCS to the renamed WDDZ,...

, KSFM became Sacramento's only Rhythmic Top 40 outlet.

As of 2010, the current KSFM lineup features "Wayne, Jay & Lexi In The Morning," Bre in middays, Boondock in afternoons, Suga Bear in evenings, The Specialist in overnights, and various talent during weekends. Featured programs include Club 102 with The Specialist on Friday and Saturday nights. MTV's TRL on Sunday Mornings

KSFM has its own website, where people can listen live online and join Friends With Benefits, an online club where people can earn points for various prizes, such as concert tickets to today's hottest artists, read the latest jock blogs and much more.

In January 2010, KSFM's Arbitron Ratings ratings stood at a 3.1, 12 plus. The shares were the lowest since Spring 1979, when the station programmed a Progressive Rock format. The drop in ratings might be attributed to the proliferation of similarly-formatted Pop-Music based CHRs KBMB and KDND, eroding KSFM's listener base. However by April 2010 KSFM rebounded in terms of ratings and audience, although nowhere the record breaking numbers achieved in 1994-97 when it was common to see 11 and 12 shares under PD's Rick Thomas and Bob West.

As of June 1, 2010, KSFM is now housed at 280 Commerce Circle with all of its sister CBS Radio Sacramento stations. Its previous studios were at 1750 Howe Avenue, Suite 500, not too far away.

External links

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