Kalvarija
Encyclopedia
This article describes a city in southwestern Lithuania
. For other uses of the name, see Kalvarija
and Kalvaria
.
Kalvarija ( is a city in southwestern Lithuania
, located in the Marijampolė County
, close to the border with Poland
.
and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new St. Petersburg–Warsaw
road was constructed at the beginning of the 19th century. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. By the outbreak of World War I
, Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the population to decline.
with: Pieve d'Alpago
in Italy
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
in Poland
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
. For other uses of the name, see Kalvarija
Kalvarija
This article describes a city in southwestern Lithuania. For other uses of the name, see Kalvarija and Kalvaria.Kalvarija This article describes a city in southwestern Lithuania. For other uses of the name, see Kalvarija and Kalvaria.Kalvarija This article describes a city in southwestern...
and Kalvaria
Kalvaria
Kalvaria may refer to:* Góra Kalwaria, Poland* Kalwaria Pacławska, Poland* Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Poland- See also :* Kalvarija , the name of two locations in Lithuania and one in Serbia...
.
Kalvarija ( is a city in southwestern Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
, located in the Marijampolė County
Marijampole County
Marijampolė County is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the south of the country in the historical Suvalkija region, and its capital is the town Marijampolė...
, close to the border with Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
.
Etymology and names
Variants of the name include Kalvarijos, Kalvariya, Kalwarja, Kalvarye (Yiddish), Kalwaria (Polish), Kalvarien (German)), Calvaria, Kalvaria, Kalwariya, and Kalwarya. The town is named after Golgotha also known as Calvary.History
In 1705 the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from King August II to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791 Stanisław August Poniatowski recognized that Kalvarija had the right to call itself a townMagdeburg rights
Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by a local ruler. Modelled and named after the laws of the German city of Magdeburg and developed during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, it was...
and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new St. Petersburg–Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
road was constructed at the beginning of the 19th century. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. By the outbreak of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the population to decline.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Kalvarija is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Pieve d'Alpago
Pieve d'Alpago
Pieve d'Alpago is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 km north of Venice and about 11 km northeast of Belluno...
in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska is a town in southern Poland with 4,429 inhabitants . It is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship ; previously it was in the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship ....
in Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...