Kalwaria Zebrzydowska park
Encyclopedia
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska park is a Mannerist architectural and park landscape complex and pilgrimage park, built in the 17th century as the Counter Reformation in the late 16th century led to prosperity in the creation of Calvaries
in Catholic Europe. The park, located near the town of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
, which took its name from the park, was added in 1999 to the UNESCO
list of World Heritage Sites.
monks (custodians of the Holy Sepulchre
in Jerusalem). It was modelled on the 1584 map of Jerusalem by Christian Kruik van Adrichem
.
Calvary
Calvary or Golgotha was the site, outside of ancient Jerusalem’s early first century walls, at which the crucifixion of Jesus is said to have occurred. Calvary and Golgotha are the English names for the site used in Western Christianity...
in Catholic Europe. The park, located near the town of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska is a town in southern Poland with 4,429 inhabitants . It is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship ; previously it was in the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship ....
, which took its name from the park, was added in 1999 to the UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
list of World Heritage Sites.
History
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska was established in 1600 by Mikołaj Zebrzydowski, voivode of Kraków for FranciscanFranciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
monks (custodians of the Holy Sepulchre
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, also called the Church of the Resurrection by Eastern Christians, is a church within the walled Old City of Jerusalem. It is a few steps away from the Muristan....
in Jerusalem). It was modelled on the 1584 map of Jerusalem by Christian Kruik van Adrichem
Christian Kruik van Adrichem
Christian Kruik van Adrichem, or Christianus Crucius Adrichomius, was a Catholic priest and theological writer....
.
Structures
- Basilica of St. Mary was established by Mikołaj Zebrzydowski for Order of Friars MinorFranciscanMost Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
. The church was designed by Jan Maria Bernardoni and the construction process was conducted by Paul Baudarth, an architect and goldsmith from Antwerp, between 1603-1609. - Ecce Homo Chapel was built on the plan of the Greek cross between 1605-1609 by Paul Baudarth. The vault adorned with profuse stucco decorations in the style of Dutch mannerismMannerist architecture and sculpture in PolandMannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland dominated between 1550 and 1650, when it was finally replaced with baroque. The style includes various mannerist traditions, which are closely related with ethnic and religious diversity of the country, as well as with its economic and political...
. - Chapel of the Crucifixion is the first structure built by Mikołaj Zebrzydowski in Kalwaria and give a beginning to the whole complex. It was constructed between 1600-1601.
- Heart of Mary Chapel was built on the plan of a heartHeartThe heart is a myogenic muscular organ found in all animals with a circulatory system , that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions...
in 1615 by Paul Baudarth. The chapel commemorate Jesus' encounter with Mary on the road to CalvaryStations of the CrossStations of the Cross refers to the depiction of the final hours of Jesus, and the devotion commemorating the Passion. The tradition as chapel devotion began with St...
.