Kannur - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Kannur also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district

Kannur district

Kannur District is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. The town of Kannur is the district headquarters, and gives the district its name. The old name Cannanore is the anglicised form of the Malayalam name Kannur. Kannur District is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north and...

in the India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

n state

States and territories of India

India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...

of Kerala

Kerala

or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore(Land of lord Krishna

Krishna

Krishna is a central figure of Hinduism and is traditionally attributed the authorship of the Bhagavad Gita. He is the supreme Being and considered in some monotheistic traditions as an Avatar of Vishnu...

), which is still in fairly common usage. Kannur is the 6th largest city in Kerala

Kerala

or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

, after Thiruvananthapuram

Thiruvananthapuram

Thiruvananthapuram , formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland...

, Ernakulam

Ernakulam

Ernakulam refers to the downtown area or the western part of the mainland of Kochi city in Kerala, India. The city is the most urban part of Kochi and has lent its name to the Ernakulam district. Ernakulam is called the commercial capital of the state of Kerala and is a main nerve of business in...

, Kozhikode

Kozhikode

Kozhikode During Classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, Kozhikkode was dubbed the "City of Spices" for its role as the major trading point of eastern spices. Kozhikode was once the capital of an independent kingdom of the same name and later of the erstwhile Malabar District...

Thrissur

This article is about the city in India. For the district, see Thrissur district. For the urban agglomeration area of Thrissur see Thrissur Metropolitan Area...

and Kollam

Kollam

Kollam , often anglicized as ', is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city lies on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake on the Arabian sea coast and is situated about north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram...

. It is the largest city of North Malabar

North Malabar

North Malabar , is a historic as well as geographic distinction in India used to refer the area covering; present Kasaragod and Kannur Districts, Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad District and Koyilandy & Vatakara taluks of Kozhikode District in modern Kerala and the entire Mahé sub-Division of...

region. Kannur Municipality

Kannur Municipality

Kannur Municipality is the civic body of the Kannur town in Kerala, India. Both Kannur Town and Kannur City fall under the Kannur Municipality....

was established in 1867 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Kerala..

Kannur is one of the Million Plus urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1,642,892 in 2011. Kannur is known as the Land of Loom

Loom

A loom is a device used to weave cloth. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads...

s and Lores

Folklore

Folklore consists of legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales and customs that are the traditions of a culture, subculture, or group. It is also the set of practices through which those expressive genres are shared. The study of folklore is sometimes called...

, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and ritualistic folk arts held in temples. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches; Theyyam

Theyyam

Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu area Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu...

, its native performing art, and its handloom industry.

Kannur is of great strategic military importance. It houses one of the 62 military cantonments in the country, the Kannur Cantonment

Kannur Cantonment

Kannur Cantonment is a cantonment town in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala, between Kannur town and Kannur City. The Cantonment was a military camp for Portuguese, Dutch and British rulers...

, and is the current headquarters of the Defence Security Corps

Defence Security Corps (India)

The Defence Security Corps , previously known as Defence Department Constabulary Centre, was founded on 25 April 1947 at Mathura in Uttar Pradesh state in north India. The Defence Security Corps, with 31,000 personnel, provides security at Defence Ministry sites...

and Territorial Army

Territorial Army

The Territorial Army is the part time volunteer force of the British Army. With around 35,500 members, the TA forms about a quarter of the overall manpower strength of the British Army. TA members regularly volunteer to serve overseas on operations, either with TA units, or as individuals...

’s 122 Infantry

Infantry

Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...

Battalion

A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel...

(under Madras Regiment

Madras Regiment

The Madras Regiment is the oldest regiment in the Indian army formed in the 1750s. The regiment has been through many campaigns with both the British Indian Army and the Indian Army.- History :...

). Ezhimala Naval Academy

Indian Naval Academy

The Indian Naval Academy is the initial officer training establishment of the Indian Navy, located in Ezhimala, Kerala. Situated between Mount Dilli and the Kavvayi backwaters, NAVAC has a 7 km beach front on the Arabian Sea. It conducts basic training for all officers inducted into the...

(INS) which is situated 35 km north of Kannur City and 10 km south west of Payyanur

Payyanur

Payyanur is a Municipal Town situated at the northern end of Kannur district in North Malabar region of Kerala, India. This Municipality consists of three administrative villages viz. Vellur, Korom and Payyannur. Other villages are; Annur and Kokkanissery....

, a city in Kannur District

Kannur district

. It is the Asia's largest and world's third largest naval academy. An Indian Coast Guard

Indian Coast Guard

The Indian Coast Guard is a branch of the Indian Armed Forces. Its mission is the protection of India's maritime interests and maritime law enforcement with jurisdiction over both territorial and international waters....

Academy is approved to be built at Kannur. This Coast Guard Academy will be built on the banks of Valapattanam River

Valapattanam River

Valapattanam River is the largest river in the Kannur district, located in the South Indian state of Kerala. Valapattam town is located on its bank...

at Irinave, east of Azhikkal

Azhikkal

Azhikkal is a coastal village in Kannur district, Kerala, India. The village has a small port and a fishing harbour. It is the site for a proposed expanded cargo port. The Valapattanam River empties into the Arabian Sea at Azhikkal....

. Kannur Cantonment

Kannur Cantonment

is also one of the important cantonments in India.

According to the data compiled by the research firm Indicus Analytics, Kannur is one of the ten best cities in India to live. The parameters set by this firm are in the field of health, education, environment, safety, public facilities and entertainment.

Etymology

The name Kannur may have been derived from Kanathur, an ancient village. Another opinion holds that Kannur was originally a portmanteau derived from two Malayalam words: Kannan (Krishna

Krishna

), a Hindu deity, and Ur (place)—making it "the place of Lord Krishna". One support for this theory is that the deity of the Kadalayi

Kadalayi

Kadalayi is a Hindu temple in the village of Chirakkal, Kerala, India.-Origins:There is an interesting legend associated with the origin of the temple. It is believed that the idol of Lord Vishnu consecrated here is the very idol worshiped by Sathyabhama, the consort of Lord Krishna at Dwaraka in...

Srikrishna Temple was originally installed in a shrine at Kadalayi Kotta in the southeastern part of the present Kannur town. During the British Raj

British Raj

British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...

, the city was known as Cannanore, the anglicised form of the Malayalam word Kannur.

History

It can be identified with Naura in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea or Periplus of the Red Sea is a Greco-Roman periplus, written in Greek, describing navigation and trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice along the coast of the Red Sea, and others along Northeast Africa and India...

. From the twelfth century AD onwards, Kannur was a port town of Kolathunadu

Kolathunadu

Kolathunādu was one of the three most powerful feudal kingdoms on the Malabar Coast during the arrival Portuguese Armadas to India along with Zamorin's Calicut and Venad. Kolathunād had its capital at Ezhimala and was ruled by Kolathiri royal family and roughly comprised the whole northern...

, which was ruled by the Kolathiri

Kolathiri

Kolathiri or Kolathiri Rājā was the title by which the senior most male along the matilinial line of the Mushika or Kolathunādu Royal Family was styled...

s. The city was an important port on the Arabian Sea

Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui in northeastern Somalia and Kanyakumari in India...

and carried on trade with Persia and Arabia in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It also served as the British military headquarters on India's west coast until 1887. In conjunction with her sister city, Tellicherry, it was the third largest city on the western coast of British India in the eighteenth century after Bombay and Karachi

Karachi

Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...

.

St. Angelo Fort

St. Angelo Fort

St. Angelo Fort , is a fort facing the Arabian Sea, situated 3 km from the town of Kannur, a city in Kerala state, south India.-History:...

was built in 1505 by Dom Francisco de Almeida

Francisco de Almeida

Dom Francisco de Almeida , also known as "the Great Dom Francisco" , was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer. He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492...

, the first Portuguese Viceroy of India. It is situated by the Arabian Sea about 3 km from Kannur town. In 1507, the fort was besieged by the local ruler in the Siege of Cannanore (1507)

Siege of Cannanore (1507)

The Siege of Cannanore was a four-month siege, from April to August 1507, when troops of the local ruler , supported by the Zamorin of Calicut and Arabs, besieged the Portuguese garrison at St. Angelo Fort in Cannanore, in what is now the Indian state of Kerala...

. The ownership of the fort has changed hands several times. In 1663, the Dutch captured it. They subsequently gave the fort its present appearance. The Dutch sold the fort to the Arakkal royal family in 1772. During this time, the Arakkal sultanate began issuing coins. The British conquered it

Capture of Cannanore

The Capture of Cannanore during the Third Anglo-Mysore War took place on 17 December 1790. Forces of the British East India Company, led by General Robert Abercromby, began besieging Cannanore , held by troops of Mysore and of the Rajah of Cannanore on 14 December. After gaining control of the...

in 1790 and used it as one of their major military stations on the Malabar Coast

Malabar Coast

The Malabar Coast is a long and narrow coastline on the south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent. Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, especially on their westward-facing mountain...

. It is fairly well preserved as a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India

Archaeological Survey of India

The Archaeological Survey of India is a department of the Government of India, attached to the Ministry of Culture . The ASI is responsible for archaeological studies and the preservation of archaeological heritage of the country in accordance with the various acts of the Indian Parliament...

. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry

Mappila Bay

Mappila Bay is a natural harbor situated in Ayikkara Kannur town, Kerala state of South India. On one side of the bay is Fort St...

as a background is on display at the Rijksmuseum

Rijksmuseum

The Rijksmuseum Amsterdam or simply Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum in Amsterdam, located on the Museumplein. The museum is dedicated to arts, crafts, and history. It has a large collection of paintings from the Dutch Golden Age and a substantial collection of Asian art...

in Amsterdam

Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...

. Kunjali Marakkar

Kunjali Marakkar

The Kunhali Marakkar or Kunjali Marakkar was the title given to the Muslim naval chief of the Zamorin , Hindu king of Calicut, in present day state of Kerala, India during the 16th century. There were four major Kunhalis who played a part in the Zamorin's naval wars with the Portuguese from 1520...

's head was removed from his body and exhibited in the Fort after his assassination.

During the 17th century, Kannur was the capital city of the only Muslim

Muslim

A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

Sultanate of Kerala

Kerala

or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

, known as Arakkal. Before that, Kannur was under Kolathiri

Kolathiri

Kolathiri or Kolathiri Rājā was the title by which the senior most male along the matilinial line of the Mushika or Kolathunādu Royal Family was styled...

Raja of Chirakkal

Chirakkal Raja

Chirakkal Raja is the title of the senior most king of the Chirakkal branch of the Palli division of the Kolathiri dynasty of the erstwhile feudal state of Kolathunadu in North Malabar, Kerala state, South India. Chirakkal Rajas and Kolathiris traces their ancestry back to the Mushika dynasty of...

. During the British Raj

British Raj

British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...

, Kannur was part of the Madras province in the District of North Malabar

North Malabar

Geography and climate

Kannur has an elevation of 1.02 metres (2.98 ft) along the coast of the Arabian Sea

Arabian Sea

, with a sandy coastal area. The town has an 8 km-long seashore and a 3 km-long beach at Payyambalam. Kannur experiences a humid tropical monsoon climate

Tropical monsoon climate

Tropical monsoon climate, occasionally also known as a tropical wet climate or tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate in climate classification, is a relatively rare type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category "Am."Tropical monsoon climates have monthly...

under the Köppen climate classification

Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...

. In April and May, the average daily maximum temperature is about 35 °C (95 °F). Temperatures are low in December and January: about 20 °C (68 °F). Like other areas on the Malabar Coast

Malabar Coast

, this town receives heavy rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon. The annual average rainfall is 3438 mm, around 68 percent of which is received in July.

Demographics

According to the 2001 census

Census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of India, Kannur has a population of 63,795. Males constitute 48% of the population and females, 52%. Kannur has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 84% and female literacy is 83%. In Kannur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Malayalam is the most spoken language.

Landmarks

Indian Naval Academy
Indian Naval Academy
The Indian Naval Academy is the initial officer training establishment of the Indian Navy, located in Ezhimala, Kerala. Situated between Mount Dilli and the Kavvayi backwaters, NAVAC has a 7 km beach front on the Arabian Sea. It conducts basic training for all officers inducted into the...

is Asia's largest naval academy. It is located at Ezhimala, approximately 35 km north of Kannur, near to Payyanur
Payyanur
Payyanur is a Municipal Town situated at the northern end of Kannur district in North Malabar region of Kerala, India. This Municipality consists of three administrative villages viz. Vellur, Korom and Payyannur. Other villages are; Annur and Kokkanissery....

.
Kottiyor Mahadeva Kshetram known as Dakshina Kashi the temple is famous for its power and the natural beauty.

St. Angelo Fort
St. Angelo Fort
St. Angelo Fort , is a fort facing the Arabian Sea, situated 3 km from the town of Kannur, a city in Kerala state, south India.-History:...

was built in 1505 by the first Portuguese Viceroy of India, Dom Francisco de Almeida. In 1663, the Dutch captured it and then in 1772, they sold the fort to the Arakkal King. In 1790, the British captured it and it was under the British until 1947.
Payyambalam Beach
Payyambalam Beach
Payyambalam Beach is a beach in Kannur district of Kerala in India that attracts tourists and local people. It often finds mention in tourism related publications as a beautiful beach. It has now a garden close to it. The beach is just 2 km from Kannur town....

is a famous Kannur beach with an unbroken coastline of a few kilometres. From the beach, one can see ship
Ship
Since the end of the age of sail a ship has been any large buoyant marine vessel. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing,...

s in transit along the Malabar Coast
Malabar Coast
The Malabar Coast is a long and narrow coastline on the south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent. Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, especially on their westward-facing mountain...

, from beyond Calicut (Kozhikode
Kozhikode
Kozhikode During Classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, Kozhikkode was dubbed the "City of Spices" for its role as the major trading point of eastern spices. Kozhikode was once the capital of an independent kingdom of the same name and later of the erstwhile Malabar District...

) moving towards Mangalore
Mangalore
Mangalore is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located about west of the state capital, Bangalore. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district in south western...

, Goa
Goa
Goa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...

and Bombay (Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...

). It contains a well laid out garden and the massive landscaped sculpture of Mother and Child erected by noted sculptor Kanayi Kunhiraman
Kanayi Kunhiraman
Kanayi Kunhiraman is a sculptor from Kuttamath in Hosdurg Taluk in Kasaragod district of Kerala state, India. He is the Former Chairman of the Lalit Kala Academy....

.
Arakkal Museum
Arakkal Museum
The Arrakkal Museum is a museum dedicated to the Arakkal family, the only Muslim royal family in Kerala, south India. The museum is actually a section of the Arakkalkettu . The durbar hall section of the palace has been converted into a museum by the Government of Kerala. It was opened in July 2005...

, located in Ayikkara
Ayikkara
Ayikkara is a small coastal village in Kannur district of Kerala state, south India. It is near Kannur City. Kannur fort, and the Mappila Bay is near Ayikkara....

, is a museum dedicated to the Arakkal family, the only Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

royal family in Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

, South India
South India
South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area...

. The museum is actually a section of the Arakkalkettu (Arakkal Palace). The Durbar Hall section of the palace has been converted into a museum by the Government of Kerala
Government of Kerala
The Government of Kerala is a democratically elected body that governs the State of Kerala, India for a period of 5 years. The state government is headed by the Governor of Kerala as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as real head of the executive. The state...

. It was opened in July 2005 after a massive renovation and is managed by the Arakkal Family Trust.
MGS Kalari Sangam is a martial arts
Martial arts
Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development....

and massage training academy founded in 1934.
The Cannanore Lighthouse
Cannanore Lighthouse
The Cannanore Lighthouse is located near the Payyambalam Beach, a few kilometers from Kannur town, in Kerala state, south India. It is adjacent to the Sea View Park and the Government Guest House. The lighthouse is still active and overlooks the Arabian Sea....

near the Sea View Park is another place of interest. The first lighthouse at Kannur was built in 1843 by the British at St. Angelo Fort. Over the years, the lighthouse was renovated and in 1948, it was moved to its current location. The lighthouse is still in use.
The Cannanore Cantonment is one of the 62 cantonment
Cantonment
A cantonment is a temporary or semi-permanent military or police quarters. The word cantonment is derived from the French word canton meaning corner or district, as is the name of the Cantons of Switzerland. In South Asia, the term cantonment also describes permanent military stations...

s in the country and the only one in Kerala. It was established by the British in the 19th century and is still an important location for Indian armed forces.
The Defence Security Corps
Defence Security Corps (India)
The Defence Security Corps , previously known as Defence Department Constabulary Centre, was founded on 25 April 1947 at Mathura in Uttar Pradesh state in north India. The Defence Security Corps, with 31,000 personnel, provides security at Defence Ministry sites...

(DSC) Centre and DSC Records is located in Kannur town, on the road to Payyambalam Beach
Payyambalam Beach
Payyambalam Beach is a beach in Kannur district of Kerala in India that attracts tourists and local people. It often finds mention in tourism related publications as a beautiful beach. It has now a garden close to it. The beach is just 2 km from Kannur town....

. The area is a part of the Cannanore Cantonment and is maintained by the Cantonment Board. The DSC centre at Kannur is the mother depot to all platoon
Platoon
A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four sections or squads and containing 16 to 50 soldiers. Platoons are organized into a company, which typically consists of three, four or five platoons. A platoon is typically the smallest military unit led by a commissioned officer—the...

s in the country.
Baby Beach is so called because it is smaller than its larger neighbour, Payyambalam Beach. St. Angelo Fort
St. Angelo Fort
St. Angelo Fort , is a fort facing the Arabian Sea, situated 3 km from the town of Kannur, a city in Kerala state, south India.-History:...

is adjacent to it. The baby beach is part of the Cannanore Cantonment and access may be restricted at times.
Meenkunnu Beach
Meenkunnu Beach
Meenkunnu Beach, is a beach in Kannur district of Kerala, India. It is endowed with vast stretch of golden sand and coconut trees.-Location:...

at Azhikode
Azhikode, Kannur
Azhikode is a coastal village situated in Kannur district of Kerala, south India. The place is the birth place of Sukumar Azhikode, an influential thinker and literary critic. It is about 5 km from Kannur.-Politics:...

, just a few kilometres from the town.
Mopla Bay in Ayikkara, near St. Angelo fort, is a major fishing harbor overlooking the Arabian Sea
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui in northeastern Somalia and Kanyakumari in India...

.

The Azhikkal Ferry operates near Azhikode, about 10 km from Kannur town, where the Valapattanam river joins the Arabian Sea
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui in northeastern Somalia and Kanyakumari in India...

. The Azhikkal ferry gives a magnificent view of the sunset. There is a granite pathway here which stretches 2 km into the sea. Frequent passenger boats are available to Mattool, Parassinikkadavu
Parassinikkadavu
Parassinkkadavu is a small village about 16 km from Kannur town in the Kannur district of Kerala state, south India. It is a popular tourist destination in north Kerala...

and Valapattanam from here.
The Kannur City Center is a prominent shopping center on Fort Road
Fort Road, Kannur
Fort Road, in Kannur town of Kerala, South India, is a busy shopping area. The road is so-named, because it leads to the St. Angelo Fort.Fort Road is the business hub of Kannur town. Many business and banks have their Kannur branches and outlets on Fort Road. Some of the prominent shopping outlets...

.
Sea View Park, near Payyambalam Beach, is overlooked by the Government Guest House. The Park is elevated above the sea level and gives a magnificent view of the sunset.
Kannur Central Bus Terminal is Kerala's biggest bus terminal. Located at Thavakkara, it is also India's first bus terminal to be developed on a build-operate-transfer (BOT) basis.
Vismaya amusement park
Vismaya
Vismaya is an amusement water theme park situated near Taliparamba in Kannur, Kerala. The park is developed and run by Malabar Tourism Development Co-operative Limited . It is situated near to the famous Muthappan temple in Parassinikadavu. It was officially inaugurated in August 2008 and since...

is in Parassinikadavu, 17 km from Kannur town. The amusement park is located on 30 acres (121,405.8 m²) of land and can handle 3,000-3,500 visitors at a time.
Peralassery Subrahmanya Swami Kshetram is 14 km from Kannur on Koothuparamba Road. It has been believed that Lord Rama stayed here when he was going in search of Sita Devi.
Anjarakandy, Asia's largest cinnamon
Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several trees from the genus Cinnamomum that is used in both sweet and savoury foods...

estate, is situated 18 km from Kannur. It was established by the East India Company
East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...

in 1797 as a cinnamon plantation. A historical war between Pazhassi Raja
Pazhassi Raja
Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja , popularly known as Kerala Simham or Lion of Kerala, was the Hindu Nair King of Kottayam , which was based in modern Kannur District, North Malabar zone of Kerala State in...

and the British Army
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...

was fought from here in the year 1803. Kannur Medical College is also located here.
Muzhappilangad Beach
Muzhappilangad Beach
Muzhappilangad Drive-in Beach is a beach in the state of Kerala in southwestern India. It is located parallel to National Highway 17 between Kannur and Thalassery....

is the biggest drive-in beach in Asia.
Parassinikadavu Sree Muthappan is a beautiful riverside kshetram (temple) that receives thousands of visitors.
Madayi Kavu
Madayi Kavu
Madayi Kavu, also known as Thiruvar Kadu Bhagavathi Temple, is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Kali Amma in Kerala, India. The temple, now under the administration of Devaswom Board, was originally under the control of the Kolathiri kings...

is a temple dedicated to Kali Amma
Kali
' , also known as ' , is the Hindu goddess associated with power, shakti. The name Kali comes from kāla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Kali means "the black one". Since Shiva is called Kāla - the eternal time, Kālī, his consort, also means "Time" or "Death" . Hence, Kāli is...

, situated in Madayi
Madayi
Madayi is a small place in Kannur district, Kerala, South India. It is located near Payangadi.Madayi is also the site of the famous Madayi Kavu where devotees worship Mother Kali, Shakthi. The Goddess is known for Her blessings on devotees, and the temple is also famous for the Koyikalasham...

near Payangadi
Payangadi
Payangadi means old market. Payangadi is a small township approximately 22 kilometers north of Kannur town, in Kerala, South India. The west side of this town is Madayi Hills and one side is Payangadi Rivers. Ezhimala, the hills with lot of medical herbs and ancient history is situated nearly 4...

.
Thottada Beach
Thottada Beach
Thottada Beach is a beautiful beach in Kannur district of Kerala, south India. It is situated at Thottada just about 2.5 km from the NH 17 connecting Kannur town and Thalassery, it is hardly 7 km from Kannur town if you come through aadi Kadalai Temple route. The virgin beach...

is a beautiful beach in Kannur district. It is situated just about 2.5 km from the NH 17 connecting Kannur town and Thalassery
Thalassery
Thalassery , also known as Tellicherry, is a city on the Malabar Coast of Kerala, India. This is the second largest city of North Malabar in terms of population. The name Tellicherry is the anglicized form of Thalassery. Thalassery municipality has a population just less than 100,000. Established...

.

Education

In the 14th and 15th centuries, during the regime of the Kolathiri Rajas, Taliparamba
Taliparamba
Taliparamba is a city and a municipality in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala and spread over an area of 43.05 km2. It stretches from the coastal area of Ramanthali to Nuchiyard and Vayathur villages, touching the Karnataka border.Taliparamba is a big town of 67,000 people...

was renowned in Kerala as a seat of learning, enlightenment and culture. In the early days, the Eshuthu pallies under the Ezhuthachan or village school

School

A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools...

master provided facilities to pupils to acquire elementary education. After undergoing the preliminary course of study in these institutions, the children were sent to the kalari

Kalari

The word Kalari means battle ground in Tamil and translates as "threshing floor" or "battlefield" in Malayalam. Training for Kalarippayattu, a martial art of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, is traditionally done inside the Kalari....

es for acquiring training in gymnastics

Gymnastics

Gymnastics is a sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, and balance. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique with each country having its own national governing body...

and in the use of arms and then they were sent to study Sanskrit

Sanskrit

Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

in Vedic schools. This district had in the past, its share of such kalaries and Vedic schools. The art of Kalaripayattu is particularly associated with this district.

The beginning of western education in the district may be traced back to the middle of the 16th century. The first English school, known as the Basel German Mission

Basel Mission

The Basel Mission is a Christian missionary society active from 1815 to 2001, when it was merged into Mission 21, the successor organization of Kooperation Evangelischer Kirchen und Missione founded in 2001....

English School, was started on 1 March 1856 at Thalassery

Thalassery

Thalassery , also known as Tellicherry, is a city on the Malabar Coast of Kerala, India. This is the second largest city of North Malabar in terms of population. The name Tellicherry is the anglicized form of Thalassery. Thalassery municipality has a population just less than 100,000. Established...

. The Brennen School at Thalassery, the nucleus of the present Government Brennen College, was started in 1862 with a generous donation made by Mr. Brennen, Master Attendant at Thalassery

Thalassery

.

Kannur District has 5 Kendriya Vidyalaya

Kendriya Vidyalaya

Kendriya Vidyalaya, is a system of central government schools under the Ministry of Human Resource Development ....

located at *Kannur, *Keltron Nagar , , *Payyanur, *Ezhimala, and *Peringome, Thalassery

Kannur University

Kannur University

Kannur University was established in 1996 to provide development of higher education in Kasaragod, Kannur, and Wayanad districts of Kerala, India.It was established after the promulagation of Act No. 22 of 1996 of Kerala Legislative Assembly...

was established by the Act 22 of 1996 of Kerala Legislative Assembly

Kerala Legislative Assembly

The Kerala Legislative Assembly more popularly known as Niyamasabha , is the law making body of Kerala, one of the 28 States in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives and one nominated member from the Anglo-Indian community...

. The University by the name “Malabar University” had come into existence even earlier by the promulgaton of an ordinance by the Governor of Kerala, on 9 November 1995. The University was inaugurated on 2 March 1996 by the Chief Minister of Kerala

Chief Minister of Kerala

The Chief Minister of Kerala is the elected head of government of the state of Kerala, India. By the Constitution of India, the Chief minister is appointed by the Governor of the state....

. The objective of the Kannur University

Kannur University

Act 1996 was to establish in the state of Kerala a teaching, residential and affiliating university so as to provide for the development of higher education in Kasargod and Kannur

Kannur district

revenue districts and the Mananthavady

Mananthavady

Mananthavady is a small town on the banks of Mananthavady Puzha a tributary of the Kabini River in the Wayanad district of Kerala, India.This area was once ruled by the Pazhassi dynasty and the tomb of Pazhassi Raja is an important heritage site located in the heart of the town. This is also the...

Taluk of Wayanad district. Kannur University

Kannur University

is a multi-campus university. The present Vice-Chancellor of Kannur University

Kannur University

is Dr P. K. Michael Tharakan, who took over from Dr P. Chandramohan.

Government College of Engineering, Kannur was established in 1986 as a center for imparting engineering education in northern Kerala. Today the college is one among the top ten engineering colleges of the state, providing higher studies in the field of technical education.

Pariyaram Medical College

Pariyaram Medical College

Pariyaram Medical College was established in March 1993 at Pariyaram in Kannur district, Kerala state, South India.The nucleus for this building complex was the Pariyaram Sanitorium which was inaugurated way back in 1938 or so. The engineer who built the building was Mr...

was established in 1999 near Taliparamba

Taliparamba

Taliparamba is a city and a municipality in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala and spread over an area of 43.05 km2. It stretches from the coastal area of Ramanthali to Nuchiyard and Vayathur villages, touching the Karnataka border.Taliparamba is a big town of 67,000 people...

. The Medical college is at a distance of 10 km from Payyanur

Payyanur

and 32 km north of Kannur. Kannur Medical College was established in 2006 at Anjarakkandy

Anjarakkandy

Anjarakandy is the name of a village Gram panchayath and a census town in Kannur taluk. Anjrakandy river is flowing through Anjarakandy Kannur taluk in Kannur District, Kerala state South India.-History:...

with a 500 bed hospital.

The thirteenth National Institute of Fashion Technology

National Institute of Fashion Technology

National Institute of Fashion Technology is a prestigious fashion institute in India. It was set up in 1986 under the aegis of the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India and is a premier institution in design, management and technology, developing professionals leadership positions in the...

(NIFT) Campus in Kannur is located in Dharmashala in Mangattuparamba, 15 km north of Kannur town.

AKG Memorial Co-Operative College of Nursing is located at Poduvachery road Mavilayi, Kannur .

Road

Kannur is on the National Highway 66

National Highway 17 (India)

National Highway 17, commonly referred to as NH 17, now renamed as NH 66, is a busy National Highway in India that runs roughly north-south along the western coast of India, parallel to western ghats. It connects Panvel, near Mumbai to Kochi, passing through the states of Maharashtra, Goa,...

or NH 66 ( formerly National Highway 17 ) between Kozhikode

Kozhikode

and Mangalore

Mangalore

Mangalore is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located about west of the state capital, Bangalore. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district in south western...

. Four laning of this highway is scheduled to start soon. A bypass for Kannur city is also proposed under the NH widening project. Kannur is connected to Kodagu

Kodagu

Kodagu , also known by its anglicised former name of Coorg, is an administrative district in Karnataka, India. It occupies an area of in the Western Ghats of southwestern Karnataka. As of 2001, the population was 548,561, 13.74% of which resided in the district's urban centres, making it the least...

, Mysore and Bangalore

Bangalore

Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...

in Karnataka through Thalassery

Thalassery

-Coorg-Mysore interstate Highway.

Kannur has several private and KSRTC

Kerala State Road Transport Corporation

Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is the state-run bus company in Kerala, India. It is one of the oldest state run public bus transport services in India.-History:...

buses plying to places inside and outside Kannur district. Kannur is well connected to its suburbs through several city buses. Kannur city has four bus terminals namely Kannur Central Bus Terminal at Thavakkara

Thavakkara

Thavakkara is a small area located in the heart of Kannur City of Kerala, India. There are well known temples, schools, hotels and business firms in Thavakkara. Its located near to Central Railway Station in Kannur. Kannur's Main Municipal Bus Terminal is in Thavakkara.Thavakkara got its name from...

which is Keralas Biggest Bus Terminal, Old Bus Stand near to Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, City Bus Stand near to the District HQ Hospital and the KSRTC bus stand at Caltex Junction(on NH-66

National Highway 17 (India)

Railway

Kannur Railway Station

Kannur, also known as Cannanore, is one of the busiest railway station in Kerala located in the Kannur City. It is operated by the Southern Railway of the Indian Railways. There are many trains operating towards Southern Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Mumbai and North India...

is one among the major Railway stations in Southern Railway

Southern Railway Zone (India)

The Southern Railway is the earliest of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways created in independent India. It was created on April 14, 1951 by merging three state railways namely Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway, and the Mysore State Railway. The South Indian Railway...

, under the jurisdiction of Palakkad Division

Palakkad Railway Division

Palakad Railway Division is one of the 6 divisions of the Southern Railway Zone of India, and is the oldest in Kerala. It is headquartered in Palakkad. Palakkad Division was one of the biggest railway divisions in Southern Railway...

. All trains including the Trivandrum Rajdhani Express and Kochuveli

Kochuveli Railway Station

Kochuveli Railway Station Malayalam:കൊച്ചുവേളി is one of the main stations of Thiruvananthapuram city in the Indian state of Kerala. It is being developed to ease congestion on Thiruvananthapuram central station....

Garib Rath

Kochuveli-Lokmanya Tilak Garib Rath

Train Number 12202/12201 Kochuveli-Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Garib Rath express runs between Kochuveli, Trivandrum to Lokmanya Tilak Terminus near Mumbai.-Route:Runs via Konkan Stretch....

stop at Kannur. 6 Daily trains and around 15 weekly or bi-weekly trains connect kannur to the capital Trivandrum. There are a few express trains starting from Kannur to places like Yeshvantpur

Yeshvantapur Railway Station

**Yeshvantapur, a residential locality of Bangalore city, located around 6 km from the city centre. It is one of the developing stations of Bangalore created for reducing the rush at Bangalore City Railway Station.- Location :...

(Bangalore

Bangalore

), Alappuzha

Alappuzha

Alappuzha , also known as Alleppey, is a town in Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India. As per 2001 census Alleppey is the sixth largest city in Kerala with an urban population of 177,029. Alleppey is situated to the south of Kochi and north of Trivandrum...

and Ernakulam

Ernakulam

. Kannur South, Chirakkal

Chirakkal, Kannur

Chirakkal is a census town in Kannur district in the state of Kerala, India. It is 7 km from Kannur town.India census, Chirakkal has a population of 43,290. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Chirakkal has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average...

, Valapattanam and Pappinisseri

Pappinisseri

Pappinisseri is a census town in Kannur districtകണ്ണൂര്‍ கண்ணூர் कण्णूर in the Indian state of Kerala.-Geography:Pappinisseri is located at . It has an average elevation of 1 metres .-Demographics:...

are some minor railway stations near to Kannur were only passenger trains stops. Survey for a railway line from Kannur South to the Kannur International Airport

Kannur International Airport

Kannur International Airport is an upcoming international airport located at Mattanur in Kannur District, Kerala, India. The airport is the fourth international airport in Kerala.As of 19 July 2011, has been acquired for the airport out of notified...

in Mattannur is announced in 2011-2012 Union Railway Budget.

Air

Two airports — one at Mangalore

Mangalore

, Karnataka

Karnataka

Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...

in the north about 173 kilometer away and one at Kozhikode

Calicut International Airport

Calicut International Airport , also known as Karipur Airport, is an International Airport serving the city of Kozhikode , Kerala, India. The airport is located in Karipur, Malappuram district about from the Kozhikode Railway Station and from the city of Malappuram, with the closest railway...

in the south — about 125 kilometres away from Kannur town provide air services to the city.

A new international airport is under construction near Mattanur in Kannur district. Kannur International Airport

Kannur International Airport

's foundation stone was laid by V. S. Achuthanandan

V. S. Achuthanandan

Velikkakathu Sankaran Achuthanandan is an Indian politician and a former Chief Minister of the state of Kerala. He had been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India since 1985, and until July 2009, when he was reverted to the Central Committee of the party owing to his...

, Chief Minister of Kerala, on 17 December 2010. The Airport is proposed to be completed by 2013.

Seaport

Kannur is an ancient sea port. The nearest all-weather sea port is Mangalore

Mangalore

in Karnataka

Karnataka

state. Azhikkal

Azhikkal

port in Kannur has been included for developing coastal shipping by the Government of India under the National Maritime Development Programme (NMDP). A Detailed Project Report (DPR) has been prepared by ICICI

Ičići

Icici is a small place located in the north-east part of Istria, Croatia . It is located under a mountain Učka, on the north part of the Adriatic Sea....

-KINFRA for the development of Azhikkal

Azhikkal

port.

Media

Malayalam movie actors Sreenivasan

Sreenivasan

Sreenivasan is an award winning Indian film actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. He is noted for his satirical, screwball, and black comedy screenplays. As an actor he is famous for his comic performances....

, Vineeth Sreenivasan

Vineeth Sreenivasan

Vineeth Sreenivasan is an Indian playback singer, film actor, director, and screenwriter. He is the son of actor Sreenivasan. He made his debut as a director with his film Malarvaadi Arts Club .- Biography :...

, Vineeth

Vineeth

Vineeth is an Indian film actor and classical dancer who has acted in several well received films in his native Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada films. He studied in Good Shepherd Public School, Ooty, and at St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Thalassery.Vineeth is nephew of the famous Travancore...

, Vineeth Kumar, Samvrutha Sunil

Samvrutha Sunil

Samvrutha Sunil is a South Indian actress from Kerala. She was introduced to the film industry through a Malayalam film Rasikan opposite Dileep. She had acted in several films in Tamil and Malayalam...

, TV Chandran, Manju Warrier

Manju Warrier

Manju Warrier is an Indian film actress. She was among the popular lead actress in Malayalam cinema during the mid to late-1990s.She made her debut in Saakshyam...

, Archana Kavi, and Sanusha

Sanusha

Sanusha, also known as Baby Sanusha born November 3, 1996, is an Indian film actress. She started her acting career as a child artist in Malayalam films and went on to star in many television serials.-Career:...

are from Kannur District, as are music composers K. Raghavan

K. Raghavan

K. Raghavan is a Malayalam music composer. Along with Baburaj, Raghavan is often credited for the renaissance of Malayalam film music. K.Raghavan gave a new direction and identity to Malayalam film music.As he searched for the right tune for the lyrics, little did K...

, Kannur Rajan

Kannur Rajan

Kannur Rajan was a notable music composer from Kerala, India. He died in the year 2000 at his home town in Kannur. Though his contributions are few, they are noted as nostalgic in the Malayalam film songs....

, and Sathyan Edakkad.

Many local cable television channels are available in Kannur. The most popular cable channels are City Channel, City Gold, City Juke, Network Channel(s) (Payyanur

Payyanur

), Zeal Network, Kannur Vision, World Vision, Worldvision Music, Chakkarakkal, and Gramika channel Koothuparamba.

All India Radio

All India Radio

All India Radio , officially known since 1956 as Akashvani , is the radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati. Established in 1936, it is the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster. All India Radio is one of the largest radio networks...

is broadcast in Kannur at 101.5 megahertz.
Private FM radio stations in Kannur include:
Radio Mango 91.9 (the Malayala Manorama Co Ltd),
Club FM

Club FM 94.3

Club FM is a private FM radio station for the state of Kerala in India, operated by the Mathrubhumi in Kerala, specialising in popular music throughout the day. It bagged three of the RAPA awards in 2007, instituted by the Radio and TV Advertising Practitioners Association of India to honor...

94.3 (the Mathrubhumi Printing And Publishing Co Ltd),
Red FM

Red FM (India)

Red FM is an Indian FM radio brand, with stations broadcasting at 93.5 megahertz in the cities of Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Kanpur in addition to Jamshedpur, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Indore, Nashik, Aurangabad, Nagpur, Bangalore, Mysore, Mangalore, Gulbarga, Kochi, Trivandrum, Thrissur, Kannur,...

93.5 (Sun Network), and
Best FM 95.0 (Asianet Communications Ltd).

A number of newspapers are published from Kannur, including the Mathrubhumi
Mathrubhumi
Mathrubhumi is a Malayalam language newspaper that is published from Kerala, India. Mathrubhumi was founded by K. P. Kesava Menon, an active volunteer in the Indian freedom struggle against the British.-History:...

, Malayala Manorama
Malayala Manorama
Malayala Manorama is a daily news paper, in Malayalam language, published in the state of Kerala, India. It was first published as a weekly on 14 March 1890, and currently has a readership of over 16 million . The Malayalam word "manorama" roughly translates to "entertainer"...

, Deshabhimani, Deepika, Chandrika
Chandrika
This article is about a Malayalam newspaper. For the soap brand, see Chandrika .Chandrika is a Malayalam newspaper run by the Indian Union Muslim League, Kerala. It is published from Kozhikode and was the first attempt to have a newspaper from Malabar Muslims to support the political party...

, Kerala Kaumudi
Kerala Kaumudi
Kerala Kaumudi is a popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911 by C. V. Kunhiraman with K. Sukumaran B.A. as the founder editor. Printed from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the third most circulated Malayalam daily. The...

, News First, Janmabhumi
Janmabhumi
Janmabhumi Newspaper is an Indian daily newspaper founded in 1977, published in a broadsheet format and owned by Matruka Pracharanalayam Ltd.The paper's Managing Director is Kummanam Rajashekharan.The paper's editor in chief is Hari S. Kartha....

, Veekshanam, Madhyamam
Madhyamam
Madhyamam is a Malayalam daily newspaper published from Kerala, India, since 1987.. It was founded in 1987 by the initiatives of Jamaat-e-Islami Hind. It has 10 editions in India and its Gulf edition Gulf Madhyamam has 9 in the Middle East...

, Thejas
Thejas
Thejas is a Malayalam news daily run by Intermedia Publishing Ltd., a Public Limited Company based in Calicut. Thejas is the Malayalam mouthpiece of Popular front of india. It started functioning from Republic Day of India in Feb 2006. Within a short span of three months it started another edition...

, and Siraj
Siraj Daily
Siraj is a daily newspaper in Malayalam language. It was established in 1984. The newspaper belongs to Thoufeeque Publications. It is published from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kannur and Dubai. The head office of the newspaper is at Calicut. The editor is VPM Faisy Villyapalli....

.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Etymology

History

Geography and climate

Demographics

Landmarks

Education

Road

Railway

Air

Seaport

Media

See also

External links