Kemayoran
Encyclopedia
Kemayoran is a subdistrict
of Central Jakarta
, Jakarta
, Indonesia
. Kemayoran is roughly bounded by Landas Pacu Barat and Landas Pacu Timur road to the north, Letjend Suprapto Road to the south, and a canal along the Sunter Raya road to the northeast. The area is best known as the location of the former Kemayoran Airport
, although the area of the former airport itself is actually located in two subdistrict, the northern part lies on the Subdistrict of Pademangan
, North Jakarta
while the southern part lies on the Subdistrict of Kemayoran, Central Jakarta
. Kemayoran is the location of annual Jakarta Fair
.
to Bogor
, physical development is still limited to the area near the city center around the Sunda Kelapa
harbor area. Limitations of this development is partly due to the condition of Batavia being a walled city with fortifications because of many attacks from local Sultanates to seize Batavia, as well as because of the centralized system of the government. Only in 1810 that the city wall of Batavia was demolished, during the reign of Daendels. Meanwhile, rural areas and suburbs of Batavia are still largely 'untouched' with several native villages. These rural areas were later shared to several landlords, one of which is the area that is now known as Kemayoran.
The area that was known as Kemayoran was formerly a land owned by the Dutch East India Company
(VOC) commander, Isaac de l'Ostal de Saint-Martin (ca 1629-1696). At the end of 17th century, Isaac owned a large area in Java , which includes the area that is now Kemayoran, part of Ancol
, Krukut at Tegalangus, and Cinere
. Isaac held the title major
, which is where the name Kemayoran come from. The name Mayoran first appears in Java Government Gazette on February 24, 1816, described as "a land close to Weltevreden". Later, the area was known as Kemayoran until now.
Until early 20th century, the Kemayoran area is still dominated by swamps and paddies
with small settlements. Administratively, Kemayoran is a Weekmeester governed by a Bek ("Defender"). After the independence of Indonesia, Kemayoran became part of the Sawah Besar
Kecamatan (Subdistrict), Penjaringan, Jakarta Raya. From 1963 to 1968, Kemayoran was part of the Kecamatan of Senen
, Jakarta Raya. Then since 1968 until now, Kemayoran became a Kecamatan of Central Jakarta
municipality.
At first, the inhabitants of Kemayoran are a native from a mixture of several ethnic group from the local kingdom of Pajajaran, Demak, Mataram
, and several foreign nations who arrived as immigrants. After the Dutch occupied, there are immigrants from China, India, Sumatra, and East Indonesia that are used as workers for the expansion and development of Batavia or to participate in military service against Sultan Hasanuddin and Sultan Agung of Mataram.
Under the government of Daendels, in order to collect funds for the construction of the new Anyer
-Panarukan road, some lands were sold to private owners. Generally, the buyers are Dutch, Chinese and Arabic origin. Among them is Roosendaal, H. Hussein Madani (Indo-Dutch), Abdullah, and De Groof. These landlords have the power to regulate land from users, who are indigenous population and serf
. After slavery was abolished, these people became a farmer that works for the landlords, the landlords will determine the taxes to be paid.
Until 1903, Batavia moved to a decentralized form of government, which marked the period of modern colonialism of Batavia. Many lands are repaired, canals are constructed, and the city is expanded. Lands are purchased for the expansion of the city, which included the settlements of Kemayoran, Petojo, Jatibaru, Cideng, Kramat, and Tanah Tinggi. These lands were allocated for lower middle class people. More affluent citizens such as the Dutch people and other higher class people live closer to the center, such as in the Menteng
residential area.
Many of the people who resides in Kemayoran were Indo people (mixed Dutch and Indonesian). Most of them lived in Jl. Garuda. Even after the Second World War, many former Dutch soldiers settled in Kemayoran. Around the 1930s, Kemayoran was known as a settlement of the Indo people, arrising a new nickname for Kemayoran, "Belanda Kemayoran" (roughly translated as Kemayoran Netherlands). After Indonesian independence, a wave of urban migrants arrived in Kemayoran and Jakarta from various regions in Indonesia such as West Java
, Central Java
, Sumatra
, Kalimantan
, East Nusa Tenggara
, and West Nusa Tenggara
. Kemayoran transformed into a more crowded settlements.
In 1935, Kemayoran Airport was opened. This changed the economy of Kemayoran from agriculture to service, but also caused less urban development in Kemayoran (tall buildings are not allowed in Kemayoran). Although Kemayoran is located close to downtown Jakarta (around what is now known as Merdeka Square
, Gambir
Subdistrict), there are no significant economic center in Kemayoran. In addition, the development of plan of Jakarta was more weighted toward the south of downtown Jakarta. Until mid 1980s, the area of Kemayoran was still a sparsely distributed settlements with vacant lands. The way Kemayoran area was kept away from developments caused several indigenous culture to stay undisturbed in Kemayoran. Even now, the Betawi
culture, the local culture of Jakarta, is often identified with the Kemayoran area.
In 1986, Kemayoran airport was officially closed. The area that was formerly an airport was gradually turned into other developments such as Pekan Raya Jakarta and Kotabaru Kemayoran Bandar Kemayoran (both of these were actually located in Pademangan
Subdistrict in North Jakarta
instead of Kemayoran Subdistrict in Central Jakarta
. Without the airport, highrises started to be constructed in Kemayoran. These changes transform Kemayoran into a more metropolitan city. Consequently, cultural values such as the Betawi Culture is threatened.
culture, fluorished in Kemayoran. Among them is the kroncong
music, a mixture of indigenous music and Portuguese fado
music. Kroncong Tugu, a variation of kroncong that originally came from Tugu (about 12 km east of present Jakarta), is a variation that is closely associated with Kemayoran.
Gambang
music also developed in Kemayoran under the influence of China. The variation of gambang that developed in Kemayoran is often called Gambang Kemayoran and it is not referred to as Gambang Kromong because the kromong (a kind of percussion) is not used. Songs that are popular at the time including Onde-onde, Si Jongkong Kopyor, and Kapal Karem.
The Wayang Kulit of Kemayoran originates from Javanese influences. The main difference is that the language used is the Betawi language
instead of Javanese language
. During the colonial era, Wayang Kulit was usually performed at ceremonies such as wedding ceremony, circumcision ceremony, and New Year party.
One of the popular artist associated with Kemayoran theater is Benyamin Sueb
.
Pencak silat
, a martial art of the Betawi people, also fluorished in Kemayoran. Branch of pencak silat what is developed in Kemayoran is Beksi, Dingkrik, Si tembak, Sin lam ba, and Kolong meja. Until late 80's, it is a common routine for children to practice pencak silat after the Isha prayers
.
During the 1990s, many of the traditional art and culture of Betawi characteristic of Kemayoran slowly disappeared.
(VOC)) who applied huge taxes to the local people. One of the popular hero from the legend is Murtado "Si Macan Kemayoran" ("the Kemayoran Tiger") who protected the Kemayoran village area against the VOC henchmen and the local bully who oppressed the villagers.
Subdistricts of Indonesia
In Indonesia, a kecamatan or district is a subdivision of a regency or of a city . A district is itself divided into kelurahan or administrative villages....
of Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta is one of the five cities which form Jakarta, Indonesia. It had 898,883 inhabitants at the 2010 Census.Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five cities of Jakarta. It is the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia...
, Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. Kemayoran is roughly bounded by Landas Pacu Barat and Landas Pacu Timur road to the north, Letjend Suprapto Road to the south, and a canal along the Sunter Raya road to the northeast. The area is best known as the location of the former Kemayoran Airport
Kemayoran Airport
Kemayoran Airport, also spelled Kemajoran Airport, was the principal airport for Jakarta, Indonesia, from 8 July 1940 until March 31, 1985, when it was replaced by Soekarno-Hatta International Airport...
, although the area of the former airport itself is actually located in two subdistrict, the northern part lies on the Subdistrict of Pademangan
Pademangan
Pademangan is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The area of Pademangan stretches from the Sunda Kelapa Harbor on the east to the western area of Tanjung Priok Harbor to the east. Pademangan also covers the area that was formerly known as Kemayoran Airport...
, North Jakarta
North Jakarta
North Jakarta is one of the five cities of Jakarta, Indonesia. North Jakarta contains the entire coastal area within Jakarta Special District. In North Jakarta, an area at the estuary of Ciliwung river was the main port for the kingdom of Tarumanegara, which will later grows to become Jakarta....
while the southern part lies on the Subdistrict of Kemayoran, Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta is one of the five cities which form Jakarta, Indonesia. It had 898,883 inhabitants at the 2010 Census.Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five cities of Jakarta. It is the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia...
. Kemayoran is the location of annual Jakarta Fair
Jakarta Fair
Jakarta Fair is a fair held annually in Jakarta International Expo Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia, around June to July. It features exhibitions, trade promotions, shoppings, music performances, various shows, amusement rides, and food festival. The fair is meant to celebrate the anniversary of...
.
History
Even though the area that was known as Batavia stretches from TangerangTangerang
Tangerang is a city in the Province of Banten, Indonesia. It is located about 25 km west of Jakarta. It is the third largest urban center in the Jabotabek region after Jakarta and Bekasi. It has an area of 164.54 km² and an official intercensal estimated population of 1,537,244 for 2005...
to Bogor
Bogor
Bogor is a city on the island of Java in the West Java province of Indonesia. The city is located in the center of the Bogor Regency , 60 kilometers south of the Indonesian capital Jakarta...
, physical development is still limited to the area near the city center around the Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River. "Sunda Kalapa" is the original name, and it was the main port of Sunda Kingdom of Pajajaran. The port is situated in Penjaringan sub-district, of North Jakarta, Indonesia...
harbor area. Limitations of this development is partly due to the condition of Batavia being a walled city with fortifications because of many attacks from local Sultanates to seize Batavia, as well as because of the centralized system of the government. Only in 1810 that the city wall of Batavia was demolished, during the reign of Daendels. Meanwhile, rural areas and suburbs of Batavia are still largely 'untouched' with several native villages. These rural areas were later shared to several landlords, one of which is the area that is now known as Kemayoran.
The area that was known as Kemayoran was formerly a land owned by the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
(VOC) commander, Isaac de l'Ostal de Saint-Martin (ca 1629-1696). At the end of 17th century, Isaac owned a large area in Java , which includes the area that is now Kemayoran, part of Ancol
Ancol
right|thumbnail|Ancol Carnival BeachAncol is an Administrative Village in Pademangan Subdistrict, North Jakarta, Jakarta. It is located in the coastal lowland of Jakarta. Ancol is bounded by Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa harbor to the west, and Kali Japat canal to the east. Ancol has the...
, Krukut at Tegalangus, and Cinere
Cinere
Cinere is a district north of the city of Depok in Jawa Barat province, approximately 15 kilometers south of Jakarta.It has a population of 113,716...
. Isaac held the title major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
, which is where the name Kemayoran come from. The name Mayoran first appears in Java Government Gazette on February 24, 1816, described as "a land close to Weltevreden". Later, the area was known as Kemayoran until now.
Until early 20th century, the Kemayoran area is still dominated by swamps and paddies
Paddy field
A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice farming in east, south and southeast Asia. Paddies can be built into steep hillsides as terraces and adjacent to depressed or steeply sloped features such...
with small settlements. Administratively, Kemayoran is a Weekmeester governed by a Bek ("Defender"). After the independence of Indonesia, Kemayoran became part of the Sawah Besar
Sawah Besar
Sawah Besar was originally known as Weltevreden and is a subdistrict of Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict contains one of the oldest area in Jakarta, which is centered around Lapangan Banteng on the southeast part of Sawah Besar...
Kecamatan (Subdistrict), Penjaringan, Jakarta Raya. From 1963 to 1968, Kemayoran was part of the Kecamatan of Senen
Senen
Senen is one of the historic subdistrict of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Its close proximity with the some of the historic center of Jakarta: Merdeka Square and Lapangan Banteng means that this area is one of the historic area in Jakarta...
, Jakarta Raya. Then since 1968 until now, Kemayoran became a Kecamatan of Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta is one of the five cities which form Jakarta, Indonesia. It had 898,883 inhabitants at the 2010 Census.Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five cities of Jakarta. It is the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia...
municipality.
At first, the inhabitants of Kemayoran are a native from a mixture of several ethnic group from the local kingdom of Pajajaran, Demak, Mataram
Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram was the last major independent Javanese empire on Java before the island was colonized by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force in interior Central Java from the late 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century....
, and several foreign nations who arrived as immigrants. After the Dutch occupied, there are immigrants from China, India, Sumatra, and East Indonesia that are used as workers for the expansion and development of Batavia or to participate in military service against Sultan Hasanuddin and Sultan Agung of Mataram.
Under the government of Daendels, in order to collect funds for the construction of the new Anyer
Anyer
Anyer is a town in Banten, formerly West Java, Indonesia, fifteen kilometres south of Merak. It is home of a forty metre lighthouse built by King Willem III of the Netherlands in 1885 as a memorial for the townspeople killed by the eruption of Krakatau, which destroyed the town.It is also the...
-Panarukan road, some lands were sold to private owners. Generally, the buyers are Dutch, Chinese and Arabic origin. Among them is Roosendaal, H. Hussein Madani (Indo-Dutch), Abdullah, and De Groof. These landlords have the power to regulate land from users, who are indigenous population and serf
SERF
A spin exchange relaxation-free magnetometer is a type of magnetometer developed at Princeton University in the early 2000s. SERF magnetometers measure magnetic fields by using lasers to detect the interaction between alkali metal atoms in a vapor and the magnetic field.The name for the technique...
. After slavery was abolished, these people became a farmer that works for the landlords, the landlords will determine the taxes to be paid.
Until 1903, Batavia moved to a decentralized form of government, which marked the period of modern colonialism of Batavia. Many lands are repaired, canals are constructed, and the city is expanded. Lands are purchased for the expansion of the city, which included the settlements of Kemayoran, Petojo, Jatibaru, Cideng, Kramat, and Tanah Tinggi. These lands were allocated for lower middle class people. More affluent citizens such as the Dutch people and other higher class people live closer to the center, such as in the Menteng
Menteng
Menteng is a subdistrict of Central Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the special capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia.The subdistrict is best known as the location of the Menteng residential area, a new urban design developed in the 1910s to become a residential area for Dutch...
residential area.
Many of the people who resides in Kemayoran were Indo people (mixed Dutch and Indonesian). Most of them lived in Jl. Garuda. Even after the Second World War, many former Dutch soldiers settled in Kemayoran. Around the 1930s, Kemayoran was known as a settlement of the Indo people, arrising a new nickname for Kemayoran, "Belanda Kemayoran" (roughly translated as Kemayoran Netherlands). After Indonesian independence, a wave of urban migrants arrived in Kemayoran and Jakarta from various regions in Indonesia such as West Java
West Java
West Java , with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population...
, Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
, Sumatra
Sumatra
Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the sixth largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 with a population of 50,365,538...
, Kalimantan
Kalimantan
In English, the term Kalimantan refers to the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo, while in Indonesian, the term "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo....
, East Nusa Tenggara
East Nusa Tenggara
East Nusa Tenggara is a province of Indonesia, located in the eastern portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, including West Timor. The provincial capital is Kupang, located on West Timor...
, and West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara is a province in south-central Indonesia. The province encompasses the western portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, except for Bali as the Wallace line running the length of the Lombok Strait forms the western boundary of the province....
. Kemayoran transformed into a more crowded settlements.
In 1935, Kemayoran Airport was opened. This changed the economy of Kemayoran from agriculture to service, but also caused less urban development in Kemayoran (tall buildings are not allowed in Kemayoran). Although Kemayoran is located close to downtown Jakarta (around what is now known as Merdeka Square
Merdeka Square, Jakarta
Merdeka Square is a large square located in the center of Jakarta, Indonesia. The square is surrounded by important government buildings such as the Merdeka Palace, the Supreme Court and various governmental ministries. At its center stands the National Monument...
, Gambir
Gambir
Gambir is a subdistrict of Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is characterized by many historic buildings from the colonial era. Gambir Subdistrict is the location of many political and administrative center of Jakarta and Indonesia...
Subdistrict), there are no significant economic center in Kemayoran. In addition, the development of plan of Jakarta was more weighted toward the south of downtown Jakarta. Until mid 1980s, the area of Kemayoran was still a sparsely distributed settlements with vacant lands. The way Kemayoran area was kept away from developments caused several indigenous culture to stay undisturbed in Kemayoran. Even now, the Betawi
Betawi
The Betawi are the descendants of the people living around Batavia from around the 17th century...
culture, the local culture of Jakarta, is often identified with the Kemayoran area.
In 1986, Kemayoran airport was officially closed. The area that was formerly an airport was gradually turned into other developments such as Pekan Raya Jakarta and Kotabaru Kemayoran Bandar Kemayoran (both of these were actually located in Pademangan
Pademangan
Pademangan is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The area of Pademangan stretches from the Sunda Kelapa Harbor on the east to the western area of Tanjung Priok Harbor to the east. Pademangan also covers the area that was formerly known as Kemayoran Airport...
Subdistrict in North Jakarta
North Jakarta
North Jakarta is one of the five cities of Jakarta, Indonesia. North Jakarta contains the entire coastal area within Jakarta Special District. In North Jakarta, an area at the estuary of Ciliwung river was the main port for the kingdom of Tarumanegara, which will later grows to become Jakarta....
instead of Kemayoran Subdistrict in Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta is one of the five cities which form Jakarta, Indonesia. It had 898,883 inhabitants at the 2010 Census.Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five cities of Jakarta. It is the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia...
. Without the airport, highrises started to be constructed in Kemayoran. These changes transform Kemayoran into a more metropolitan city. Consequently, cultural values such as the Betawi Culture is threatened.
Culture
Many ingenious culture, especially the BetawiBetawi
The Betawi are the descendants of the people living around Batavia from around the 17th century...
culture, fluorished in Kemayoran. Among them is the kroncong
Kroncong
Kroncong is the name of a ukulele-type instrument and an Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the kroncong , the band or combo or ensemble consist of a flute, a violin, a melody guitar, a cello in pizzicato style, string bass also in...
music, a mixture of indigenous music and Portuguese fado
Fado
Fado is a music genre which can be traced to the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar, Rui Vieira Nery, states that "the only reliable information on the history of Fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best...
music. Kroncong Tugu, a variation of kroncong that originally came from Tugu (about 12 km east of present Jakarta), is a variation that is closely associated with Kemayoran.
Gambang
Gambang
A gambang, properly called a gambang kayu is a xylophone-like instrument used among peoples of Indonesia and the southern Philippines in gamelan and kulintang, with wooden bars as opposed to the metallic ones of the more typical metallophones in a gamelan...
music also developed in Kemayoran under the influence of China. The variation of gambang that developed in Kemayoran is often called Gambang Kemayoran and it is not referred to as Gambang Kromong because the kromong (a kind of percussion) is not used. Songs that are popular at the time including Onde-onde, Si Jongkong Kopyor, and Kapal Karem.
The Wayang Kulit of Kemayoran originates from Javanese influences. The main difference is that the language used is the Betawi language
Betawi language
The Betawi language is the spoken language of the Betawi people in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the native language of about 2,700,000 people . It is a Malay-based creole, and closely related to Malay language. Betawi vocabulary have large amount of Hokkien Chinese, Arabic, and Dutch loanwords...
instead of Javanese language
Javanese language
Javanese language is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. In addition, there are also some pockets of Javanese speakers in the northern coast of western Java...
. During the colonial era, Wayang Kulit was usually performed at ceremonies such as wedding ceremony, circumcision ceremony, and New Year party.
One of the popular artist associated with Kemayoran theater is Benyamin Sueb
Benyamin Sueb
Benyamin Sueb was an Indonesian comedian, actor, and singer. He released 46 studio albums and starred in more than 50 films. He received two Citra Awards for Intan Berduri in 1973 and Si Doel Anak Modern in 1975.-Early life:Benyamin was born in Kemayoran, Batavia, on 5 March 1939...
.
Pencak silat
Pencak Silat
Pencak silat is an umbrella term for the indigenous martial arts created in Indonesia. The leading organization of pencak silat in Indonesia is IPSI...
, a martial art of the Betawi people, also fluorished in Kemayoran. Branch of pencak silat what is developed in Kemayoran is Beksi, Dingkrik, Si tembak, Sin lam ba, and Kolong meja. Until late 80's, it is a common routine for children to practice pencak silat after the Isha prayers
Isha'a
The Isha prayer is the night-time daily prayer recited by practising Muslims. It is the fifth of the five daily prayers– [islamic evening begins at maghrib]. The five daily prayers collectively are one pillar of the Five Pillars of Islam, in Sunni Islam, and one of the ten Practices of the...
.
During the 1990s, many of the traditional art and culture of Betawi characteristic of Kemayoran slowly disappeared.
Folklore
There are many folklore associated with Kemayoran area, usually involving the conflict between the indigenous people of Kemayoran and the Dutch kompeni (local term for Dutch East India CompanyDutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
(VOC)) who applied huge taxes to the local people. One of the popular hero from the legend is Murtado "Si Macan Kemayoran" ("the Kemayoran Tiger") who protected the Kemayoran village area against the VOC henchmen and the local bully who oppressed the villagers.
Kelurahan (Administrative Village)
The subdistrict of Kemayoran is divided into eight Kelurahan (Administrative Villages):- Gunung Sahari Selatan - area code 10610
- Kemayoran - area code 10620
- Kebon Kosong - area code 10630
- Cempaka Baru - area code 10640
- Harapan Mulya - area code 10640
- Sumur Batu - area code 10640
- Serdang - area code 10650
- Utan Panjang - area code 10650