Khan Temir
Encyclopedia
Khan Temir was a powerful khan
of the Budjak
Nogais
(Budjak Horde); around 1603, he formed and subsequently led the Nogai Khanate.
and was a dedicated enemy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
. He was the leader of the horde
s in Akkerman
, Budjak, and Dobruja
. He raided Commonwealth territory and often clashed with Polish-Lithuanian forces during the Moldavian Magnate Wars
.
In 1612, Khan Temir defeated the troops of Polish commander Stefan Potocki
and Moldavia
n Price Constantin Movilă at the Battle of Sasowy Róg. In 1620 he took part in the Battle of Ţuţora
, where he vastly contributed to the crushing victory of the Ottomans over the Poles-Lithuanians. In 1621 he fought at the Battle of Khotyn
.
On April 20, 1624, he was defeated by hetman
Stanisław Koniecpolski during the Battle of Martynów. After 1630 he aimed to take control of the Crimean Khanate
, where, in 1635, he took part in the Crimean Civil War. Defeated in 1637, he was executed on the orders of the Ottoman Sultan
Murad IV
.
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
of the Budjak
Budjak
Budjak or Budzhak is a historical region in the Odessa Oblast of Ukraine. Lying along the Black Sea between the Danube and Dniester rivers this multiethnic region was the southern part of Bessarabia...
Nogais
Nogais
The Nogai people are a Turkic ethnic group in Southern Russia: northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia and the Astrakhan Oblast; undefined number live in Chechnya...
(Budjak Horde); around 1603, he formed and subsequently led the Nogai Khanate.
Biography
A skilled military commander and politician, he served the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and was a dedicated enemy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
. He was the leader of the horde
Horde
Horde may refer to:* Ordo * a clan or army of steppe nomads . See Orda * the Blue and White Horde, formed 1226, 1227* the Golden Horde, a Turkic-Mongol state established in the 1240s...
s in Akkerman
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi is a city situated on the right bank of the Dniester Liman in the Odessa Oblast of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Bessarabia...
, Budjak, and Dobruja
Dobruja
Dobruja is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast...
. He raided Commonwealth territory and often clashed with Polish-Lithuanian forces during the Moldavian Magnate Wars
Moldavian Magnate Wars
The Moldavian Magnate Wars refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination and influence over the...
.
In 1612, Khan Temir defeated the troops of Polish commander Stefan Potocki
Stefan Potocki
Stefan Potocki was a Polish nobleman, starosta of Nizhyn.In the Battle of Zhovti Vody Stefan Potocki was wounded, taken prisoner of war and died from gangrene on May 19, 1648....
and Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
n Price Constantin Movilă at the Battle of Sasowy Róg. In 1620 he took part in the Battle of Ţuţora
Battle of Tutora (1620)
The Battle of Ţuţora was a battle between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman forces , fought from 17 September to 7 October 1620 in Moldavia, near the Prut River.- Prelude :Because of the failure of Commonwealth diplomatic mission to Constantinople, and violations of the Treaty of...
, where he vastly contributed to the crushing victory of the Ottomans over the Poles-Lithuanians. In 1621 he fought at the Battle of Khotyn
Battle of Khotyn (1621)
The Battle of Khotyn was a battle fought between a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army and an invading Ottoman Imperial army. Here, for a whole month , the Commonwealth forces halted the Ottoman advance...
.
On April 20, 1624, he was defeated by hetman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
Stanisław Koniecpolski during the Battle of Martynów. After 1630 he aimed to take control of the Crimean Khanate
Crimean Khanate
Crimean Khanate, or Khanate of Crimea , was a state ruled by Crimean Tatars from 1441 to 1783. Its native name was . Its khans were the patrilineal descendants of Toqa Temür, the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan...
, where, in 1635, he took part in the Crimean Civil War. Defeated in 1637, he was executed on the orders of the Ottoman Sultan
Ottoman Dynasty
The Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan...
Murad IV
Murad IV
Murad IV Ghazi was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods...
.