Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
Encyclopedia
The Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz was established after the Kingdom of Hejaz
had been conquered by Nejd in the mid-1920s. On January 8, 1926, the Sultan of Nejd, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud
, was crowned King of the Hejaz in the Grand Mosque of Mecca. On January 27, 1927 he also took the title King of Nejd, as opposed to the earlier Sultan. At the Treaty of Jeddah on May 20, 1927, Abdul Aziz's realm was recognized by the United Kingdom
and was addressed as the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz.
On September 23, 1932, the main regions Al-Hasa
, Qatif
, Nejd and Hejaz were unified and the kingdom acquired its new name, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
.
Under Abdul Aziz, the Hejaz withdrew from the League of Nations
. In 1926, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was recognized by the USSR followed by the United States
in 1931. By 1932, the United Kingdom, the USSR, Turkey
, Persia
and the Netherlands maintained legations in Jedda; France
, the Kingdom of Italy
and the Kingdom of Egypt
maintained unofficial consular representatives.
Kingdom of Hejaz
The Kingdom of Hejaz was a state in the Hejaz region, ruled by the Hashemite family. The kingdom was annexed by Nejd and merged into the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz in the mid 1920s, which would eventually be known as Saudi Arabia in 1932.-Kings of Hejaz:...
had been conquered by Nejd in the mid-1920s. On January 8, 1926, the Sultan of Nejd, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud
Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia
King Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia was the first monarch of the Third Saudi State known as Saudi Arabia. He was commonly referred to as Ibn Saud....
, was crowned King of the Hejaz in the Grand Mosque of Mecca. On January 27, 1927 he also took the title King of Nejd, as opposed to the earlier Sultan. At the Treaty of Jeddah on May 20, 1927, Abdul Aziz's realm was recognized by the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and was addressed as the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz.
On September 23, 1932, the main regions Al-Hasa
Al-Hasa
Al-Ahsa is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after Al-Ahsa oasis. The name Al-Ahsa is also given to the biggest city in the region, Hofuf. In classic Arabic, Ahsa means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with Date Palms of...
, Qatif
Qatif
Qatif or Al-Qatif is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It extends from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south, and from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west...
, Nejd and Hejaz were unified and the kingdom acquired its new name, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
.
Foreign policy
The Kingdonm of Nejad and Hijaz could pursue its expansionist policy by British arms supplies because of its close relations with the United Kingdom.Under Abdul Aziz, the Hejaz withdrew from the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
. In 1926, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was recognized by the USSR followed by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
in 1931. By 1932, the United Kingdom, the USSR, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, Persia
Pahlavi dynasty
The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
and the Netherlands maintained legations in Jedda; France
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
, the Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
and the Kingdom of Egypt
Kingdom of Egypt
The Kingdom of Egypt was the first modern Egyptian state, lasting from 1922 to 1953. The Kingdom was created in 1922 when the British government unilaterally ended its protectorate over Egypt, in place since 1914. Sultan Fuad I became the first king of the new state...
maintained unofficial consular representatives.