Kotor
Encyclopedia
Kotor is a coastal city in Montenegro
. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of the municipality.
The old Mediterranean port of Kotor is surrounded by an impressive city wall
built by the Republic of Venice
and Venetian influence remains predominant in the city's architecture. The Bay of Kotor
(Boka Kotorska; Bocche di Cattaro), one of the most indented parts of the Adriatic Sea
, is sometimes called the southern-most fjord
in Europe (though it is actually a submerged river canyon
). Together with the nearly overhanging limestone cliffs of Orjen
and Lovćen, Kotor and its surrounding area form an impressive and picturesque Mediterranean landscape.
In recent years, Kotor has seen a steady increase in tourists, attracted by both the natural beauty of the Gulf of Kotor and the old town of Kotor itself.
Kotor is part of the World Heritage Site
dubbed the Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
.
times, when it was known as Acruvium, Ascrivium, or Ascruvium and was part of the Roman province
of Dalmatia
.
Kotor (then called "Cattaro") has been fortified since the early Middle Ages
, when Emperor Justinian
built a fortress above Acruvium in 535, after expelling the Ostrogoths; a second town probably grew up on the heights round it, for Constantine Porphyrogenitus, in the 10th century, alludes to Lower Kotor. The city was plundered by the Saracens in 840. Cattaro was one of the more influential Dalmatia
n City-states of romanized Illirians throughout the Middle Ages period. Until the 11th century the Dalmatian language
was spoken in Cattaro.
In 1002, the city suffered damage under occupation of the First Bulgarian Empire
, and in the following year it was ceded to Serbia
by the Bulgarian Tsar
Samuel. However, the local population resisted the pact and, taking advantage of its alliance with the Republic of Ragusa
, only submitted in 1184, while maintaining its republican institutions and its right to conclude treaties and engage in war. It was already an episcopal see, and, in the 13th century, Dominican
and Franciscan
monasteries were established to check the spread of Bogomilism
.
In the 14th century, commerce in Cattaro (as the city was called until 1918) competed with that of the nearby Republic of Ragusa
and of the Republic of Venice
. The city was part of the Venetian Albania province of the Venetian Republic from 1420 to 1797, except for periods of Ottoman rule in 1538–1571 and 1657-1699. Four centuries of Venetian domination have given the city the typical Venetian architecture, that contributed to make Kotor a UNESCO
world heritage site. In those centuries Renaissance-related literature enjoyed a huge develpment in Venetian Cattaro: the most famous writers were Bernardo Pima, Nicola Chierlo, Luca Bisanti, Alberto de Gliricis, Domenico and Vincenzo Burchia, Vincenzo Ceci, Antonio Zambella and Francesco Morandi.
While under Venetian rule, Cattaro was besieged by the Ottoman Empire
in 1538 and 1657, endured the plague
in 1572, and was nearly destroyed by earthquake
s in 1563 and 1667. After the Treaty of Campo Formio
in 1797, it passed to the Habsburg Monarchy
. However, in 1805, it was assigned to the French Empire
's client state, the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
by the Treaty of Pressburg, although in fact held by a Russia
n squadron under Dmitry Senyavin
. After the Russians retreated, Cattaro was united in 1806 with this Kingdom of Italy and then in 1810 with the French Empire's Illyrian Provinces
. Kotor was captured by the British attack on the Bay led by Commodore John Harper in the brig sloop (18 guns). To seal off Kotor in windless conditions, residents along the shore literally pulled the ship in windless conditions with ropes. Saracen's crew later hauled naval 18-pounder guns above Fort St. John, the fortress near Kotor, and were reinforced by Captain William Hoste with his ship (38 guns). The French garrison had no alternative but to surrender, which it did on 5 January 1814.
It was then restored to the Austrian Empire
by the Congress of Vienna
.
In World War I
, Kotor was one of three main bases of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
and homeport to the Austrian Fifth Fleet, consisting of pre-dreadnought battleships and light cruisers. The area was the site of some of the fiercest battles between local Montenegrin Slavs, and Austria-Hungary
. After 1918, the city (called Càttaro until then) became a part of Yugoslavia
and officially became known as Kotor.
Between 1941 and 1943 Italy
annexed the area of Kotor (with the original venetian name "Bocche di Cattaro") to the Italian "Governorship of Dalmatia
" and created a new Italian Province: the Provincia di Cattaro, with 1075 km² and 128,000 population
But after 1945 it became a part of the then Socialist Republic of Montenegro within Yugoslavia's second incarnation.
In 1979 (April 15) a major earthquake hit the Montenegrin coastal area. There were approximately 100 casualties. Half of Kotor's Old Town was destroyed and St. Tryphon's Cathedral was partly damaged.
Up until the beginning of the 20th century, Croatian Catholics constituted the majority around the Gulf of Kotor.
Kotor is still the seat of the Croatian Catholic
Bishopric of Kotor
, which covers the entire gulf.
Kotor has one of the best preserved medieval old towns in the Adriatic and is a UNESCO world heritage site. It is home to numerous sights, such as the Cathedral of Saint Tryphon
in the old town (built in 1166), and the ancient walls which stretch for 4.5 km directly above the city. Sveti Đorđe and Gospa od Škrpijela islets off the coast of Perast
are also among the more popular destinations in the vicinity of Kotor.
Together with Budva
, the city hosted the Federation of European Carnival Cities
(FECC) World Carnival City Congress in May 2009.
, Risan
and Perast
, as well as many small hamlets around the Bay of Kotor
. In the mid 1800s the city had a mixed population of 1/3 Serbians, 1/3 Croats and 1/3 Italians. Since then the Italians have nearly disappeared, and now the majority is made by "Montenegrins".
The municipality actually has a population of 22,947 (2003 census). The town of Kotor itself has 5,341 inhabitants, but Kotor and Dobrota are practically one town, with a combined population of 13,176.
Population of Kotor (Including Dobrota):
Ethnic groups (1991 census):
Ethnic groups (2003 census) - 22,947:
According to documents from 1900, Kotor had 7,617 Catholics, and 7,207 Orthodox Christians.
Kotor is still the seat of the Catholic
Bishopric of Kotor
, which covers the entire gulf.
The 2003 census listed 22,947 citizens, of whom 78% were Orthodox Christians, 13% were listed as Roman Catholic.
and the rest of the coast and inland Montenegro by Vrmac Tunnel
. Inland is reachable by detouring from Adriatic motorway at Budva
or Sutomore
(through Sozina tunnel
). There is also a historic road connecting Kotor with Cetinje
, which offers spectacular views of Kotor bay.
Tivat Airport
is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away, and there are regular flights to Belgrade
, Moscow
and Paris
and dozens of charter planes land daily on Tivat airport during the summer season.
Podgorica Airport
is 65 kilometres (40.4 mi) away, and it has regular flights to major European destinations throughout the year.
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of the municipality.
The old Mediterranean port of Kotor is surrounded by an impressive city wall
Fortifications of Kotor
The fortifications of Kotor are an integrated historical fortification system that protected the medieval town of Kotor containing ramparts, towers, citadels, gates, bastions, forts, cisterns, a castle, and ancillary buildings and structures. They incorporate military architecture of Illyricum,...
built by the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
and Venetian influence remains predominant in the city's architecture. The Bay of Kotor
Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...
(Boka Kotorska; Bocche di Cattaro), one of the most indented parts of the Adriatic Sea
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
, is sometimes called the southern-most fjord
Fjord
Geologically, a fjord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created in a valley carved by glacial activity.-Formation:A fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by abrasion of the surrounding bedrock. Glacial melting is accompanied by rebound of Earth's crust as the ice...
in Europe (though it is actually a submerged river canyon
Ria
A ria is a coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley. It is a drowned river valley that remains open to the sea. Typically, rias have a dendritic, treelike outline although they can be straight and without significant branches. This pattern is inherited from the...
). Together with the nearly overhanging limestone cliffs of Orjen
Orjen
Orjen is a Dinaric Mediterranean limestone mountain range in Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina. At 1894 m , Zubački kabao is the highest peak in the subadriatic Dinarides. The massif of Orjen lies to the Northwest of Risan in Bay of Kotor...
and Lovćen, Kotor and its surrounding area form an impressive and picturesque Mediterranean landscape.
In recent years, Kotor has seen a steady increase in tourists, attracted by both the natural beauty of the Gulf of Kotor and the old town of Kotor itself.
Kotor is part of the World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
dubbed the Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor is a World Heritage Site located in Montenegro that was inscribed in 1979. It encompasses the old town of Kotor , the fortifications of Kotor, and the surrounding region of the inner Bay of Kotor.-Old town of Kotor:The old town of Kotor is...
.
History
Kotor, first mentioned in 168 BC, was settled during Ancient RomanAncient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
times, when it was known as Acruvium, Ascrivium, or Ascruvium and was part of the Roman province
Roman province
In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and, until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy...
of Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
.
Kotor (then called "Cattaro") has been fortified since the early Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, when Emperor Justinian
Justinian I
Justinian I ; , ; 483– 13 or 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.One of the most important figures of...
built a fortress above Acruvium in 535, after expelling the Ostrogoths; a second town probably grew up on the heights round it, for Constantine Porphyrogenitus, in the 10th century, alludes to Lower Kotor. The city was plundered by the Saracens in 840. Cattaro was one of the more influential Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
n City-states of romanized Illirians throughout the Middle Ages period. Until the 11th century the Dalmatian language
Dalmatian language
Dalmatian was a Romance language spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and as far south as Kotor in Montenegro. The name refers to a pre-Roman tribe of the Illyrian linguistic group, Dalmatae...
was spoken in Cattaro.
In 1002, the city suffered damage under occupation of the First Bulgarian Empire
First Bulgarian Empire
The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in the north-eastern Balkans in c. 680 by the Bulgars, uniting with seven South Slavic tribes...
, and in the following year it was ceded to Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
by the Bulgarian Tsar
Tsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
Samuel. However, the local population resisted the pact and, taking advantage of its alliance with the Republic of Ragusa
Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa or Republic of Dubrovnik was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik in Dalmatia , that existed from 1358 to 1808...
, only submitted in 1184, while maintaining its republican institutions and its right to conclude treaties and engage in war. It was already an episcopal see, and, in the 13th century, Dominican
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
and Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
monasteries were established to check the spread of Bogomilism
Bogomilism
Bogomilism was a Gnostic religiopolitical sect founded in the First Bulgarian Empire by the priest Bogomil during the reign of Tsar Petar I in the 10th century...
.
In the 14th century, commerce in Cattaro (as the city was called until 1918) competed with that of the nearby Republic of Ragusa
Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa or Republic of Dubrovnik was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik in Dalmatia , that existed from 1358 to 1808...
and of the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
. The city was part of the Venetian Albania province of the Venetian Republic from 1420 to 1797, except for periods of Ottoman rule in 1538–1571 and 1657-1699. Four centuries of Venetian domination have given the city the typical Venetian architecture, that contributed to make Kotor a UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
world heritage site. In those centuries Renaissance-related literature enjoyed a huge develpment in Venetian Cattaro: the most famous writers were Bernardo Pima, Nicola Chierlo, Luca Bisanti, Alberto de Gliricis, Domenico and Vincenzo Burchia, Vincenzo Ceci, Antonio Zambella and Francesco Morandi.
While under Venetian rule, Cattaro was besieged by the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in 1538 and 1657, endured the plague
Black Death
The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. Of several competing theories, the dominant explanation for the Black Death is the plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Thought to have...
in 1572, and was nearly destroyed by earthquake
Earthquake
An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time...
s in 1563 and 1667. After the Treaty of Campo Formio
Treaty of Campo Formio
The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on 18 October 1797 by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of revolutionary France and the Austrian monarchy...
in 1797, it passed to the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
. However, in 1805, it was assigned to the French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
's client state, the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
The Kingdom of Italy was a state founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon, fully influenced by revolutionary France, that ended with his defeat and fall.-Constitutional statutes:...
by the Treaty of Pressburg, although in fact held by a Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n squadron under Dmitry Senyavin
Dmitry Senyavin
Dmitry Nikolayevich Senyavin or Seniavin was a Russian admiral who ranks among the greatest seamen of the Napoleonic Wars.- Service under Ushakov :...
. After the Russians retreated, Cattaro was united in 1806 with this Kingdom of Italy and then in 1810 with the French Empire's Illyrian Provinces
Illyrian provinces
The Illyrian Provinces was an autonomous province of the Napoleonic French Empire on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea between 1809 and 1816. Its capital was established at Laybach...
. Kotor was captured by the British attack on the Bay led by Commodore John Harper in the brig sloop (18 guns). To seal off Kotor in windless conditions, residents along the shore literally pulled the ship in windless conditions with ropes. Saracen's crew later hauled naval 18-pounder guns above Fort St. John, the fortress near Kotor, and were reinforced by Captain William Hoste with his ship (38 guns). The French garrison had no alternative but to surrender, which it did on 5 January 1814.
It was then restored to the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
by the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...
.
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, Kotor was one of three main bases of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
Austro-Hungarian Navy
The Austro-Hungarian Navy was the naval force of Austria-Hungary. Its official name in German was Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine , abbreviated as k.u.k. Kriegsmarine....
and homeport to the Austrian Fifth Fleet, consisting of pre-dreadnought battleships and light cruisers. The area was the site of some of the fiercest battles between local Montenegrin Slavs, and Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
. After 1918, the city (called Càttaro until then) became a part of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
and officially became known as Kotor.
Between 1941 and 1943 Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
annexed the area of Kotor (with the original venetian name "Bocche di Cattaro") to the Italian "Governorship of Dalmatia
Governorship of Dalmatia
The Governorate of Dalmatia was a province of Italy, created in April 1941 from occupied Yugoslav territory annexed after the German blitzkrieg Invasion of Yugoslavia.-Characteristics:...
" and created a new Italian Province: the Provincia di Cattaro, with 1075 km² and 128,000 population
But after 1945 it became a part of the then Socialist Republic of Montenegro within Yugoslavia's second incarnation.
In 1979 (April 15) a major earthquake hit the Montenegrin coastal area. There were approximately 100 casualties. Half of Kotor's Old Town was destroyed and St. Tryphon's Cathedral was partly damaged.
Up until the beginning of the 20th century, Croatian Catholics constituted the majority around the Gulf of Kotor.
Kotor is still the seat of the Croatian Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
Bishopric of Kotor
Roman Catholic Diocese of Kotor
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kotor is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Bay of Kotor area in Montenegro. It is centered in the city of Kotor . It was erected as a diocese in the 10th century....
, which covers the entire gulf.
Main sights
Cathedral of Saint Tryphon
The Cathedral of Saint Tryphon in Kotor is one of two Roman Catholic cathedrals in Montenegro. It is the seat of the Croatian Catholic Bishopric of Kotor which covers the entire gulf, currently led by Bishop Mons...
in the old town (built in 1166), and the ancient walls which stretch for 4.5 km directly above the city. Sveti Đorđe and Gospa od Škrpijela islets off the coast of Perast
Perast
Perast is an old town in Bay of Kotor, Montenegro. It is situated a few kilometres northwest of Kotor.- Geography :...
are also among the more popular destinations in the vicinity of Kotor.
Culture
Kotor hosts several summer events, such as the Summer Carnival or Bokeljska Noć.Together with Budva
Budva
Budva is a coastal town in Montenegro. It has around 15,000 inhabitants, and it is the centre of municipality...
, the city hosted the Federation of European Carnival Cities
Federation of European Carnival Cities
The Federation of European Carnival Cities was founded in 1980 and has been registered in the Court of Luxembourg. Member cities, organization and individual members are engaged in producing popular celebrations or carnivals which represent an authentic masquerade or parade of a people's cultural...
(FECC) World Carnival City Congress in May 2009.
Population
Kotor is the administrative centre of Kotor municipality, which includes the towns of DobrotaDobrota
Dobrota is a town in the Kotor Municipality in coastal Montenegro. Although administratively a separate town, it is de facto part of Kotor, and encompasses most of Kotor's residential area, while town of Kotor administratively encompasses town's historical core...
, Risan
Risan
Risan is a town in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro...
and Perast
Perast
Perast is an old town in Bay of Kotor, Montenegro. It is situated a few kilometres northwest of Kotor.- Geography :...
, as well as many small hamlets around the Bay of Kotor
Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...
. In the mid 1800s the city had a mixed population of 1/3 Serbians, 1/3 Croats and 1/3 Italians. Since then the Italians have nearly disappeared, and now the majority is made by "Montenegrins".
The municipality actually has a population of 22,947 (2003 census). The town of Kotor itself has 5,341 inhabitants, but Kotor and Dobrota are practically one town, with a combined population of 13,176.
Population of Kotor (Including Dobrota):
- March 3, 1981 - 10,780
- March 3, 1991 - 12,903
- November 1, 2003–13,176
Ethnic groups (1991 census):
- Montenegrins (55.24%)
- SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
(14.07%) - CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
(7.23%)
Ethnic groups (2003 census) - 22,947:
- Montenegrins - 10,741 (46.81%)
- SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
- 7,094 (30.91%) - CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
- 1,762 (7.68%) - YugoslavsYugoslavsYugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...
- 168 (0.73%) - MuslimsMuslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
- 106 (0.46%) - AlbaniansAlbaniansAlbanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...
- 76 (0.33%) - MacedoniansMacedonians (ethnic group)The Macedonians also referred to as Macedonian Slavs: "... the term Slavomacedonian was introduced and was accepted by the community itself, which at the time had a much more widespread non-Greek Macedonian ethnic consciousness...
- 49 (0.21%) - Romas - 48 (0.21%)
- RussiansRussiansThe Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
- 39 (0.17%) - Slovenes - 35 (0.15%)
- Italians - 32 (0.14%)
- Hungarians - 32 (0.14%)
- Egyptians - 20 (0.09%)
- BosniaksBosniaksThe Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...
- 16 (0.07%) - GermansGermansThe Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
- 14 (0.06%) - others - 133 (0.58%)
- undeclared/undefined - 2,165 (9.43%)
- regionally affiliated - 202 (0.88%)
- no data - 215 (0.94)
According to documents from 1900, Kotor had 7,617 Catholics, and 7,207 Orthodox Christians.
Kotor is still the seat of the Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
Bishopric of Kotor
Roman Catholic Diocese of Kotor
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kotor is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Bay of Kotor area in Montenegro. It is centered in the city of Kotor . It was erected as a diocese in the 10th century....
, which covers the entire gulf.
The 2003 census listed 22,947 citizens, of whom 78% were Orthodox Christians, 13% were listed as Roman Catholic.
Transport
Kotor is connected to the Adriatic MotorwayAdriatic Motorway
The Adriatic Highway is a road that stretches along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and is part of the European route E65. The road passes principally through Croatia, with smaller stretches through Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro...
and the rest of the coast and inland Montenegro by Vrmac Tunnel
Vrmac Tunnel
Vrmac Tunnel is a vehicular tunnel in southern Montenegro.The tunnel, which is 1,637 m long, connects town of Kotor with Adriatic Motorway and the rest of Montenegro...
. Inland is reachable by detouring from Adriatic motorway at Budva
Budva
Budva is a coastal town in Montenegro. It has around 15,000 inhabitants, and it is the centre of municipality...
or Sutomore
Sutomore
Sutomore is a small coastal town in Bar Municipality, Montenegro. A 2003 census put the population at 1,827.-History:...
(through Sozina tunnel
Sozina tunnel
The Sozina Tunnel is a road tunnel in Montenegro, and is a part of E65 European route. It is located north of town of Sutomore, and is designed to bypass the mountain range "Paštrovska Gora" that separates Montenegrin coast from Zeta plain and Skadar Lake basin .The road tunnel "Sozina" is 4,189 m...
). There is also a historic road connecting Kotor with Cetinje
Cetinje
Cetinje , Цетиње / Cetinje , Italian: Cettigne, Greek: Κετίγνη, Ketígni) is a town and Old Royal Capital of Montenegro. It is also a historical and the secondary capital of Montenegro , with the official residence of the President of Montenegro...
, which offers spectacular views of Kotor bay.
Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport is an international airport located from the centre of Tivat, Montenegro in the center of the Boka Kotorska bay....
is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away, and there are regular flights to Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
, Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
and dozens of charter planes land daily on Tivat airport during the summer season.
Podgorica Airport
Podgorica Airport
Podgorica Airport is an international airport located south of Podgorica, Montenegro. It is the main hub for Montenegro Airlines....
is 65 kilometres (40.4 mi) away, and it has regular flights to major European destinations throughout the year.
People
- Tomislav CrnkovićTomislav CrnkovicTomislav Crnković was a Croatian footballer.He was born in Kotor in what was still the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. As a defender, he played for HAŠK, Metalac and Dinamo Zagreb. Abroad, he later played at Wiener Sportclub and Servette FC.With the Yugoslavian national team, he had 51 caps...
, Croatian footballer - Stevan FaddyStevan FaddyStevan Faddy born 2 September 1986 in Kotor) is a Montenegrin singer. He took part in Montevizija 2006, singing "Cipele". He also participated in Sunčane Skale 2003 singing "Poslednja obala"...
, Montenegrin Singer - Zoran Gopčević, Montenegrin waterpolo player
- Vasko LipovacVasko LipovacVasko Lipovac , was a Croatian painter and sculptor.-Biography:Vasko Lipovac was born on June 14, 1931 in Kotor, Montenegro. After graduating from secondary school in Kotor, he came to Zagreb, Croatia in 1950...
, Croatian painter - Ratimir MartinovićRatimir MartinovicRatimir Martinović is an award-winning Montenegrin pianist.-Biography:Martinović was born in Kotor, Montenegro, then Yugoslavia, where he completed the elementary music school; he continued his education in Novi Sad at the Isidor Bajić Music school and at the Academy of Art in the class of the...
, Montenegrin pianist - Danilo Saveljić, Slovenian footballer
- Vlaho Orlić, Montenegrin waterpolo coach
- Andrija PaltašićAndrija PaltašicAndrija Paltašić was Montenegrin printer and publisher from the Gulf of Kotor in Montenegro. He plied his trade in Venice from 1477 to 1493....
, painter - Nina PetkovićNina PetkovicNina Petković is a Montenegrin singer, musician and television personality. She came to media prominence in regional Star Academy version, Operacija trijumf, and came fourth...
, Montenegrin singer and television personality - Viktor VidaViktor VidaViktor Vida was a Croatian writer.He graduated from the University of Zagreb in south Slav literature and the Italian language. His first poetry was published in Nikšić. From 1943 he worked in Rome. In 1945, a communist regime was established in Yugoslavia, which prevented Vida from returning to...
, Croatian write - Boško VuksanovićBoško VuksanovicBoško Vuksanović was a Yugoslavian water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He was part of the Yugoslav team which won the silver medal in the 1952 tournament...
, Montenegrin waterpolo coach
External links
- Official website
- UNESCO: Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
- Kotor City Guide - Hotels - Accommodation Rent a Car
- Boka Kotorska Photo Gallery
- Tourist Presentation of Kotor
- Foundation for Culture and Tradition of Boka Kotorska "Project Rastko-Boka" in Serbian
- Old Town Map (1944px × 2592px 851.58 Kb JPG)
- Foundation for Culture and Tradition of Boka Kotorska "Project Rastko-Boka" in Serbian
- Kotor on the photographs of Stevan Kordić
