Krasnoborsky District
Encyclopedia
Krasnoborsky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-one
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnoborsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast
and borders with Verkhnetoyemsky District
in the north, Udorsky District of the Komi Republic
in the northeast, Lensky District
in the east, Kotlassky District in the south, and Ustyansky District
in the west. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoborsk
. District's population: Population of Krasnoborsk accounts for 29.3% of the district's population.
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
. Krasnoborsk was founded in 1602 as Krasny Bor. From 17th century Krasny Bor held an annual trade fair.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
, In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
. Simultaneously, Krasny Bor was renamed Krasnoborsk, was granted town status, and Krasnoborsky Uyezd was established. In 1796, the uyezd was abolished, and its territory was included into Solvychegodsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
, and in 1924 the uyezd
s were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions). Krasnoborsky District was established on April 10, 1924.
In the following years, the district remained within the same borders, but the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into Northern Krai
, which in 1936 was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Krasnoborsky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
From 1924 to 1959, Cherevkovsky District existed, with its administrative center located in Cherevkovo, initially in Northern Dvina Governorate. On September 11, 1959 the district was abolished and split between Krasnoborsky, Verkhnetoyemsky
, and Ustyansky District
s; the district center Cherevkovo became a part of Krasnoborsky District.
. Minor parts of the district belong to the basins of other major tributaries of the Northern Dvina, the Ustya River
(southwest) and the Pinega River
(northeast). The source of the Pinega is located in Verkhnetoyemsky District
; however, the Pinega starts at the confluence
of the Belaya River and the Chyornaya River, both of which have their sources in Krasnoborsky District. A very small area in the northeast of the district, adjacent to the Komi Republic, drains into the Vashka River
, a tributary of the Mezen River
(not of the Northern Dvina basin). The whole area of the district drains into the White Sea
.
Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
). The exception are the meadows in the floodplain
s.
s. The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
There is a road connecting Kotlas
and Arkhangelsk
which passes through Krasnoborsk. There are also local roads. There is regular passenger bus traffic over the district, and also from Krasnoborsk to Arkhangelsk.
The only state museum in the district is Sergey Tupitsyn Museum of History and Art (founded in 1958) with the main building in Krasnoborsk and a branch in the selo of Cherevkovo.
Alexander Borisov, a Russian landscape painter, had an estate in the village of Gorodishchenskaya, close to Krasnoborsk. He lived there most of his time since 1909 and died in his house in 1934.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-one
Administrative divisions of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Administratively, Arkhangelsk Oblast is divided into six cities and towns of oblast significance, twenty-one districts, and two island territories . Besides, Mirny is a town under the federal government management....
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnoborsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Verkhnetoyemsky Municipal District...
in the north, Udorsky District of the Komi Republic
Komi Republic
The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
in the northeast, Lensky District
Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Lensky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Lensky Municipal District...
in the east, Kotlassky District in the south, and Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ustyansky Municipal District...
in the west. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoborsk
Krasnoborsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Krasnoborsk is a rural locality and the administrative center of Krasnoborsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Northern Dvina River. It also serves as the administrative center of Alexeyevsky Selsoviet, one of the ten selsoviets into which the district is...
. District's population: Population of Krasnoborsk accounts for 29.3% of the district's population.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
. Krasnoborsk was founded in 1602 as Krasny Bor. From 17th century Krasny Bor held an annual trade fair.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
, In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
. Simultaneously, Krasny Bor was renamed Krasnoborsk, was granted town status, and Krasnoborsky Uyezd was established. In 1796, the uyezd was abolished, and its territory was included into Solvychegodsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate was a governorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city of Veliky Ustyug. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Arkhangelsk, Vologda,...
, and in 1924 the uyezd
Uyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
s were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions). Krasnoborsky District was established on April 10, 1924.
In the following years, the district remained within the same borders, but the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, which in 1936 was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Krasnoborsky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
From 1924 to 1959, Cherevkovsky District existed, with its administrative center located in Cherevkovo, initially in Northern Dvina Governorate. On September 11, 1959 the district was abolished and split between Krasnoborsky, Verkhnetoyemsky
Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Verkhnetoyemsky Municipal District...
, and Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ustyansky Municipal District...
s; the district center Cherevkovo became a part of Krasnoborsky District.
Location and geography
The district is located on both banks of the Northern Dvina River. The major part of the district belongs to the river basins of the Northern Dvina and its major tributaries. The main (right-hand) Northern Dvina tributary which flows through the district is the Uftyuga RiverUftyuga River (Arkhangelsk Oblast)
The Uftyuga is a river in Krasnoborsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The river is long. The area of its basin is . The Uftyuga River freezes in mid-October to early November and stays under the ice until mid-April to early May...
. Minor parts of the district belong to the basins of other major tributaries of the Northern Dvina, the Ustya River
Ustya River
The Ustya is a river in Kotlassky, Krasnoborsky, Ustyansky, and Velsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. A very short portion of the river also forms the boundary between Kotlassky District and Velikoustyuzhsky District of Vologda Oblast. It is a right tributary of the Vaga River. The...
(southwest) and the Pinega River
Pinega River
The Pinega is a river in Verkhnetoyemsky, Pinezhsky, and Kholmogorsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Northern Dvina River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
(northeast). The source of the Pinega is located in Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Verkhnetoyemsky Municipal District...
; however, the Pinega starts at the confluence
Confluence
Confluence, in geography, describes the meeting of two or more bodies of water.Confluence may also refer to:* Confluence , a property of term rewriting systems...
of the Belaya River and the Chyornaya River, both of which have their sources in Krasnoborsky District. A very small area in the northeast of the district, adjacent to the Komi Republic, drains into the Vashka River
Vashka River
The Vashka is a river in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic and Leshukonsky and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left and the biggest tributary of the Mezen River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
, a tributary of the Mezen River
Mezen River
The Mezen is a river in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic and in Leshukonsky and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. Its mouth is located in the Mezen Bay of the White Sea. Mezen is one of the biggest rivers of European Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin...
(not of the Northern Dvina basin). The whole area of the district drains into the White Sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
.
Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
Taiga
Taiga , also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States and is known as the Northwoods...
). The exception are the meadows in the floodplain
Floodplain
A floodplain, or flood plain, is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge...
s.
Administrative divisions
Administratively, the district is divided into ten selsovietSelsoviet
Selsoviet is a shortened name for a rural council. The full names for the term are, in , , . Selsoviets were the lowest level of administrative division in rural areas in the Soviet Union...
s. The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
- Alexeyevsky (Krasnoborsk)
- Belosludsky (Bolshaya Sludka)
- Beryozonavolotsky (Beryozonavolok)
- Cherevkovsky (Cherevkovo)
- Kulikovsky (Kulikovo)
- Lyakhovsky (Yemelyanovskaya)
- Novoshinsky (Komsomolsky)
- Permogorsky (Bolshaya)
- Telegovsky (Yershevskaya)
- Verkhneuftyugsky (Verkhnyaya Uftyuga)
Municipal divisions
Municipally, the district is divided into seven rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):- Alexeyevskoye Rural Settlement (Krasnoborsk)
- Belosludskoye Rural Settlement (Bolshaya Sludka)
- Cherevkovskoye Rural Settlement (Cherevkovo)
- Kulikovskoye Rural Settlement (Kulikovo)
- Permogorskoye Rural Settlement (Bolshaya)
- Telegovskoye Rural Settlement (Yershevskaya)
- Verkhneuftyugskoye Rural Settlement (Verkhnyaya Uftyuga)
Industry
The basis of the economy of the district is timber industry, which is more developed on the left bank of the Northern Dvina than on the right bank. The food industry is also present.Agriculture
In 2008, there were twenty-four farms of various scale in the district. These produced meat (beef and pork), milk, cereals, and potatoes. There were also two posts buying wild berries and mushrooms from the collectors.Transport
The Northern Dvina is navigable, although there is no regular passenger navigation.There is a road connecting Kotlas
Kotlas
Kotlas is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, by which it is...
and Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
which passes through Krasnoborsk. There are also local roads. There is regular passenger bus traffic over the district, and also from Krasnoborsk to Arkhangelsk.
Education
There are three high schools in the district (located in Krasnoborsk, Cherevkovo, and Verkhnyaya Uftyuga), and six basic (providing nine-year education) and elementary schools/ There is also a technical school in Krasnoborsk which was founded in 1911 and mostly caters to the timber industry.Culture and recreation
The district contains fourteen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law, and additionally sixty-three objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. Most of these are wooden churches and wooden rural houses built prior to 1917.The only state museum in the district is Sergey Tupitsyn Museum of History and Art (founded in 1958) with the main building in Krasnoborsk and a branch in the selo of Cherevkovo.
Alexander Borisov, a Russian landscape painter, had an estate in the village of Gorodishchenskaya, close to Krasnoborsk. He lived there most of his time since 1909 and died in his house in 1934.